阅读说明：本技术 一种烤烟烟叶原料外观质量评价方法 (Flue-cured tobacco leaf raw material appearance quality evaluation method ) 是由 李福元 李彬 朱宏强 马建彬 帅红 肖振杰 李敏 崔英 赵琳 代惠娟 褚建忠 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种烤烟烟叶原料外观质量评价方法,其特征是将烤烟烟叶外观品质、等级合格率和等级纯度分别评价后,得到该批次烟叶原料外观质量综合得分,从而综合性评价烟叶的外观质量,本发明将调拨的每一批烟叶进行评价打分,使得分高的烟叶脱颖而出,有利于对后续烟叶精选、打叶复烤和次年的烟叶生产进行指导,也可为工业配方使用提供参考依据。本发明将烟叶外观质量定性描述发展成为每个批次的定量分值,更直观、更科学体现批次烟叶外观质量,从多方面、多维度综合评价烟叶的外观质量,直观体现每个批次烟叶质量优劣程度,避免出现批次之间等级合格率相同则评价相同的弊端,使得混级质量整体较好与混级质量差、所混等级对整体质量影响大的批次烟叶区别开来。(The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco leaf raw material appearance quality evaluation method, which is characterized in that after the appearance quality, the grade qualification rate and the grade purity of flue-cured tobacco leaves are respectively evaluated, the comprehensive score of the appearance quality of the batch of tobacco leaf raw materials is obtained, so that the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves is comprehensively evaluated. According to the method, the qualitative description of the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves is developed into the quantitative score of each batch, the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves in each batch is embodied more visually and scientifically, the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves is evaluated comprehensively from multiple aspects and multiple dimensions, the quality grade degree of the tobacco leaves in each batch is embodied visually, the defect that the evaluation is the same when the grade qualification rate is the same between batches is avoided, and the mixed quality is better as a whole and the batch tobacco leaves with poor mixed quality and large influence of the mixed grade on the whole quality are distinguished.)

1. The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaf raw material is characterized in that after the appearance quality, the grade qualification rate and the grade purity of the flue-cured tobacco leaf are respectively evaluated, the comprehensive score of the appearance quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaf raw material of the batch is obtained, and the evaluation of the appearance quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaf comprises the following steps:

a. preparing a field sample according to the specification of quality inspection 7.1 in flue-cured tobacco GB 2635-92;

b. respectively evaluating the color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content and chromaticity of the sampled flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the evaluation indexes

After assignment, obtaining the flue-cured tobacco appearance quality evaluation score according to the following formula:

P1=ΣCi×Pi×10

p1 is the appearance quality score of the flue-cured tobacco leaf;

ci is the quantitative score of the appearance index of the ith flue-cured tobacco leaf;

pi is the relative weight of the appearance index of the ith flue-cured tobacco leaf;

the evaluation of the grade qualification rate of the flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:

a. performing on-site inspection and sampling according to the 8.2 regulation in flue-cured tobacco GB 2635-92;

b. after the sampled flue-cured tobacco leaves are graded, the percentage of the primary quantity to the total sampling quantity is the grade qualification rate of the tobacco leaves in the batch, and then the evaluation score of the grade qualification rate of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is obtained according to the following formula:

p2= grade pass rate × 100;

the evaluation of the grade purity of the flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:

a. performing field inspection and sampling on the flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the provisions in flue-cured tobacco GB 2635-92;

b. calculating the original proportion and the mixed proportion of other grades in the sample;

c. respectively calculating the actual value A and the theoretical value B of the flue-cured tobacco leaves of the allocated batch according to the proportion of each grade;

d. obtaining the grade purity evaluation score of the flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the following formula:

P3=（A/B）×100；

and (3) calculating the obtained flue-cured tobacco leaf appearance quality evaluation score P1, the flue-cured tobacco leaf grade qualification rate evaluation score P2 and the flue-cured tobacco leaf grade purity evaluation score P3 according to the following formula to obtain a flue-cured tobacco leaf batch appearance quality comprehensive score:

P=1/3ΣPi

p is the comprehensive score of the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves in the flue-cured tobacco batch;

pi is the ith score of step.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an evaluation method of appearance quality of tobacco leaf raw materials.

Background

The appearance quality of the tobacco leaves refers to the external characteristics of the tobacco leaves which can be felt and identified by the sense of people, namely, the grade quality of the tobacco leaves is finally judged by touching and observing the tobacco leaves, at present, the quality is judged nationwide by sense and experience, the appearance characteristics of the tobacco leaves have close relation with the internal quality, and generally, the appearance characteristics of the high-quality tobacco leaves are the tobacco leaves with good maturity, orange color, loose leaf structure, moderate thickness, good oil content and strong chroma. The qualitative description method is adopted, the characteristics of certain factors of the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves can be visually described, but the method has great flexibility, and the quality between different samples cannot be visually judged when the appearance quality is close to or different quality factors are good or bad. Based on the defects, when the Chinese tobacco planting division project group researches the quality of tobacco leaves in different planting areas, qualitative description is changed into quantitative scoring, a quantitative standard for evaluating the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves is established, the color, the maturity, the leaf structure, the identity, the oil content and the chromaticity of the appearance quality factors of the tobacco leaves are scored according to 10 grades, different scores are assigned to the quality factors of the tobacco leaves, the weight of each appearance index is determined, and the quality and the low of the tobacco leaves are evaluated in the form of the evaluation scores, but only the evaluation made by a single-grade tobacco leaf sample is aimed at. In the tobacco leaf raw material transferring process of the cigarette industry, a transferred tobacco leaf grade batch is used as a research object, and the tobacco leaves in the batch are not standard samples but large-cargo tobacco leaves with different grades. In order to evaluate the quality of the tobacco leaves in one batch, two key factors of grade qualification rate and grade purity of the tobacco leaves are considered in addition to evaluating the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves, and each key factor is evaluated and scored.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an evaluation method for appearance quality of tobacco leaf raw materials allocated by an industrial enterprise, which aims to solve the problems that the existing quality evaluation mainly takes qualitative description as a main part, has high flexibility, and can not intuitively judge the quality between different samples when the appearance quality is close to or different quality factors are good or bad, and the like.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, on the premise of fully considering the quality characteristics of the transferred tobacco leaf raw materials, three factors of the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves, the grade qualification rate and the grade purity of the batch of tobacco leaves are integrated, and a feasible method is adopted from different dimensions to quantify each appearance quality index, thereby achieving the effect of effectively evaluating the quality of the batch of tobacco leaf raw materials. The evaluation method is characterized in that after the appearance quality, the grade qualification rate and the grade purity of the flue-cured tobacco leaves are respectively evaluated, the comprehensive score of the appearance quality of the raw materials of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the batch is obtained, and the evaluation of the appearance quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:

a. preparing a field sample according to the specification of quality inspection 7.1 in flue-cured tobacco GB 2635-92;

b. respectively evaluating the color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content and chromaticity of the sampled flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the evaluation indexes

After assignment, obtaining the flue-cured tobacco appearance quality evaluation score according to the following formula:

P1=ΣCi×Pi×10

p1 is the appearance quality score of the flue-cured tobacco leaf;

ci is the quantitative score of the appearance index of the ith flue-cured tobacco leaf;

pi is the relative weight of the appearance index of the ith flue-cured tobacco leaf;

the evaluation of the grade qualification rate of the flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:

a. performing on-site inspection and sampling according to the 8.2 regulation in flue-cured tobacco GB 2635-92;

b. after the sampled flue-cured tobacco leaves are graded, the percentage of the primary quantity to the total sampling quantity is the grade qualification rate of the tobacco leaves in the batch, and then the evaluation score of the grade qualification rate of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is obtained according to the following formula:

p2= grade pass rate × 100;

the evaluation of the grade purity of the flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:

a. performing field inspection and sampling on the flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the provisions in flue-cured tobacco GB 2635-92;

b. calculating the original proportion and the mixed proportion of other grades in the sample;

c. respectively calculating the actual value A and the theoretical value B of the flue-cured tobacco leaves of the allocated batch according to the proportion of each grade;

d. obtaining the grade purity evaluation score of the flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the following formula:

P3=（A/B）×100；

and (3) calculating the obtained flue-cured tobacco leaf appearance quality evaluation score P1, the flue-cured tobacco leaf grade qualification rate evaluation score P2 and the flue-cured tobacco leaf grade purity evaluation score P3 according to the following formula to obtain a flue-cured tobacco leaf batch appearance quality comprehensive score:

P=1/3ΣPi

p is the comprehensive score of the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves in the flue-cured tobacco batch;

pi is the ith score of step.

The invention achieves the technical progress that: the qualitative description of the color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content and chromaticity of the tobacco leaves is changed into the quantitative description of each index by setting a score and scoring, so that the quality evaluation and the differentiation can be conveniently carried out under the condition that the quality of different grades is similar or when the quality of different quality indexes in the same grade is superior or inferior. The method comprises the steps of evaluating and scoring the grade qualification rate and the grade purity of tobacco leaves in batches besides the quality factors of the tobacco leaves, fully considering and comparing the original grade proportion (namely the qualification rate) in the dialed raw materials and the quality degrees of the quality of the tobacco leaves in different mixed grades, quantitatively scoring the grade qualification rate, introducing a grade value concept in the quantitative process of the grade purity, calculating the score of the grade purity by taking the ratio of the actual value of the mixed grade in the tobacco leaf raw materials in one batch and the theoretical value of the tobacco leaves in the batch as a reference, and scientifically and quantitatively scoring the purity of the tobacco leaves in different grades and different batches. Therefore, the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves is comprehensively evaluated, and a new way and a new method are provided for evaluating the quality of the tobacco leaves. The method can evaluate and score each batch of the tobacco leaves which are allocated, so that the tobacco leaves with high scores can be distinguished, the method is favorable for guiding the subsequent selection of the tobacco leaves, the threshing and redrying and the production of the tobacco leaves in the next year, and a reference basis can be provided for the use of an industrial formula.

Aiming at batch raw materials allocated in the tobacco industry, the comprehensive, accurate and objective appearance quality comprehensive evaluation method is explored, and the appearance quality of batch tobacco leaves is reflected in a percentage manner. The method has the advantages that the score of each batch of the transferred tobacco leaves can generate difference according to the quality, and even if different batches of the same grade are different, different scores can be obtained if the mixed grade and the quantity are different. This requires scoring from three points: according to quality evaluation, although the tobacco production quality level is obviously improved after years of tobacco production practices in China, the quality of each appearance quality factor of tobacco raw materials is changed to different degrees due to the existence of objective factors such as different natural conditions, different baking levels and the like in different years. The appearance quality evaluation method not only can express the change of the overall quality condition of different quality factors between years, but also can numerically reflect the quality degree; the grade qualification rate evaluation is mainly used for evaluating the quantity proportion of the tobacco leaves in batches according with the original grade, and evaluating the quality of the grade quality of the tobacco leaves according to the proportion of the original grade; the grade purity evaluation is to grade the quality of the mixed grade of the tobacco leaves in one batch according to the actual value of the quality and the quantity proportion of the mixed grade. The grading method provided by the invention develops qualitative description of tobacco leaf quality into quantitative score of each batch, and more intuitively and scientifically embodies the appearance quality of tobacco leaves in batches. The appearance quality of the tobacco leaves can be comprehensively evaluated from multiple aspects and multiple angles, the quality degree of the tobacco leaves in each batch can be visually shown, the defect that the evaluation is the same when the grade qualification rate is the same between batches is avoided, and the batch of tobacco leaves with better mixed quality and poor mixed quality and large influence of the mixed grade on the overall quality are distinguished.

Detailed Description

The evaluation method of the appearance quality of the tobacco leaf raw material comprises the following steps:

1. evaluation of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves

a. According to the specification of 7.1 in flue-cured tobacco GB2635-92, the quality inspection sampling quantity is 5-10 kg, the samples are uniformly extracted from all samples opened in field inspection, at least two samples are sampled from each sample (if the number of the samples opened in the inspection exceeds 40, only 40 samples are selected), 1/3 of the sample quantity is graded piece by piece according to the standard, and the tobacco leaves meeting the grade quality are the samples to be inspected;

b. respectively evaluating the color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content and chromaticity of the flue-cured tobacco leaves of the samples according to the evaluation indexes

And (3) assigning values, and replacing quality descriptors with score values respectively to enable evaluation of the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves to be more visual and accurate, wherein the evaluation standards of the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves are shown in tables 1-6 by specifically referring to research results of Chinese tobacco leaf companies and Zhengzhou tobacco institute in 2006-2010.

TABLE 1 tobacco leaf color scoring standards

Colour(s)

Orange peel

Lemon yellow

Red palm

Micro-strip blue or green

Green yellow

Variegated color

Score of

7～10

6～9

3～7

3～6

1～4

0～3

TABLE 2 tobacco maturity rating Scale

Degree of maturity	Maturation of the plant	Is well done	Well done	Undercooked	Pseudo cooking
						Score of	7～10	6～9	4～7	0～4	3～5

TABLE 3 tobacco leaf Structure Scoring Standard

Structure of the product	Loosening	Is loose	Is slightly dense	Compact
					Score of	8～10	5～8	3～5	0～3

TABLE 4 tobacco identity Scoring Standard

Identity	Medium and high grade	Is slightly thinner	Is a little thicker	Thin sheet	Is thick and thick
						Score of	7～10	4～7	4～7	0～4	0～4

TABLE 5 tobacco leaf oil content scoring standards

Oil content	Multiple purpose	Is provided with	Is slightly provided with	Chinese character shao (a Chinese character of 'shao')
					Score of	8～10	5～8	3～5	0～3

TABLE 6 tobacco leaf chroma scoring standards

Color intensity	Concentration	High strength	In	Weak (weak)	Bland taste
						Score of	8～10	6～8	4～6	2～4	0～2

The weight of the flue-cured tobacco quality evaluation index is determined by referring to the Chinese tobacco planting division (1 st edition 2010 of scientific publishing company) on the basis of data analysis, and the scoring weight of each factor of the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves is shown in table 7.

TABLE 7 scoring weights for each factor of tobacco leaf appearance quality

Index (I)	Colour(s)	Degree of maturity	Blade structure	Identity	Oil content	Color intensity
							Weight of	0.30	0.25	0.15	0.12	0.10	0.08

According to the evaluation index scoring standard and the scoring weight of the tobacco leaves, calculating the evaluation score of the appearance quality of the batch of flue-cured tobacco according to the following formula (the result keeps 2 decimal places):

P1=ΣCi×Pi×10

p1 is the appearance quality score of the flue-cured tobacco leaf;

ci is the quantitative score of the appearance index of the ith flue-cured tobacco leaf;

pi is the relative weight of the appearance index of the ith flue-cured tobacco leaf;

the evaluation process of the appearance quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following specific steps: taking 10000 (packaged by 50 kg/piece) of flue-cured tobacco leaves of a C2F grade in a certain divalent region of 2020 as an example, 40 tobacco leaves are randomly extracted from a prepared tobacco stack, 2 tobacco leaf samples are extracted from each tobacco leaf after the tobacco packet is opened, and 80 tobacco leaves are extracted in total. 1/3 of the tobacco leaf sample quantity is graded piece by piece according to the standard, the tobacco leaf which accords with the quality of C2F grade is taken as a sample to be checked, then the tobacco leaf sample is respectively assigned according to the evaluation indexes of color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content and chromaticity according to the research results of Chinese tobacco leaf company and Zhengzhou tobacco institute in 2006-2010 of Chinese tobacco leaf quality white paper, the scoring condition is shown in Table 8,

TABLE 82020 year certain divalent region C2F flue-cured tobacco leaf appearance quality evaluation score table

Index (I)	Colour(s)	Degree of maturity	Blade structure	Identity	Oil content	Color intensity
							Assignment of value	8	9	9	7	8	7
Weight of	0.30	0.25	0.15	0.12	0.10	0.08
							Score of	2.40	2.25	1.35	0.84	0.80	0.56

According to the formula: p1= Σ Ci × Pi × 10, and the score P1= (2.40 +2.25+1.35+0.84+0.80+ 0.56) × 10=82.00 for this batch of C2F grade flue-cured tobacco leaves.

2. Evaluation of grade qualification rate of flue-cured tobacco leaves

a. The field inspection sampling is carried out according to the 8.2 regulation in the flue-cured tobacco GB 2635-92: 8.2.1 sampling quantity, and sampling 10-20% of samples within 100 per batch (meaning the same area and the same level of flue-cured tobacco); 5 to 10 percent of sample pieces are taken from the part exceeding 100 pieces, and the sampling proportion is increased as required; 8.2.2 sampling in pieces, about 3-5 kg from the center of each piece to 5-7 parts of the sample around the center. 8.2.3 sampling the tobacco pieces, and inspecting the tobacco pieces completely, or sampling 6-9 samples according to parts, about 3-5 kg or 30-50 samples.

b. Binding the sampled tobacco leaves, throwing and grading according to standard regulations to obtain the percent of the primary quantity to the total spot inspection quantity, namely the grade qualification rate, and then obtaining the evaluation score of the grade qualification rate of the flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the following formula (two decimal parts are reserved in the result):

p2= grade pass rate × 100;

the specific process of evaluating the grade qualification rate of the flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: also taking 10000 pieces (50 kg/piece packaged) of flue-cured tobacco leaves with the grade of C2F in a certain divalent region of 2020 as an example, 505 pieces of samples ([ 100 × 10% + (10000 + 100) × 5% ] = 505) are randomly extracted from a tobacco stack, a tobacco packet is opened, about 3kg of samples are extracted from the center of each piece to the periphery, and the samples are pricked on site and 3030 bundles together to serve as samples to be checked. And (3) according to the national standard requirement of flue-cured tobacco GB2635-92, carrying out bundle throwing and grading on the sample to be tested to obtain 1818 bundles of C2F flue-cured tobacco leaves, and calculating the grade qualification rate of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, wherein the qualification rate is =1818/3030 multiplied by 100% =60%, so that P2=60% multipliedby 100= 60.00.

3. Evaluation of grade purity of flue-cured tobacco leaves

The influence degree of the tobacco grade purity on the tobacco quality cannot be ignored, the tobacco grade purity is closely related to the tobacco internal smoking quality, the tobacco grade purity has close relation with the production level of a production area, the purchasing level, the climate condition, the supply and demand relation and the like, the purity of a batch of tobacco is mainly influenced by factors such as mixed parts, mixed colors, mixed grades, mixed green and mixed impurities and the like, if the tobacco grade has more mixed green and mixed tobacco leaves, even if the qualification rate is high, the internal quality of the tobacco grade is possibly lower than the grade with less mixed green and mixed impurities, and therefore the tobacco grade purity evaluation is essential in the appearance quality evaluation.

a. According to the national standard of flue-cured tobacco GB2635-92, the part which does not conform to the original grade after the bundle is thrown and graded in the step 2 is the grade of the mixed tobacco leaves (even if the tobacco leaves in the same year, the same place of production and the same grade have different grade purities among different batches, the actual mixed grade in each batch grade is taken as the standard), and the mixed tobacco leaves are graded one by one;

b. calculating the proportion of each non-original grade tobacco leaf grade in the tobacco leaf sample to the total sampling quantity, namely the mixed grade proportion;

c. respectively calculating the actual value A of the batch of flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the mixing proportion by taking the annual allocation price as a reference; calculating the theoretical value B of the batch of tobacco leaves under the assumption that the batch of tobacco leaves are not mixed, namely the qualified rate is 100%;

d. calculating the grade purity evaluation score of the batch of flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the following formula (two decimal places are reserved in the result):

P3=（A/B）×100，

the specific process of evaluating the grade purity of the flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: still take 10000 loads (50 kg/piece packaged) of flue-cured tobacco leaves of a certain divalent region C2F grade in the allocating 2020 as an example, the quality conditions of field inspection are as follows:

C2F is sampled according to the national standard of flue-cured tobacco GB2635-92, and then the samples are thrown and graded to obtain the original grade proportion and other mixed grade proportions, see Table 9.

Table 92020 Studies of the mixing grade and proportion of C2F grade of certain bivalent area

Grade	C2F	C3F	C4F	X2F	CX1K	GY1
							Ratio of	60%	17%	10%	5%	5%	3%

Based on the price allocated in the current year, according to the specification of No. 2020 and No. 70 documents of China tobacco office, the price allocated to C2F-grade flue-cured tobacco leaves in the divalent region of 2020 is 3284 yuan/load, the price allocated to C3F-grade flue-cured tobacco leaves is 2901 yuan/load, the price allocated to C4F-grade flue-cured tobacco leaves is 2128 yuan/load, the price allocated to X2F-grade flue-cured tobacco leaves is 1890 yuan/load, the price allocated to CX 1K-grade flue-cured tobacco leaves is 430 yuan/load, and the price allocated to GY 1-grade flue-cured tobacco leaves is 245 yuan/load. And calculating the actual tobacco leaf value A and the theoretical value B of the tobacco leaves in the batch according to the standard allocation price without floating, and calculating the value P3, wherein the calculation process and the result are shown in a table 10.

4. Comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves

Calculating the obtained flue-cured tobacco leaf appearance quality evaluation score P1, the flue-cured tobacco leaf grade qualification rate evaluation score P2 and the flue-cured tobacco leaf grade purity evaluation score P3 according to the following formula to obtain a flue-cured tobacco batch tobacco leaf appearance quality comprehensive score (2 is kept as a decimal):

P=1/3ΣPi

p is the overall score of the appearance quality,

pi is the ith score of the step,

10000 (50 kg/piece) of flue-cured tobacco leaves with the grade of C2F in a certain divalent region in 2020 by the allocation, wherein the comprehensive score P =1/3 (82.00 +60.00+ 85.25) = 75.75.