阅读说明：本技术 一种曝气式固液态滩涂有机肥、制备方法及发酵装置 (Aeration type solid-liquid state beach organic fertilizer, preparation method and fermentation device ) 是由 周晗璐 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种曝气式固液态滩涂有机肥,所述有机肥以秸秆、EM原液生物菌剂、木屑和谷糠粉为原料制备而成。本发明还提供一种曝气式固液态滩涂有机肥的制备方法,其发酵装置采用旋流曝气式搅拌,使秸秆颗粒(固)、EM菌液(液)、空气(气)充分接触反应彻底,大大缩短了发酵周期、增加了发酵产物的养分含量,从理化角度提升秸秆基生物质有机肥的制备效率和质量；资源化利用秸秆,使其发酵成液态有机肥和固态有机肥,既能减少秸秆焚烧造成的环境污染,又能提高滩涂的有机质含量,有利于发展绿色农业,促进农业的可持续发展。(The invention discloses an aerated solid-liquid intertidal organic fertilizer which is prepared from straw, EM stock solution biological agent, wood dust and bran powder. The invention also provides a preparation method of the aeration type solid-liquid intertidal organic fertilizer, wherein a fermentation device adopts rotational flow aeration type stirring to ensure that straw particles (solid), EM bacterial liquid (liquid) and air (gas) are fully contacted and reacted thoroughly, so that the fermentation period is greatly shortened, the nutrient content of a fermentation product is increased, and the preparation efficiency and the quality of the straw-based biomass organic fertilizer are improved from the physical and chemical aspects; the straws are recycled and fermented into the liquid organic fertilizer and the solid organic fertilizer, so that the environmental pollution caused by straw burning can be reduced, the organic matter content of the mudflat can be improved, the development of green agriculture is facilitated, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.)

1. An aeration type solid-liquid intertidal zone organic fertilizer is characterized in that the organic fertilizer is prepared by taking straws, EM stock solution biological agent, sawdust and bran powder as raw materials.

2. The preparation method of the aeration type solid-liquid mudflat organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) preparing straw particles: cleaning straws, naturally drying the straws in the air, drying the straws in an oven, and crushing the straws into particles of 0.2-0.5 cm by using a crusher;

2) fermentation: adding the raw materials into a fermentation tank in proportion, adding water, keeping the water content at 50-55%, and continuously performing aerobic fermentation for 8-10 days;

3) solid organic fertilizer: and (3) filtering the liquid organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2), airing, crushing, screening, granulating, drying and cooling to prepare the solid organic fertilizer.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fermentation temperature in the step 2 is 40 to 60 ℃.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein all the treatment steps of step 3 are at a temperature of 30 to 40 ℃.

5. The fermentation device for preparing the solid-liquid intertidal organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which comprises a fermentation tank and an aeration cylinder in the fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation tank comprises a cylindrical shell, a feeding pipe positioned at the top of the shell and a discharging pipe positioned below the side of the shell, the top of the shell is provided with a constant-pressure exhaust valve and a safety valve, and a constant-temperature water bath pipe is arranged in the fermentation tank; the aeration cylinder is positioned inside the shell, a cutter is arranged inside the aeration cylinder, and the bottom of the aeration cylinder is connected with an air inlet pipe.

6. The fermentation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the cutter comprises a first cutter and a second cutter located above the first cutter, the first cutter being composed of a plurality of cutter elements, the cutter elements being in the shape of a helix twisting the rectangular plate by 180 ° into a left-handed and a right-handed shape; the two units are mutually crossed by 90 degrees and are arranged and fixed in the aeration cylinder; the second cutter is a plurality of mushroom-shaped cutting heads which are uniformly distributed in the aeration cylinder.

7. The fermentation apparatus of claim 5, wherein the central axis of the aeration cylinder coincides with the central axis of symmetry of the fermentation tank.

8. The fermentation apparatus of claim 5, wherein the nozzle of the discharge pipe is provided with a filter screen.

9. The fermenter according to claim 5, wherein the diameter of the air inlet pipe is 25-35 mm.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation and application of straw-based organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to an aerated solid-liquid beach organic fertilizer, a preparation method and a fermentation device.

Background

The existing tidal flat area of China is more than 350 million hectares, the tidal flat area of Jiangsu coastal area is about 68.7 million hectares, and the tidal flat resource still silt to the east at a speed of 50-200 meters every year, and the tidal flat resource in the wide range is the most potential and valuable land reserve resource in the eastern region of China. Therefore, the coastal beach land is rapidly improved, developed and utilized, and has irreplaceable effects of supplementing the shortage of cultivated land resources in China and ensuring national food safety. However, coastal mudflat soil has high salt content, insufficient organic matters and poor fertility, and becomes a main reason for limiting agricultural production.

The main method for improving the mudflat at present is to return straws to the field, and is a technology for applying straws (corn straws, sorghum straws and the like) which are not suitable for being directly used as feed into soil directly or after being piled up and decomposed. As the straws contain rich organic matters and N, P, K and other elements with larger content, the organic matters in the saline-alkali soil can be improved, the growth condition of saline-alkali crops can be improved, the yield of the crops can be improved, the water retention capacity of the saline-alkali soil can be enhanced, and the soil aggregation process can be promoted. However, the process is slow, and if the method is improper, the soil germs are increased, the crop diseases are aggravated, and the seedlings are deficient and stiff.

In the prior art, straws are used as a substrate to prepare a solid-liquid organic fertilizer, the straws are generally kept still in a closed environment to be fermented, the fermentation mode is low in efficiency, and partial straws cannot be effectively fermented, for example, in patent CN113200803A, raw materials are treated and then mixed and fermented, the primary fermentation lasts for 15 days, the secondary fermentation lasts for 18 days, mechanical throwing is carried out for one time, the fermentation time is long, and the mechanical stirring and mixing effect is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the problems of low fermentation efficiency and the like of the prior art for preparing the straw organic fertilizer, integrates a preparation method of a solid-liquid organic fertilizer by taking straws as a matrix, designs an aeration type solid-liquid organic fertilizer fermentation system for improving organic matters on mudflats, fully recycles the straws, overcomes the defect of direct returning of the straws to the field, and effectively solves the problems of long fermentation period, poor mechanical stirring and mixing effects and the like of the traditional organic fertilizer preparation process.

The technical scheme is as follows:

the invention provides an aerated solid-liquid intertidal organic fertilizer which is prepared from straw, EM stock solution biological agent, wood dust and bran powder.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the aeration type solid-liquid state beach organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

1) preparing straw particles: cleaning straws, naturally drying the straws in the air, drying the straws in an oven, and crushing the straws into particles of 0.2-0.5 cm by using a crusher;

2) fermentation: adding the raw materials into a fermentation tank in proportion, adding water, keeping the water content at 50-55%, and continuously performing aerobic fermentation for 8-10 days;

3) solid organic fertilizer: and (3) filtering the liquid organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2), airing, crushing, screening, granulating, drying and cooling to prepare the solid organic fertilizer.

Further, the fermentation temperature of the step 2 is 40-60 ℃.

Further, all the treatment steps of the step 3 are at the temperature of 30-40 ℃.

The invention also provides a fermentation device of the solid-liquid tidal flat organic fertilizer, which comprises a fermentation tank and an aeration barrel in the fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation tank comprises a cylindrical shell, a feeding pipe positioned at the top of the shell and a discharging pipe positioned below the side of the shell, the top of the shell is provided with a constant-pressure exhaust valve and a safety valve, and a constant-temperature water bath pipe is arranged in the fermentation tank; the aeration cylinder is positioned inside the shell, a cutter is arranged inside the aeration cylinder, and the bottom of the aeration cylinder is connected with an air inlet pipe.

The exhaust valve is used for exhausting gas generated in the fermentation process and part of air entering through aeration, and the exhaust valve is automatically opened when the pressure stored in the fermentation tank reaches a set value (0.1-0.5 MPa); the safety valve further ensures the safety of the equipment and prevents the equipment from exploding due to overlarge pressure.

Liquid with constant temperature is filled in the constant-temperature water bath tube, the temperature of the fermentation tank is guaranteed to be maintained at the optimum growth temperature of 40-60 ℃ of bacterial colonies, and rapid propagation of the bacterial colonies is realized. Meanwhile, the liquid in the constant-temperature water bath pipe can be set according to the air temperature and the environmental temperature as required, so that the stable propagation and fermentation temperature can be ensured to be provided at different stages of flora propagation, and the rapid propagation process of flora is further accelerated.

Further, the cutter comprises a first cutter and a second cutter positioned above the first cutter, the first cutter is composed of a plurality of cutting element sub-units, and the cutting element sub-units are in a spiral shape of twisting the rectangular plate for 180 degrees and are divided into a left-handed rotation and a right-handed rotation; the two units are mutually crossed by 90 degrees and are arranged and fixed in the aeration cylinder; the second cutter is a plurality of mushroom-shaped cutting heads which are uniformly distributed in the aeration cylinder.

Furthermore, the central axis of the aeration cylinder coincides with the central symmetry axis of the fermentation tank.

Furthermore, a filter screen is installed at the mouth of pipe of discharging pipe for the separation of liquid fertilizer and solid organic fertilizer semi-finished products.

Furthermore, the caliber of the air inlet pipe is 25-35mm, so that the air with the specific gravity far smaller than that of water can rise with strong momentum.

Has the advantages that:

the EM bacterial liquid is added into the solid-liquid mudflat organic fertilizer, so that the serious conditions of pesticide residue, soil pollution and water body pollution caused by the excessive dependence on inorganic chemistry of the traditional agriculture are changed, and the water retention and the fertility of the soil are improved;

the fermentation device adopts rotational flow aeration type stirring, so that straw particles (solid), EM bacterial liquid (liquid) and air (gas) are fully contacted and reacted thoroughly, the fermentation period is greatly shortened, the nutrient content of a fermentation product is increased, and the preparation efficiency and quality of the straw-based biomass organic fertilizer are improved from the physical and chemical aspects; the straws are recycled and fermented into the liquid organic fertilizer and the solid organic fertilizer, so that the environmental pollution caused by straw burning can be reduced, the organic matter content of the mudflat can be improved, the development of green agriculture is facilitated, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fermentation apparatus of the present invention.

Labeled as: comprises a shell 1, a fermentation tank 2, a feeding pipe 3, a discharging pipe 4, a constant pressure exhaust valve 5, a safety valve 6, a power knob 7, a constant temperature water bath pipe 8, an air inlet pipe 9, an aeration cylinder 10, a first cutter 11 and a second cutter 12.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, the fermentation device for the solid-liquid state beach organic fertilizer comprises a fermentation tank 2 and an aeration cylinder 10 in the fermentation tank 2, wherein the fermentation tank 2 comprises a cylindrical shell 1, a feeding pipe 3 positioned at the top of the shell 1 and a discharging pipe 4 positioned below the side of the shell 1, a constant-pressure exhaust valve 5 and a safety valve 6 are arranged at the top of the shell 1, and a constant-temperature water bath pipe 8 is arranged in the fermentation tank 2; the aeration cylinder 10 is positioned in the shell 1, a cutter is arranged in the aeration cylinder 10, and the bottom of the aeration cylinder is connected with an air inlet pipe 9. The central axis of the aeration cylinder 10 is coincident with the central symmetry axis of the fermentation tank 2.

The constant pressure exhaust valve 5 is used for exhausting gas generated in the fermentation process and part of air entering through aeration, and automatically opens for exhausting when the pressure stored in the fermentation tank reaches a set value (0.1-0.5 MPa); the safety valve 6 further ensures the safety of the equipment and prevents the equipment from exploding due to overlarge pressure.

Liquid with constant temperature is filled in the constant-temperature water bath pipe 8, the temperature of the fermentation tank is guaranteed to be maintained at the optimum growth temperature of 40-60 ℃ of bacterial colonies, and rapid propagation of the bacterial colonies is achieved. Meanwhile, the liquid in the constant-temperature water bath pipe can be set according to the air temperature and the environmental temperature as required, so that the stable propagation and fermentation temperature can be ensured to be provided at different stages of flora propagation, and the rapid propagation process of flora is further accelerated.

The cutter comprises a first cutter 11 and a second cutter 12 positioned above the first cutter 11, wherein the first cutter 11 is composed of a plurality of cutting element sub-units, and the cutting element sub-units are in a spiral shape of twisting a rectangular plate by 180 degrees and are divided into a left-handed rotation and a right-handed rotation; the two units are mutually crossed by 90 degrees and are arranged and fixed in the aeration cylinder; the second cutter 12 is a plurality of mushroom-shaped cutting heads uniformly distributed in the aeration cylinder. A filter screen is arranged at the pipe orifice of the discharge pipe 4 and is used for separating semi-finished products of liquid organic fertilizer and solid organic fertilizer.

Example 2 method for preparing solid-liquid state intertidal organic fertilizer by using fermentation equipment

1) Preparing straw particles: cleaning straws, naturally drying the straws in the air, drying the straws in an oven, and crushing the straws into particles of 0.2-0.5 cm by using a crusher;

2) fermentation: adding 80-90 parts by mass of straw particles obtained in the first step, 1 part by mass of EM stock solution biological agent, 5 parts by mass of sawdust and 5 parts by mass of bran powder into a fermentation tank 2 from a feeding pipe 3 of a fermentation device, and adding water to keep the water content at 50% -55% to obtain a solid-liquid mixture of straw, EM bacteria and the like;

liquid with constant temperature is filled in the constant-temperature water bath pipe 8 in the shell 1, the temperature of the fermentation tank 2 is guaranteed to be maintained at the optimum growth temperature of the EM strain of 40-60 ℃, and rapid propagation of the EM strain is realized. The feed pipe 3 and the discharge pipe 4 are sealed by cover bodies.

The power knob 7 is pressed down to enable the air blower to start to operate, the power knob 7 is rotated to control the working power of the air blower, air enters the bottom of the aeration cylinder 10 from the large-caliber air inlet pipe 9, strong negative pressure is generated in the aeration cylinder 10, and solid-liquid mixture with air volume being about 1.5 times is sucked into the aeration cylinder 10, so that first-time efficient mixing is achieved. The air flow is accelerated and revolved upwards along the aeration cylinder 10 to form a spiral flow effect, and due to the air stripping effect, solid (straw particles), liquid (EM bacterial liquid) and gas (air) circularly flow inside and outside the aeration cylinder 10 (the dotted line with an arrow in figure 1 shows the circulation process). In the process of rising the solid-liquid gas, the solid-liquid gas is collided and cut for many times by the first cutter 11 and the second cutter 12 in the aeration cylinder 10, so that the second and third high-efficiency mixing is realized, a large amount of ultramicro bubbles are formed, and the oxygen is forcedly dissolved in the EM bacterial liquid. The strong circulating water flow enables part of small bubbles and water flow to return to the bottom of the fermentation tank, so that no oxygen-filling blind area exists in the whole fermentation tank 2, the contact area of oxygen, EM (effective microorganisms) and straw particles is greatly increased, on one hand, the reaction is more thorough, and on the other hand, the fermentation period is greatly shortened.

And continuously carrying out aerobic fermentation for 8-10 days. During the fermentation process, a large amount of gas, such as CO, is produced_２And the pressure in the fermentation tank is rapidly increased, in order to ensure the safety of equipment, the constant-pressure exhaust valve 5 can exhaust gas generated in the fermentation process and part of air entering through aeration, and the exhaust is automatically opened when the pressure storage in the fermentation tank 2 reaches a set value (0.1-0.5 MPa).

3) Solid organic fertilizer: and (3) filtering the liquid organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) through a discharge pipe 4, taking out a semi-mature product of the solid organic fertilizer, and airing, crushing, screening, granulating, drying and cooling to prepare the solid organic fertilizer. In order to better facilitate the propagation and survival of microorganisms, the temperature of the step 3 is 35 ℃.

In particular, the aeration type solid-liquid organic fertilizer fermentation device designed by the invention is not limited to aerobic fermentation, and can realize anaerobic fermentation of fertilizers when CO2, N2 and the like are introduced.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.