阅读说明：本技术 一种相变材料吸附强化高温气体中超细粉尘分离装置及方法 (Device and method for separating ultrafine dust in high-temperature gas by adsorption and reinforcement of phase change material ) 是由 孙院军 张茜茜 丁向东 孙军 孙博宇 于 2021-10-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种相变材料吸附强化高温气体中超细粉尘分离装置及方法。本发明针对陶瓷膜过滤气体应用温度和除尘效率高,但是同时存在成本高,磨损严重、对超细粉尘过滤率降低等问题,借鉴湿法除尘对全粒径粉尘除尘效率高的优点,利用相变材料的高温相变及相变温度的可控特性,克服水介质湿法除尘应用环境温度低导致气体余热损失大及耗水量大等局限,将之与陶瓷微球除尘技术相结合,实现气体除尘温度高和效率高的双赢。一是提高了对高温烟气超细粉尘的捕获率；二是减小了高温烟气温降,为高热值能源回收与利用创造条件；三是减少陶瓷的高温磨损,提高陶瓷材料的使用寿命,规避了更换过程对连续化生产的影响,保证了除尘效率和收尘率的稳定性和一致性,降低了除尘运行成本。(A phase change material adsorption reinforced separation device and method for ultrafine dust in high-temperature gas. The invention aims at the problems of high application temperature and high dust removal efficiency of ceramic membrane filtering gas, high cost, serious abrasion, low filtration rate of ultrafine dust and the like, and overcomes the limitations of large gas waste heat loss, large water consumption and the like caused by low environmental temperature of water medium wet dust removal by using the controllable characteristics of high-temperature phase change and phase change temperature of a phase change material by using the advantage of high dust removal efficiency of full-particle-size dust removal of wet dust removal. Firstly, the capture rate of the high-temperature flue gas ultrafine dust is improved; secondly, the temperature drop of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced, and conditions are created for the recovery and utilization of high-calorific-value energy; and thirdly, the high-temperature abrasion of the ceramic is reduced, the service life of the ceramic material is prolonged, the influence of the replacement process on continuous production is avoided, the stability and consistency of the dust removal efficiency and the dust collection rate are ensured, and the dust removal operation cost is reduced.)

1. The utility model provides a phase change material adsorbs superfine dust separator in reinforceing high temperature gas which characterized in that: the ceramic ball filter comprises a filter cylinder body (5) with one side communicated with an air inlet pipeline (1) and the other side communicated with an exhaust pipeline (7), wherein the upper end and the lower end of the filter cylinder body (5) are respectively provided with a ceramic ball feeding pipeline (4) and a discharging pipeline (9), composite ceramic balls are arranged inside the filter cylinder body (5), and the lower end of the discharging pipeline (9) of the filter cylinder body (5) is sequentially communicated with a liquid glass wrapped ceramic ball separation zone (11), a cooler (12), a particle detection zone (13) and a ceramic ball regeneration zone (15).

2. The phase-change material adsorption-enhanced ultrafine dust separation device in high-temperature gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the composite ceramic ball is composed of 10-100 mu m ceramic solid microspheres and a glass layer or liquefiable silicide which is attached to the surfaces of the ceramic solid microspheres and has a phase transition temperature point determined according to the temperature of high-temperature flue gas to be treated.

3. The phase-change material adsorption-enhanced ultrafine dust separation device in high-temperature gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an air inlet valve (16) is arranged on the air inlet pipeline (1).

4. The phase-change material adsorption-enhanced ultrafine dust separation device in high-temperature gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and an induced draft fan (6) and an exhaust valve (17) are installed on the exhaust pipeline (7).

5. The phase-change material adsorption-enhanced ultrafine dust separation device in high-temperature gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a ceramic ball storage box (2) with a feeding valve (3) is arranged on the feeding pipeline (4).

6. The phase-change material adsorption-enhanced ultrafine dust separation device in high-temperature gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the filter cylinder body (5) is provided with a sampling hole (8).

7. The phase-change material adsorption-enhanced ultrafine dust separation device in high-temperature gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a discharge valve (10) is arranged on the discharge pipeline (9).

8. A phase-change material adsorption enhanced method for separating ultrafine dust in high-temperature gas by using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that:

1) firstly, an air inlet valve (16) is opened, high-temperature flue gas enters a filter cylinder body (5) through an air inlet pipeline (1), the flue gas penetrates through composite ceramic balls filled in the filter cylinder body (5) from one side to the other side, and when the high-temperature gas penetrates through a continuously-changed gap in the composite ceramic balls, the high-temperature gas exchanges heat with the composite ceramic balls and melts glass on the surfaces of the ceramic balls to finish a heat transfer process; meanwhile, ultrafine dust in the high-temperature gas is adsorbed and captured in the continuous collision process of the ceramic balls with the liquid glass phase attached to the surface, and is deposited in the liquid glass phase to finish the dust enrichment and gas purification processes, and the filtered flue gas is discharged from an exhaust pipeline (7) by opening an exhaust valve (17) under the action of an induced draft fan (6);

2) secondly, when a new composite ceramic ball is replaced, the ceramic ball is controlled to enter a liquid glass wrapped ceramic ball separation zone (11) through a discharge pipeline (9) by a discharge valve (10), the separation zone has the function of avoiding the adhesion of adjacent ceramic balls in the solidification process of a liquid glass phase, the temperature of the separation zone is not less than the temperature of a glass phase transition point, the separated ceramic ball is cooled to be below the phase transition temperature by a cooler (12) to form a single glass wrapped ceramic ball, and meanwhile, a feed valve (3) is opened, and the composite ceramic ball enters a filter cylinder (5) from a ceramic ball storage box (2);

3) and finally, the composite ceramic balls enter a particle detection area (13), the scale change condition of the ceramic balls is observed, the qualified ceramic balls are thrown into a ceramic ball storage box again for recycling, the unqualified ceramic balls enter a ceramic ball regeneration area (15) through a discharge pipeline (14), and the separation of a glass phase and pure ceramic balls is realized through high-temperature centrifugation or high-temperature high-pressure gas purging. The valuable components in the glass phase are enriched and recovered, and are treated as solid waste instead.

9. The method for separating ultrafine dust in high-temperature gas by adsorption enhancement of phase change materials as claimed in claim 8, wherein: and 2) judging the viscosity condition of the ceramic balls in the filter cylinder body (5) by sampling from the sampling hole (8) periodically, and really judging whether to replace the new ceramic balls.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device and a method for separating ultrafine dust, in particular to a device and a method for separating ultrafine dust in phase change material adsorption-reinforced high-temperature gas.

Background

Industrial high temperature flue gas is a major pollution source in atmospheric pollution. Mainly comes from the basic industrial fields of coal combustion, steel and nonferrous metallurgy, cement, ceramics, building materials and the like. In recent years, the national atmosphere pollution prevention and treatment strength is enhanced, and the continuous development of the high-temperature flue gas dust removal technology is promoted. Industrial high temperature flue gases generally contain a certain amount of ultrafine dust and gaseous pollutants such as sulfides or nitrides. The main principles of high-temperature dust-containing flue gas treatment are valuable dust (resource) recovery, heat energy recycling, environmental-friendly emission reaching standards and the like. At present, the domestic and foreign dust removal technologies mainly comprise cyclone dust removal, cloth bag dust removal, electric dust removal, wet dust removal, porous ceramic membrane filtration and other dust removal modes. However, the dust removal efficiency of cyclone dust removal is low, and the cyclone dust removal can only be used for pretreatment to remove dust with larger particle size, and does not meet the requirement of environmental protection and emission. The cloth bag type dust removal is limited by the properties of temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the filter material, the use temperature is generally less than or equal to 300-400 ℃, the requirement of high-temperature flue gas purification can not be met, and the recovery of high-temperature heat energy is not facilitated. The electric precipitation has a series of problems of unstable corona discharge, short electrode service life, sensitivity to smoke components, high-temperature insulation and the like. The wet dust collector adopts the principle that dust particles collide with liquid drops, are captured and are deposited. The wet dust collector can be suitable for processing high-temperature and high-humidity flue gas dust, such as coal-fired and oil-fired plants, power plants, steel plants and the like. The wet dust collector has simple principle, low investment and high dust collection rate, so the wet dust collector has wide application range. However, wet dedusting has the problems of large water consumption, low heat recovery rate and the like, and is not an optimal dedusting method for high-temperature flue gas treatment. In order to reduce the influence of the dust removal process on the temperature of the flue gas, the porous ceramic/alloy membrane filter is produced. The porous ceramic/alloy membrane has the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, good structural stability, repeated cleaning and regeneration and the like, and particularly has the highest filtration efficiency for ultra-fine dust particles below PM 2.5. Therefore, the method is rapidly popularized and applied in the century. In the industrial application of the last 20 years, the porous ceramic/alloy membrane is still found to have a plurality of problems. Firstly, the use temperature is not high, generally acts at 500-600 ℃, is higher than the dust collection by a cloth bag, but is lower than the smoke temperature of 800-1000 ℃; secondly, the porous membrane is easy to generate thermal stress fatigue damage in the back flushing regeneration process, and the service life is short; thirdly, the abrasion and corrosion in the using process are serious, so that the aperture of the membrane is enlarged and the stability is poor; fourthly, the fixed investment is high, the replacement of the porous ceramic/alloy membrane tube is difficult, and the influence on the production is large. And the like, which severely restrict the wide application of the porous ceramic/alloy thin film in the industry. The high-temperature ceramic ball filtering technology is based on the development of ceramic membrane technology, and solves the problems that the air resistance of a standing high-temperature ceramic/alloy membrane is increased along with the increase of the amount of deposited dust, or the dust collection efficiency is reduced along with the increase of abrasion and corrosion. But slightly reduced dust collection rate. The dedusting of the high-temperature flue gas is not only a problem of recycling industrial resources, but also a problem of recycling energy, and is a problem of reaching the environmental protection standard and stabilizing production. The problems of materials, systems and structures, dust removal process and application are involved, and the problem of cross-border fusion of multidisciplinary and multi-professional fields is solved. With the proposal of energy conservation and emission reduction and the aim of 'double carbon', the problems of separation of ultrafine dust and gas purification in high-temperature gas become high and new technologies at home and abroad, and have great influence on national economic development, environmental improvement and ecological civilization construction.

At present, great international progress is made in the deep purification of high-temperature dust-containing gas by ceramic membranes. In the uk, the treatment of exhaust gases from coal-fired plants with inorganic ceramic filters has proven to be the most suitable particulate removal technology, with ceramic membrane filters being used for flue gas dust removal in power stations. The porous ceramic membrane filter developed in the United states can remove 99% of smoke particles when being directly arranged in a flue. In addition, a cross-flow porous ceramic wafer filter is also developed in the united states, wherein the filter material is a porous ceramic membrane, 2 layers of membranes are separated by corrugated plates, the directions of the adjacent corrugated plates are mutually vertical, and the dust removal efficiency can reach 99.6% -100%. The dust remover has good effect of pulse dust removal. At present, the dust removal efficiency of rigid candle ceramic membrane filters developed by Germany, American, Japan and other companies reaches more than 99.9%. (reference: current research and development trends of ceramic membranes for high-temperature dusty gas purification)

For the wet dust removal mode, the current research situation in the aspects of design and modification of dust removers at home and abroad is as follows: according to the problem that the section of a national coal mine tunnel is small, a wet cyclone dust collector is successfully researched, and the removal efficiency of the dust collector on respirable dust can reach more than 96%; the Pandao proposes a technology of a vortex purification mechanism, and the technology can solve the problems of atomization mixing, dehumidification, slag-water separation, material corrosion and the like; zhai Yun ripples et al then adopts venturi, whirl board, the method of spraying and baffling defroster to reform transform etc. to original dust remover to synthesizing formula dust remover.

For some wet dust collectors, such as a packed tower scrubber and a wet centrifugal scrubber, a layer of liquid film is formed on the inner surface of the wet dust collector after water enters the wet dust collector, and dust particles in air flow entering the wet dust collector are impacted into the liquid film by the action of inertial centrifugal force and captured, so that the dust collection process is completed. In these wet dust collectors, the gas-liquid two-phase contact surface is a liquid film, which is the main dust catcher of such dust collectors, and dust particles are settled on the liquid film. (reference: design, experiment and simulation research of a composite wet dust collector)

The high-temperature ceramic ball dust remover belongs to a novel particle ball dust remover, the principle of which is similar to that of a bag type dust remover, particles with large particle size are filtered by gravity sedimentation, and particles with small particle size are blocked and filtered by gaps of ceramic balls. As the ceramic ball, diatomite, A1 is generally used₂O₃The ceramic ball is fired to be capable of withstanding high temperature of nearly 1000 ℃, has high hardness, is convenient to transport and can be repeatedly used, and dust settled among the ceramic balls can be removed through air blowback to restore the air permeability of the ball layerTherefore, the equipment can run for a long time, and the equipment cost and the running cost are effectively reduced. As a novel dust removal device, the high-temperature ceramic ball dust remover can be used in a low-temperature and high-dust-concentration flue gas environment, and can also be suitable for environments where other dust removal devices cannot be used, such as high-temperature and corrosion-resistant environments. (reference: flue gas dust removal electric simulation and simulation research of high-temperature ceramic balls).

The conventional porous ceramic/alloy membrane filtration method has the following problems. Firstly, the use temperature is not high, generally below 500-600 ℃, and is higher than the cloth bag type dust collection temperature, but far lower than the general flue gas temperature of 800-1000 ℃; secondly, the porous ceramic/alloy membrane needs back flushing regeneration, so that the ceramic membrane needs to work under the alternating action of high temperature and low temperature, the thermal stress fatigue damage is easy to occur, and the service life is short; wear and corrosion in the use process cause the membrane aperture to be enlarged and the dust removal stability to be poor; fourthly, the ceramic/alloy film has high investment, and the whole tube film is replaced due to the abrasion or corrosion damage of the micro-area, thereby influencing the continuous production. And the like, which severely restrict the wide application of porous ceramic membranes in industry. The high-temperature ceramic ball dust remover is used as a novel particle ball dust remover, realizes the conversion of a ceramic/alloy membrane from static state to dynamic state, overcomes the problems that the local damage of the ceramic/alloy membrane needs to replace the whole tube membrane to influence the service efficiency, the service life and the like, and reduces the dust collection efficiency. At present, the dust removal technology and device for high-end high-temperature gas ultrafine dust also depend on foreign import, influence the stable operation of large enterprises, and become one of the problems of foreign companies in neck clamping.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device and a method for separating ultrafine dust in high-temperature gas by absorbing and strengthening three indexes of 'high-temperature strength and wear-resistant material + continuous stable operation structure + high dust collection rate', in particular to a phase-change material with great significance in purifying ultrafine dust in high-temperature gas, by fully utilizing the characteristics of high temperature resistance and wear resistance of ceramics, the dynamic and continuous characteristics of a ceramic ball filter, and the high efficiency of wet dust removal on full-scale dust.

To achieve the above object, the apparatus of the present invention comprises: the filter comprises a filter cylinder body communicated with an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline at the other side, wherein a ceramic ball feeding pipeline and a discharging pipeline are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the filter cylinder body, a glass phase wrapped ceramic ball is arranged in the filter cylinder body, and the lower end of the discharging pipeline of the filter cylinder body is sequentially communicated with a liquid glass wrapped ceramic ball separation zone, a cooler, a particle detection zone and a ceramic ball regeneration zone.

The glass phase wrapping ceramic ball consists of 10-100 mu m ceramic solid microspheres and glass powder or vaporizable silicide which is attached to the surfaces of the ceramic solid microspheres and has a phase transition temperature point according to the temperature of high-temperature flue gas to be treated. The particle size can be selected according to the temperature of the high-temperature gas and the particle size range.

And an air inlet valve is arranged on the air inlet pipeline.

And the exhaust pipeline is provided with an induced draft fan and an exhaust valve.

And a ceramic ball storage box with a feeding valve is arranged on the feeding pipeline.

The filter cylinder body is provided with a sampling hole.

And the discharge pipeline is provided with a discharge valve.

The high-temperature gas fine dust separation method adopting the device comprises the following steps:

1) firstly, an air inlet valve is opened, high-temperature flue gas enters a filter cylinder body through an air inlet pipeline, and the flue gas penetrates through composite ceramic balls filled in the filter cylinder body from one side to the other side. The glass phase on the surface of the ceramic ball is melted by the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and when the ultrafine dust in the high-temperature gas passes through the liquid glass phase to wrap the ceramic ball, the ultrafine dust is adsorbed and captured by the 'wet' glass and is deposited in the glass phase, so that the separation of the dust and the gas is completed. Opening an exhaust valve to exhaust the filtered flue gas dust from the exhaust pipeline under the action of an induced draft fan;

2) secondly, when the ceramic balls need to be replaced with new ones, the ceramic balls are controlled by a discharge valve through a discharge pipeline to enter a liquid glass wrapped ceramic ball separation zone. The separation zone has the function of preventing the adhesion phenomenon of the glass phase wrapping ceramic ball in the cooling and solidification process. The temperature of the separation zone is not less than the glass transition temperature. The separated glass phase wrapped ceramic balls enter a cooler, single glass wrapped ceramic balls are formed below a phase transition temperature point, a feeding valve is opened at the same time, and the glass phase wrapped ceramic balls enter a filter cylinder body from a ceramic ball storage box;

3) and finally, the glass-wrapped ceramic balls enter a particle detection area, the scale change condition of the ceramic balls is observed, the qualified ceramic balls are thrown into the ceramic ball storage box again for recycling, the unqualified ceramic balls enter a ceramic ball regeneration area through a discharge pipeline, a high-temperature centrifugal separation is carried out to obtain a glass phase and pure ceramic balls, the valuable part in the glass phase is enriched and recovered, and otherwise, the solid waste is treated.

And 2) judging the viscosity condition of the ceramic balls in the filter cylinder body by sampling from the sampling holes at regular intervals, and really judging whether to replace new ceramic balls.

On the basis of high-temperature ceramic ball dust removal, the invention combines the dynamic continuous characteristics of the ceramic microspheres and the high dust capture rate of wet dust removal, and takes the advantages of the ceramic microspheres and the wet dust removal. Firstly, the high capture rate of the high-temperature flue gas ultrafine dust is improved; secondly, the temperature drop of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced, and conditions are created for utilizing high-heat-value energy; thirdly, the high-temperature abrasion of the ceramic is reduced, the service life of the ceramic material is prolonged, and the stability and reliability of the dust removal efficiency and the dust collection rate are ensured. Fourthly, the influence of the replacement of the ceramic/alloy film on the production continuity is avoided, and the dust removal operation cost is reduced.

The invention has the main advantages that:

1. high application temperature, wide temperature range and strong adaptability. By means of glass phase transition characteristics, ceramic ball filtration and wet filtration technologies are combined, and the application temperature can reach over 1000 ℃; the dust removal is carried out aiming at the gas in the full temperature range by regulating the phase transition temperature point of the glass, and the application range is wide;

2. the dust collection efficiency and the dust collection rate are high. By means of the phase change characteristics of glass, ceramic ball filtration and wet filtration technologies are combined, and the dust collection efficiency and the dust collection rate of ultrafine dust are remarkably improved;

3. the dust collection temperature is reduced, and the waste heat recovery value is high. The temperature is not required to be reduced for dust removal, and the temperature is reduced in the dust removal process, so that the recovery of high-calorific-value energy is facilitated;

4. the dust removal efficiency and the dust removal filter are stable. The dynamic continuous dust removal effectively avoids the reduction of dust collection rate of a static ceramic membrane/alloy membrane due to the change of the void dimension caused by long-term use. Meanwhile, the quality and the performance of the glass-phase wrapped ceramic balls are timely adjusted through online monitoring, and the dust removal efficiency and the dust removal rate are stable and reliable.

5. The ceramic and glass have wide sources, are easier to prepare than porous ceramic membranes/alloy membranes, and have the advantages of easy regeneration, high utilization rate and low operation cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

in the figure, 1, an air inlet pipeline; 2. a ceramic ball storage box; 3. a feed valve; 4. a feed conduit; 5. a filter cylinder (the interior of which is filled with composite ceramic balls); 6. an induced draft fan; 7. an exhaust duct; 8. a sampling hole; 9. a discharge duct; 10. a discharge valve; 11. liquid glass wraps the ceramic ball separation zone; 12. a cooler; 13. a particle detection zone; 14. a discharge duct; 15. a ceramic ball regeneration zone; 16. an intake valve; 17. an exhaust valve.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the device of the invention comprises a filter cylinder body 5 with composite ceramic balls arranged inside, an air inlet pipeline 1 with an air inlet valve 16 is communicated with one side of the filter cylinder body, an air outlet pipeline 7 with a draught fan 6 and an air outlet valve 17 is communicated with the other side of the filter cylinder body, a ceramic ball feeding pipeline 4 and a discharging pipeline 9 with a discharging valve 10 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the filter cylinder body 5, a ceramic ball storage box 2 with a feeding valve 3 is arranged on the feeding pipeline 4, a liquid glass coated ceramic ball separation zone 11, a cooler 12 and a particle detection zone 13 are sequentially communicated with the lower end of the discharging pipeline 9 of the filter cylinder body 5, and the particle detection zone 13 is also connected with a ceramic ball regeneration zone 15 through the discharging pipeline.

The composite ceramic ball consists of 10-100 mu m ceramic solid microspheres and glass powder or vaporizable silicide which is attached to the surfaces of the ceramic solid microspheres and has a phase transition temperature point according to the temperature of high-temperature flue gas to be treated.

The composite ceramic ball of the invention is prepared as follows:

1. preparing 10-100 mu m ceramic solid microspheres by using domestic bauxite as a raw material and adopting a centrifugal spray granulation method and a secondary sintering process;

2. designing glass powder/liquefiable silicide of corresponding phase change temperature points according to the temperature range of the high-temperature flue gas;

3. and selecting different ceramic ball coating processes to prepare the glass phase-coated ceramic ball according to the state and the characteristics of the phase-change glass material. For example, for the glass powder, a method of rolling and coating a heated ceramic ball in the glass powder can be adopted; for vaporizable SiCl₄As a raw material, a chemical vapor deposition technique can be carried out; it can also adopt thermal spraying coating technology to produce SiO with different proportion₂、Na₂O、CaO、Al₂O₃MgO is used as a raw material, and plasma spraying is carried out on the surface of the ceramic microsphere to form a compact coating.

4. And (5) measuring the size and the fluidity of the ceramic ball wrapped by the phase-change material. Placing qualified wrapped ceramic balls in a ceramic microsphere storage box of a feeding bin for later use;

5. high-temperature flue gas enters from the gas inlet pipeline, a feeding valve at a feeding position is opened, and the wrapping ball enters the high-temperature gas filter cylinder body under the action of gravity; the descending speed of the ceramic balls in the filter cylinder is controlled by regulating and controlling a discharge pipeline and a valve. During the slow descending, the glass phase on the surface of the ceramic ball is heated and melted, but under the action of the surface energy and wettability of the ceramic ball, the glass phase is naturally adhered to the surface of the ceramic ball; when the ultrafine dust in the high-temperature gas passes through the wrapped ceramic balls, the ultrafine dust is adsorbed and captured by the wet glass and deposited in a glass phase, a draught fan positioned in an exhaust pipeline regulates and controls the flow speed of the high-temperature smoke passing through the filter, and finally the filtered gas is discharged from the exhaust pipeline to finish primary dust removal operation;

6. with the continuous discharge of the discharge valve at the lower part of the filter layer, the wrapped ceramic balls carrying the ultrafine dust leave the high-temperature area and are cooled in the downward process. Because the thickness of the glass phase on the surface of the wrapped ceramic ball is limited, and the wettability, the dynamic property and the control of the cooling process are added, the mutual adhesion of most wrapped balls can be avoided;

7. the wrapped ceramic balls carrying the ultrafine dust enter a particle detection area to be screened on line, and a small amount of adhered balls and balls reduced in diameter due to abrasion and corrosion are separated; the rest spheres enter a circulating system for reuse;

8. sampling and testing the viscosity of the ceramic wrapping phase at regular intervals, and continuously replacing a new ball on line when the viscosity is reduced to a certain degree, and maintaining the continuous operation of a system; and (3) carrying out high-speed centrifugation on the glass-wrapped ceramic balls carrying excessive dust at a phase transition temperature point to realize the separation of the glass and the ceramic balls. The valuable part of the thrown-off glass phase is enriched again, and is treated by solid waste.

The method for separating ultrafine dust in high-temperature gas by adopting the phase-change material adsorption strengthening device comprises the following steps:

1) firstly, an air inlet valve 16 is opened, high-temperature flue gas enters a filter cylinder 5 through an air inlet pipeline 1, the flue gas flows from one side to the other side and passes through composite ceramic balls filled in the filter cylinder 5, the surface glass phase of the ceramic balls is melted by the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and when ultrafine dust in the high-temperature gas passes through the wrapped ceramic balls, the ultrafine dust is adsorbed and captured by 'wet' glass and deposited in the glass phase, so that the dust content in the flue gas is gradually reduced, and the filtered flue gas dust is discharged from an exhaust pipeline 7 by opening an exhaust valve 17 under the action of an induced draft fan 6;

2) secondly, the viscosity condition of the ceramic balls in the filter cylinder 5 is judged by sampling from the sampling hole 8 regularly, whether new ceramic balls are really replaced or not is judged, when the new ceramic balls need to be replaced, the ceramic balls are controlled to enter the liquid glass coated ceramic ball separation area 11 through the discharge valve 10 through the discharge pipeline 9, the temperature in a low temperature area cannot be lower than the glass phase transition temperature at the moment, the ceramic balls of the liquid glass on the surface are divided and connected, the ceramic balls are processed to be below the phase transition temperature through the cooler 12 to form single glass coated ceramic balls, meanwhile, the feeding valve 3 is opened, and the composite ceramic balls enter the filter cylinder from the ceramic ball storage box 2;

3) and finally, the glass-wrapped ceramic balls enter a particle detection area 13, the scale change condition of the ceramic balls is observed, the qualified ceramic balls are thrown into a ceramic ball storage box again for recycling, the unqualified ceramic balls enter a ceramic ball regeneration area 15 through a discharge pipeline 14, a high-temperature centrifugal separation is carried out to obtain a glass phase and pure ceramic balls, the valuable part in the glass phase is enriched again, and otherwise, the solid waste is treated.

According to the advantage of high wet dust removal efficiency, the invention overcomes the limitations of low temperature and large water consumption of the environment for wet dust removal of the aqueous medium by utilizing the high-temperature phase change of the phase-change material and the controllable characteristic of the phase-change temperature point, and combines the ceramic microsphere dust removal technology with the high-temperature phase-change material and the controllable characteristic of the water medium, thereby realizing the win-win of high gas dust removal temperature and high efficiency. The technology has the following advantages: (1) the advantages of wet dust removal and a porous ceramic filter are combined, the dust removal capacity is improved, and the high collection efficiency of more than 99% is achieved for particles with the particle size of more than 0.1 mu m. (2) The glass phase change material on the surface of the ceramic microsphere can also be used as a protective layer to buffer thermal shock and abrasion of high-temperature and high-pressure gas to the ceramic microsphere and the whole equipment, so that the service life of the whole equipment is prolonged. (3) Different surface glass phase materials are designed aiming at different temperature service environments, so that the equipment can meet various environments and use conditions. (4) The ceramic microsphere film layer structure capable of being dynamically updated can reduce investment while selecting corresponding service film layers according to different use conditions to achieve efficiency maximization. (5) The ceramic balls have high hardness, are convenient to transport and reuse, and can remove dust settled among the ceramic balls through gas back flushing and recover the air permeability of the ball layer, so that equipment can stably and reliably run for a long time, and the stability of a dust removal process is ensured.

Generally, the invention not only has high-efficiency adsorption and filtration efficiency for fine dust particles in high-temperature flue gas, but also solves the problems of low service life and high cost caused by abrasion and corrosion of ceramic membranes in the porous ceramic filtration method. And the adsorption and capture of ultrafine dust are strengthened by utilizing the high-temperature phase change characteristics of the glass and the controllable characteristics of phase change temperature points, so that the dust collection rate and the dust collection efficiency are improved.