阅读说明：本技术 一种铝电解槽智能打壳控制方法 (Intelligent crust breaking control method for aluminum electrolytic cell ) 是由 陶绍虎 刘保卫 丁晗宁 成宇峰 曹哲铭 于 2020-06-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种打壳控制方法,尤其涉及一种铝电解领域的铝电解槽智能打壳控制方法。控制箱接收打壳气缸电压信号,控制箱根据电压信号判断下料点的状态,控制箱再向电磁阀输出控制信号,控制打壳气缸进行动作。所述的下料点的状态为当检测到的电压信号超过2500mV时,气缸立即收回,防止锤头粘包；控制箱采集不到电压信号时,判断为下料口发生了堵料现象；控制箱连续两次采集的电压信号均大于3000 mV时,判断为下料点发生了卡料现象；控制箱采集到的电压信号高于6000 mV时,判断为阳极效应已经发生。本发明的优点效果：本发明通过电压信号识别下料口的畅通情况,对卡、堵的现象增加打壳次数,保证火眼的畅通率,使得氧化铝能够有效的溶解和扩散,提高电解槽的稳定性。(The invention relates to a crust breaking control method, in particular to an intelligent crust breaking control method for an aluminum electrolysis cell in the field of aluminum electrolysis. The control box receives the voltage signal of the crust breaking cylinder, judges the state of the blanking point according to the voltage signal, and then outputs a control signal to the electromagnetic valve to control the crust breaking cylinder to act. The state of the blanking point is that when the detected voltage signal exceeds 2500mV, the cylinder is immediately retracted to prevent the hammer head from sticking a bag; when the control box cannot acquire the voltage signal, judging that the blanking port has a material blocking phenomenon; when the voltage signals acquired by the control box for two times are both more than 3000mV, judging that the material blocking phenomenon occurs at the discharging point; and when the voltage signal collected by the control box is higher than 6000mV, judging that the anode effect has occurred. The invention has the advantages and effects that: the invention identifies the unblocked situation of the feed opening through the voltage signal, increases the crust breaking times for the phenomena of blocking and blocking, ensures the unblocked rate of the fire hole, enables the aluminum oxide to be effectively dissolved and diffused, and improves the stability of the electrolytic cell.)

1. An intelligent crust breaking control method for an aluminum electrolytic cell is characterized in that a control box receives a voltage signal of a crust breaking cylinder, the control box judges the state of a blanking point according to the voltage signal, and then outputs a control signal to an electromagnetic valve to control a crust breaking hammer head of the crust breaking cylinder to act.

2. The intelligent crust breaking control method for the aluminum electrolytic cell as recited in claim 1, wherein the state of the blanking point is that when the detected voltage signal exceeds 2500mV, the cylinder is immediately retracted to prevent the hammer head from sticking a package; when the control box cannot acquire the voltage signal, judging that the blanking port has a material blocking phenomenon; when the voltage signals acquired by the control box for two times are both more than 3000mV, judging that the material blocking phenomenon occurs at the discharging point; and when the voltage signal collected by the control box is higher than 6000mV, judging that the anode effect has occurred.

3. An intelligent crust breaking control method for an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 2, wherein when the control box cannot acquire a voltage signal, the control box processes the blocked material and increases crust breaking once, and if the voltage signal is not detected, the control box gives an alarm and manual intervention is performed on site.

4. The intelligent crust breaking control method for the aluminum electrolytic cell as recited in claim 2, wherein when the signals acquired by the control box twice continuously are both greater than 3000mV, the control box processes the blocking material and continuously increases crust breaking twice, and if the situation is not solved, the control box alarms and performs manual intervention on site.

5. The intelligent crust breaking control method for the aluminum electrolytic cell as recited in claim 2, wherein when the voltage signal collected by the control box is higher than 6000mV, the control box processes the anode effect and continuously increases crust breaking twice, and if the problem is not solved, the control box alarms and performs manual intervention on site.

6. The intelligent crust breaking control method for the aluminum electrolytic cell as recited in claim 1, wherein the length of the crust breaking hammer head is judged by recording the time of the crust breaking hammer head contacting the electrolyte in the downward movement process, and whether the crust breaking hammer head needs to be replaced is judged.

7. The intelligent crust breaking control method for the aluminum electrolytic cell as recited in claim 6, wherein the crust breaking hammer needs to be replaced if the time of the crust breaking hammer contacting the electrolyte in the downward movement process is longer than a specified value.

8. The intelligent crust breaking control method for the aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the steps of performing crust breaking once and performing next two times when the opening rate of a fire hole is higher than 95%; the opening rate of the fire hole is lower than 60%, two times of shelling are carried out, and the next time of material preparation is carried out.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a crust breaking control method, in particular to an intelligent crust breaking control method for an aluminum electrolysis cell in the field of aluminum electrolysis.

Background

The aluminum electrolysis industry adopts a large pre-baking tank to carry out electrolysis production, aluminum oxide is fed under the control of a tank controller, a crust breaking cylinder carries out full-stroke crust breaking before feeding, and feeding is started after crust breaking. When the crust-breaking hammer head repeatedly moves up and down, the electrolyte is solidified on the crust-breaking hammer head to form electrolyte adhesion, and the electrolyte can grow up gradually to form a sticky bag, when the sticky bag is larger, the crust-breaking action of the crust-breaking head can be blocked, the bad effect that materials cannot well enter the electrolyte can be caused, and the electrolytic production process is seriously influenced. The fixed cylinder full stroke mode has great defects, not only shortens the service life of the hammer head, but also causes unsmooth blanking and frequent anode effect. The anode effect increases the secondary reaction of aluminum and the consumption of villiaumite, greatly increases the probability and labor intensity of manual crust breaking, and a workshop is provided with a large number of crust breaking and inspection personnel, thereby influencing the production efficiency and increasing the safety production burden of enterprises. The crust breaking cylinder becomes a consumable due to the limitation of high temperature and the prior process flow, and the damage rate of the cylinder is high. On the other hand, the normal crust breaking and blanking operations of the electrolytic cell are seriously influenced, the concentration of the alumina is easily unbalanced, and the efficiency is lost. Therefore, how to prevent the smooth crust breaking and the sticking of the crust breaking hammer head is a key factor for realizing the good control of the materials of the aluminum electrolytic cell.

At present, a lot of research is done on the research and development of crust breaking systems in China, the forms are various, the purposes are clear, and the crust breaking systems are mainly divided into the following categories: 1) the intelligent crust breaking system proposed in patent CN108330509A is characterized in that a displacement sensor capable of detecting the movement stroke of the cylinder is arranged on the cylinder to control the stroke of the cylinder, the system is also provided with a crust detection device and a hydraulic detection device, the displacement sensor, the crust detection device and the liquid level detection device are respectively connected with a control unit, and intelligent crust breaking is realized in a three-way combination manner; 2) patent CN108396336A discloses an anti-sticking method for electrolytic cell crust breaking head, which depends on a heat transfer structure arranged inside the crust breaking head in the process of driving the crust breaking head to move up and down when the crust breaking head works, so that the heat conducted when the crust breaking head contacts with electrolyte is transferred to the tail of the crust breaking head and is dissipated to the outside more quickly, and after the crust breaking head rises and breaks away from the electrolyte solution, the electrolyte with the adhered head is solidified and broken after the temperature of the electrolyte is reduced, and the electrolyte falls back to the electrolytic cell. The heat transfer structure arranged in the crust breaking head transfers the heat of the head of the crust breaking head to the tail of the crust breaking head, so that the head is rapidly cooled after the crust breaking head rises, the electrolyte adhered to the crust breaking head is solidified and shrunk to be broken and falls back into the electrolytic bath, and the generation of package sticking is avoided; 3) patent CN204661838U discloses a novel anti-stick crust breaking device for aluminum electrolysis, which comprises a crust breaking cylinder and a crust breaking hammer head, wherein the crust breaking cylinder is provided with a cylinder rod; the anti-package-sticking crust breaking device for aluminum electrolysis further comprises a crust breaking transmission device fixedly installed between the crust breaking cylinder and the crust breaking hammer head, and the transmission device comprises a directional push rod, a guide sleeve, a steering rod and a reset spring. The device can rotate when the crust breaking hammer breaks crust and recovers, so that sticky packages are effectively avoided and removed; 4) patent CN2017062391U relates to an electric signal acquisition device that is used for aluminium electrolysis feed opening state detection and intelligent crust breaking of aluminium electroloysis automatic control process. The upper end is fixedly connected to the flange of the cylinder body, and the lower end is in contact connection with the piston guide rod. The device is arranged on the cylinder body, a stable and reliable passage is formed between the cylinder body and the piston guide rod, stable transmission of electric signals is guaranteed, the device does not move along with the hammer head, the device is always in contact with the chromium-plated piston guide rod in an elastic point contact mode, the piston guide rod is not damaged by mutual friction, the service life of the cylinder is not influenced, and therefore the generation of package sticking is prevented; patent CN105256335A is similar with above-mentioned patent principle, and its characterized in that through the feedback signal of crust breaking that detects every tup, judges whether this tup breaks the shell face, makes the shell face process no longer be blind full stroke state, and the control tup promotes rapidly after the shell face is broken, breaks away from the electrolysis trough, shortens the tup heated time, avoids the tup to be ablated and damaged, increase of service life.

Although many researches for meeting the requirement of preventing the crust breaking hammer from adhering to the bag are carried out according to the existing documents and reports, and the requirement of preventing the crust breaking hammer from adhering to the bag can be basically met, the methods have the defects of higher cost, additional equipment and the like, low economy, more complicated maintenance and poor functionality.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an intelligent crust breaking control method for an aluminum electrolytic cell, aiming at reducing the phenomenon that a hammerhead is stuck by a bag, reducing the labor intensity of workers and prolonging the service life of the air cylinder hammerhead.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an intelligent crust breaking control method for an aluminum electrolytic cell.

The state of the blanking point is that when the detected voltage signal exceeds 2500mV, the cylinder is immediately retracted to prevent the hammer head from sticking a bag; when the control box cannot acquire the voltage signal, judging that the blanking port has a material blocking phenomenon; when the voltage signals acquired by the control box for two times are both more than 3000mV, judging that the material blocking phenomenon occurs at the discharging point; and when the voltage signal collected by the control box is higher than 6000mV, judging that the anode effect has occurred.

When the control box can not collect the voltage signal, the control box needs to process the putty, and the shell breaking is added once, if the voltage signal is not detected, the control box gives an alarm, and manual intervention is needed on site.

When the signals acquired by the control box for two times are greater than 3000mV, the control box processes the card, shells are continuously broken for two times, if the situation is not solved, the control box alarms, and manual intervention is performed on the site.

When the voltage signal collected by the control box is higher than 6000mV, the control box processes the anode effect, crust breaking is continuously added twice, if the problem is not solved, the control box alarms, and manual intervention is performed on the site.

The length of the crust breaking hammer head is judged by recording the time of the crust breaking hammer head contacting with the electrolyte in the downward movement process, and whether the crust breaking hammer head needs to be replaced or not is judged.

And if the time for contacting the electrolyte in the downward movement process of the crust breaking hammer is greater than a specified value, the crust breaking hammer needs to be replaced.

An intelligent crust breaking control method for an aluminum electrolytic cell further comprises the steps that the opening rate of a fire hole is higher than 95%, one-time crust breaking is carried out, and two-time materials are fed next; the opening rate of the fire hole is lower than 60%, two times of shelling are carried out, and the next time of material preparation is carried out.

The invention has the advantages and effects that: the smooth condition of the feed opening is identified through the voltage signal, so that the number of times of crust breaking is increased for the phenomena of blocking and blocking, the smooth rate of fire holes is ensured, the aluminum oxide can be effectively dissolved and diffused, and the stability of the electrolytic cell is improved; the problem of bag sticking in the cylinder crust breaking process is effectively solved, and the use amount of compressed air is saved; the occurrence of anode effect can be detected and preprocessed; the blanking point blocking and blocking phenomena which cannot be automatically solved can start an alarm function; the purposes of improving the current efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of aluminum per ton are achieved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a control schematic of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a control box; 2. an electromagnetic valve; 3. a crust breaking cylinder; 4. a hammer head; 5. voltage signal acquisition device.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments.

As shown in the figure, the intelligent crust breaking control method for the aluminum electrolytic cell comprises the steps that a control box 1 receives a voltage signal of a crust breaking cylinder 3, the control box 1 judges the state of a blanking point according to the voltage signal, and the control box 1 outputs a control signal to an electromagnetic valve 2 to control the crust breaking cylinder to act. Control box 1 installs in the below or the side of flue end cell-controlled machine, and with the separation of cell-controlled system, crust breaking cylinder 3 is connected to voltage signal collection device 5's cable positive pole, and the negative pole is connected on the big bus of negative pole, and voltage signal collection device 5's cable positive pole and negative pole all insert in control box 1, and when crust breaking cylinder tup 4 contacted electrolyte upper surface, tup 4 formed effective return circuit with the big bus of negative pole, and control box 1 can detect voltage signal.

The state of the blanking point is that when the detected voltage signal exceeds 2500mV, the cylinder is immediately retracted to prevent the hammer head from sticking a bag; when the control box cannot acquire the voltage signal, judging that the blanking port has a material blocking phenomenon; when the voltage signals acquired by the control box for two times are both more than 3000mV, judging that the material blocking phenomenon occurs at the discharging point; and when the voltage signal collected by the control box is higher than 6000mV, judging that the anode effect has occurred.

When the control box can not collect the voltage signal, the control box needs to process the putty, and the shell breaking is added once, if the voltage signal is not detected, the control box gives an alarm, and manual intervention is needed on site.

When the signals acquired by the control box for two times are greater than 3000mV, the control box processes the card, shells are continuously broken for two times, if the situation is not solved, the control box alarms, and manual intervention is performed on the site.

When the voltage signal collected by the control box is higher than 6000mV, the control box processes the anode effect, crust breaking is continuously added twice, if the problem is not solved, the control box alarms, and manual intervention is performed on the site.

The length of the crust breaking hammer head is judged by recording the time of the crust breaking hammer head contacting with the electrolyte in the downward movement process, and whether the crust breaking hammer head needs to be replaced or not is judged.

And if the time for contacting the electrolyte in the downward movement process of the crust breaking hammer is greater than a specified value, the crust breaking hammer needs to be replaced. If the specified value is x seconds, and the time for contacting the electrolyte in the downward movement process of the crust breaking hammer is more than x seconds, the crust breaking hammer needs to be replaced.

If the opening rate of the fire hole is higher than 95%, performing shell breaking once, and performing material breaking twice; the opening rate of the fire hole is lower than 60%, two times of shelling are carried out, and the next time of material preparation is carried out.