阅读说明：本技术 一种具有电晕稳定触发结构的过电压保护间隙 (Overvoltage protection gap with corona stable triggering structure ) 是由 姚学玲 乐杨晶 孙晋茹 陈景亮 于 2021-07-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种具有电晕稳定触发机构的过电压保护间隙,包括上、下绝缘壳体、上、下端法兰构成的腔体,在腔体内设置有上、下圆台电极构成的主放电间隙,在上、下绝缘壳体之间的上、下圆台电极周围安装有环状第三电极,环状第三电极具有“斜Z”字型端面,环状第三电极具有与上圆台电极侧平面、下圆台电极分别对应的两个端面。在雷电过电压作用下,环状第三电极与下电极之间分得的脉冲电压大大超过环状触发电极与上电极之间的脉冲电压,环状第三电极与下电极之间发生场致击穿,在上、下电极的间隙中产生导电载流子,不但可以降低过电压保护间隙的脉冲击穿电压,而且提高过电压保护间隙的电压保护水平。(An overvoltage protection gap with a corona stable trigger mechanism comprises a cavity body formed by an upper insulating shell, a lower insulating shell, an upper end flange and a lower end flange, wherein a main discharge gap formed by an upper circular platform electrode and a lower circular platform electrode is arranged in the cavity body, an annular third electrode is arranged around the upper circular platform electrode and the lower circular platform electrode between the upper insulating shell and the lower insulating shell and is provided with an oblique Z-shaped end face, and the annular third electrode is provided with two end faces respectively corresponding to the side plane of the upper circular platform electrode and the lower circular platform electrode. Under the action of lightning overvoltage, the pulse voltage divided between the annular third electrode and the lower electrode greatly exceeds the pulse voltage between the annular trigger electrode and the upper electrode, field breakdown occurs between the annular third electrode and the lower electrode, and conductive carriers are generated in the gap between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, so that the pulse breakdown voltage of the overvoltage protection gap can be reduced, and the voltage protection level of the overvoltage protection gap is improved.)

1. An overvoltage protection gap having a corona stabilizing trigger structure, comprising: comprises an upper insulating shell (1), a lower insulating shell (2), and an upper end flange (7) and a lower end flange (8) which are arranged at the two ends of the upper insulating shell (1) and the lower insulating shell (2), wherein the air pressure is 10¹～10³Or 10⁴～10⁵Pa-order sealed shell or vacuum degree of 10^-1～10^-5A Pa-magnitude closed shell is characterized in that upper and lower guide rods (5 and 6) are arranged on upper and lower end flanges (7 and 8) in upper and lower insulating shells (1 and 2), upper and lower electrodes (3 and 4) with truncated cone-shaped end surfaces are arranged on the upper and lower guide rods (5 and 6), a main discharge gap is formed between the upper and lower electrodes (3 and 4), an annular third electrode (9) is arranged between the upper and lower insulating shells (1 and 2), one end of the annular third electrode (9) extends out of the insulating shell, one end in the insulating shell is provided with an oblique Z-shaped end surface, the oblique Z-shaped end surface of the annular third electrode (9) is provided with two upper metal end surfaces (10) parallel to the truncated cone-shaped side plane of the upper electrode (3), and a lower electrode (10)4) The round table type side plane of the upper insulating shell (1) is opposite to the round table type side plane of the lower insulating shell (11), and the upper end flange (7) and the lower end flange (8) are positioned on the periphery of the upper guide rod (5) and the lower guide rod (6) and are close to the inner walls of the upper insulating shell and the lower insulating shell (1) and (2) and are provided with upper shielding covers and lower shielding covers (12) and (13).

2. The overvoltage protection gap with corona stabilizing triggering structure as recited in claim 1, wherein: the medium in the closed shell is air, nitrogen, argon or the mixed gas thereof.

3. The overvoltage protection gap with corona stabilizing triggering structure as recited in claim 1, wherein: the truncated cone-shaped angles theta 1 and theta 2 of the upper and lower electrodes (3 and 4) are 15-60 degrees.

4. An overvoltage protection gap having a corona stabilizing triggering structure as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein: the area of the upper metal end face (10) of the inclined Z-shaped end face of the annular third electrode (9) corresponding to the circular truncated cone-shaped side plane of the upper electrode (3) is larger than the area of the lower metal tip end face (11) of the inclined Z-shaped end face of the annular third electrode (9) corresponding to the circular truncated cone-shaped side face of the lower electrode (4).

5. The overvoltage protection gap with corona stabilizing triggering structure as recited in claim 4, wherein: the distance between the upper metal end plane (10) of the inclined Z-shaped end surface of the annular third electrode (9) and the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the upper electrode (3) is not less than the distance between the lower metal tip end surface (11) of the inclined Z-shaped end surface of the annular third electrode (9) and the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode (4).

6. The overvoltage protection gap with corona stabilizing triggering structure as recited in claim 4, wherein: the upper metal end plane (10) of the annular third electrode (9) is of an annular structure, and the annular width is equal to the width of the circular truncated cone-shaped side face of the upper electrode (3).

7. The overvoltage protection gap with corona stabilizing triggering structure as recited in claim 6, wherein: the ring width of the circular ring-shaped structure of the upper metal end plane (10) is 5-10 mm.

8. The overvoltage protection gap with corona stabilizing triggering structure as recited in claim 4, wherein: the lower metal tip end surface (11) of the annular third electrode (9) is of an annular structure.

9. The overvoltage protection gap with corona stabilizing triggering structure as recited in claim 8, wherein: the ring width of the annular structure of the lower metal tip surface (11) is 1-3 mm.

10. The overvoltage protection gap with corona stabilizing triggering structure as recited in claim 4, wherein: and a capacitor C is connected in parallel between the upper electrode (3) and the annular third electrode (9).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-performance overvoltage protection gap in the fields of electric power, electronics and communication, high-speed informatization railway power transmission and the like, in particular to a trigger type overvoltage protection gap with an extremely simple structure.

Background

The high-performance overvoltage protection gap is a key overvoltage protection device in the fields of electric power, electronics and communication, high-speed informatization railways and the like, and the active overvoltage protection gaps for overvoltage protection at home and abroad mostly adopt a field-induced triggering mode or a field distortion triggering mode, so that the voltage protection level of the active overvoltage protection gaps is not too high generally, the voltage ratio between the pulse breakdown voltage and the direct-current breakdown voltage is generally more than 1 and even more than 1.1-1.5. The patent ZL 200610104775.9 discloses an overvoltage protection device with surface flashover in air environment, it is technically characterized by that two grooves are respectively set on the surface of two main electrodes of the overvoltage protection gap, flashover rods are arranged in the two grooves, when lightning overvoltage occurs, the main electrode of the overvoltage protection gap discharges the energy of lightning current through the surface flashover rod, but causes surface pollution and consumption of the surface flashover rod, thereby the service life of the overvoltage protection gap is influenced, more importantly, the existence of the surface flashover rod can not reduce the voltage ratio of the overvoltage protection gap, when the pulse breakdown voltage of the overvoltage protection gap is reduced and the voltage protection level is improved, the direct-current breakdown voltage of the overvoltage protection gap is reduced, and the safety of normal operation is reduced, so that the improvement of the performance of the overvoltage protection gap is limited.

In order to improve the protection level of the overvoltage protection gap, researches and patent applications of active protection gaps of various structures, such as patent applications 201810843152.6, 201810844213.0, 201810844911.0 and 201810843586.6, have appeared, and the overvoltage protection gaps of the structures can improve the protection level of the overvoltage protection gap and can be applied to occasions with very high requirements on overvoltage protection. However, the common characteristics of the structure are that coupling trigger circuits for coupling lightning energy are required, and the selection of circuit parameters of the coupling circuits is required, so that for engineering application, especially for occasions with less strict requirements on overvoltage protection, the active protection gap of the structure can cause certain complexity, thereby increasing the difficulty in engineering application and wasting the invested funds in certain occasions without strict requirements on overvoltage protection.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the overvoltage protection gap with the corona stable triggering structure, which not only omits a lightning energy coupling triggering circuit of an active overvoltage protection gap of a common structure, but also can improve the voltage protection level of the overvoltage protection gap and is convenient to apply in engineering.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: comprises an upper insulating shell, a lower insulating shell, an upper flange and a lower flange which are arranged at the two ends of the upper insulating shell and the lower insulating shell, and the air pressure formed by the upper flange and the lower flange is 10¹～10³Or 10⁴～10⁵Pa-order sealed shell or vacuum degree of 10^-1～10^-5The Pa-magnitude closed shell is characterized in that an upper guide rod and a lower guide rod are arranged on an upper end flange and a lower end flange in an upper insulating shell and a lower insulating shell, an upper electrode and a lower electrode with truncated cone-shaped end surfaces are arranged on the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod, a main discharge gap is formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, an annular third electrode is arranged between the upper insulating shell and the lower insulating shell, one end of the annular third electrode extends out of the insulating shell, one end of the annular third electrode in the insulating shell is provided with an oblique Z-shaped end surface, the oblique Z-shaped end surface of the annular third electrode is provided with two upper metal end surfaces parallel to the truncated cone-shaped side plane of the upper electrode and a lower metal tip surface opposite to the truncated cone-shaped side plane of the lower electrode, and an upper shield cover and a lower shield cover are arranged on the upper end flange and the lower end flange and are close to the inner walls of the upper insulating shell and the lower end guide rod.

The medium in the closed shell is air, nitrogen, argon or the mixed gas thereof.

The truncated cone-shaped angles theta 1 and theta 2 of the upper electrode and the lower electrode are 15-60 degrees.

The area of the upper metal end surface of the oblique Z-shaped end surface of the annular third electrode corresponding to the circular truncated cone-shaped side plane of the upper electrode is larger than the area of the lower metal tip surface of the oblique Z-shaped end surface of the annular third electrode corresponding to the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode.

The distance between the upper metal end plane of the oblique Z-shaped end surface of the annular third electrode and the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the upper electrode is not less than the distance between the lower metal tip end surface of the oblique Z-shaped end surface of the annular third electrode and the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode.

The upper metal end plane of the annular third electrode is of an annular structure, and the annular width is equal to the width of the circular truncated cone side surface of the upper electrode.

The ring width of the upper metal end plane ring-shaped structure is 5-10 mm.

The lower metal tip end surface of the annular third electrode is of an annular structure.

The ring width of the lower metal tip surface ring-shaped structure is 1-3 mm.

And a capacitor C is connected in parallel between the upper electrode and the annular third electrode.

The invention seals the upper and lower electrodes and the ring-shaped third electrode with the inclined Z-shaped end surface in the gas environment, the upper metal end plane of the inclined Z-shaped end surface of the ring-shaped third electrode is parallel to the circular table-shaped side surface of the upper electrode, the lower metal tip surface of the inclined Z-shaped end surface of the ring-shaped third electrode is opposite to the circular table-shaped side surface plane of the lower electrode, when the lightning overvoltage acts, the pulse voltage divided between the lower metal tip surface and the lower electrode of the ring-shaped third electrode is far larger than the pulse voltage between the upper metal end plane and the upper electrode of the third electrode, the tip surface and the lower electrode of the ring-shaped third electrode discharge first, the generated charged plasma enters the gap between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, so that the breakdown discharge occurs between the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the overvoltage protection gap, on one hand, the structure improves the protection level of the overvoltage protection gap, on the other hand, due to the simple structure, a complex overvoltage energy coupling trigger circuit of an active overvoltage protection gap of a common structure is omitted, so that the engineering application is very convenient, and the difficult problem of poor voltage protection level of a passive overvoltage protection gap is solved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the annular third electrode of the present invention

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, an upper insulating shell, 2, a lower insulating shell, 3, an upper electrode, 4, a lower electrode, 5, upper guide rods 5 and 6, lower guide rods 6 and 7, upper end flanges 7 and 8, lower end flanges 9, an annular third electrode, 10, an upper metal end face, 11, a lower metal end face, 12, an upper shielding cover, 13 and a lower shielding cover.

Detailed Description

The structural and operational principles of the present invention are explained in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention includes upper and lower insulating cases 1, 2, and upper and lower end flanges 7, 8 provided at both ends of the upper and lower insulating cases 1, 2, and the air pressure 10 is formed¹～10³Or 10⁴～10⁵Pa-order sealed shell or vacuum degree of 10^-1～10^-5A Pa-magnitude closed shell, wherein the medium in the closed shell is air, nitrogen, argon or the mixture thereof, upper and lower end flanges 7, 8 in upper and lower insulating shells 1, 2 are provided with upper and lower guide rods 5, 6, the upper and lower guide rods 5, 6 are provided with upper and lower electrodes 3, 4 with truncated cone-shaped end surfaces, a main discharge gap is formed between the upper and lower electrodes 3, 4, an annular third electrode 9 is arranged between the upper and lower insulating shells 1, 2, one end of the annular third electrode 9 extends out of the insulating shell, one end in the insulating shell is provided with an oblique Z-shaped end surface, the oblique Z-shaped end surface of the annular third electrode 9 is provided with two upper metal end surfaces 10 parallel to the truncated cone-shaped side plane of the upper electrode 3 and a lower metal surface 11 opposite to the truncated cone-shaped side plane of the lower electrode 4, and the upper and lower end flanges 7, 6, the tip ends of the upper and the lower end flanges are respectively connected with the upper and the lower guide rods, Upper and lower shielding cases 12 and 13 are arranged on the upper part 8 around the upper and lower guide rods 5 and 6 and close to the inner walls of the upper and lower insulating shells 1 and 2.

Referring to fig. 1, the upper and lower electrodes 3, 4 of the present invention have a truncated cone shape, the electrode material is tungsten copper, copper chromium, and other alloys, and the truncated cone angles θ 1, θ 2 of the upper and lower electrodes 3, 4 are 15 ° to 60 °.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an upper metal end plane 10 of the annular third electrode 9 of the present invention is an annular structure, the annular width is equal to the width of the truncated cone-shaped side surface of the upper electrode 3, the annular width of the annular structure is 5-10mm, and the annular structure and the truncated cone-shaped side surface of the upper electrode 3 are parallel to each other.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the lower metal tip surface 11 of the annular third electrode 9 is also in a circular ring shape, the ring width is 1-3mm, the tip surface circular ring structure is opposite to the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode 4, and the area of the lower metal tip surface of the annular third electrode 9 is far smaller than that of the upper metal tip plane circular ring of the annular second electrode 9.

Referring to fig. 3, on the basis of fig. 1, a capacitor C is connected in parallel between the upper electrode 3 and the annular third electrode 9. Because the area of the upper metal end plane 10 of the oblique Z shape of the annular third electrode 9 corresponding to the circular truncated cone side surface of the upper electrode 3 is far larger than the area of the lower metal tip plane 11 of the oblique Z shape of the annular third electrode 9 corresponding to the circular truncated cone side surface of the lower electrode 4, the capacitance formed by the upper metal end plane 10 of the oblique Z shape and the circular truncated cone side surface of the upper electrode 3 is far larger than the capacitance formed by the lower metal tip plane 11 of the oblique Z shape of the annular third electrode 9 and the circular truncated cone side surface of the lower electrode 4, and the parallel capacitance C is added, the pulse voltage divided between the lower metal tip plane 11 of the annular third electrode 9 and the lower electrode 4 is far larger than the pulse voltage between the upper metal end plane 10 of the annular third electrode 9 and the upper electrode 3 when overvoltage occurs, and the discharge between the lower metal tip plane 11 of the annular third electrode 9 and the lower electrode 4 occurs first, the generated charged plasma enters the gap between the upper electrode 3 and the lower electrode 4, so that the breakdown discharge occurs on the upper electrode 3 and the lower electrode 4 of the overvoltage protection gap, and the structure can greatly improve the protection level of the overvoltage protection gap.

The invention can be used in the technical fields of electric power, electronics, communication and the like.

The invention seals the upper electrode, the lower electrode and the annular third electrode with the inclined Z-shaped end surface in the air or vacuum environment, the upper metal end plane of the annular third electrode is parallel to the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the upper electrode, the lower metal tip end plane of the annular third electrode is parallel to the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode, and the area of the upper metal end plane of the annular third electrode corresponding to the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the upper electrode is far larger than the area of the lower metal tip end plane of the annular third electrode corresponding to the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode. When lightning overvoltage acts, the pulse voltage divided between the lower metal tip surface of the annular third electrode and the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode is far larger than the pulse voltage between the upper end surface of the third electrode and the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode, the lower metal tip surface of the annular third electrode and the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode are in a stable corona discharge state, once overvoltage occurs, discharge is conducted between the lower metal tip surface of the annular third electrode and the circular truncated cone-shaped side surface of the lower electrode, and generated charged plasma enters a gap between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, so that breakdown discharge occurs between the upper electrode and the lower electrode of an overvoltage protection gap, and the structure improves the protection level of the overvoltage protection gap on one hand, and omits an overvoltage energy coupling trigger circuit with a complicated active overvoltage protection gap of a common structure due to simple structure on the other hand, the method is very convenient for engineering application, and simultaneously solves the difficult technical problem of poor voltage protection level of the passive overvoltage protection gap.