阅读说明：本技术 毫米波双频段双圆极化天线单元及其阵列、设计方法 (Millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit, array thereof and design method thereof ) 是由 徐光辉 朱传明 黄道胜 杨利霞 黄志祥 于 2021-07-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种毫米波双频段双圆极化天线单元及其阵列、设计方法,包括第一基板、第二基板、第三基板及馈电结构；所述第一基板、所述第二基板及所述第三基板依次堆叠；所述第一基板上设置有第二SIW腔体和寄生贴片,所述第二基板上设置有第二SIW腔体及辐射贴片；所述馈电结构设置在所述第三基板上。本发明可使用多层印刷电路板工艺制作,采用缝隙耦合馈电,在两个频段分别实现右旋和左旋圆极化,由于采用全并行微带馈电网络,因此该结构便于扩展至更大规模的天线阵列。(The invention provides a millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit, an array thereof and a design method, wherein the millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a third substrate and a feed structure; the first substrate, the second substrate and the third substrate are sequentially stacked; the first substrate is provided with a first SIW cavity and a parasitic patch, and the first substrate is provided with a first SIW cavity and a radiating patch; the feed structure is disposed on the third substrate. The antenna can be manufactured by using a multilayer printed circuit board process, adopts slot coupling feed, realizes right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization in two frequency bands respectively, and is convenient to expand to a larger-scale antenna array due to the adoption of a full-parallel microstrip feed network.)

1. A millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit is characterized by comprising a first substrate (1), a second substrate (2), a third substrate (3) and a feed structure (4); the first substrate (1), the second substrate (2) and the third substrate (3) are stacked in sequence;

a first SIW cavity (5) and a parasitic patch (6) are arranged on the first substrate (1), and a second SIW cavity (7) and a radiation patch (8) are arranged on the second substrate (2); the feed structure (4) is arranged on the third substrate (3).

2. The millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the feed structure (4) comprises a microstrip feed line (401).

3. The millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein a radiating slot (9) is provided on the second substrate (2), and the radiating patch (8) is disposed in the radiating slot (9).

4. The millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 3, wherein the radiating slot (9) is symmetrically provided with a first perturbation (10) and a second perturbation (11).

5. The millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein said radiating patch (8) is provided with a metallized through hole (12).

6. The millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first substrate (1), the thickness of the second substrate (2), and the thickness of the third substrate (3) are 0.381mm, and 0.127mm, respectively.

7. The millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate (1) has a dielectric constant ∈_r1The dielectric constant epsilon of the second substrate (2)_r2And the dielectric constant ε of the third substrate (3)_r3Are both 2.2;

the loss angle tan δ 1 of the first substrate (1), the loss angle tan δ 2 of the second substrate (2), and the loss angle tan δ 3 of the third substrate (3) are all 0.0009.

8. The millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the parasitic patch (6) is square, the side length P of the parasitic patch (6) is 2mm, and the distance d between adjacent parasitic patches (6)_pIs 1.5 mm;

the side lengths of the rectangular auxiliary radiation patches are p_x1.13mm and p_y＝2.05mm。

9. An antenna array comprising four millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna elements as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8;

the four first substrates (1) are spliced and arranged in the same plane to form a first laminate (13), the four second substrates (2) are spliced and arranged in the same plane to form a second laminate (14), and the four third substrates (3) are spliced and arranged in the same plane to form a third laminate (15);

the first laminate (13), the second laminate (14), and the third laminate (15) are stacked in this order.

10. A method for designing a millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: determining two required working frequency bands;

step two: a square radiation groove (9) is formed in the top layer of the second SIW cavity (7), and perturbation is introduced to separate degenerate modes to form an axial ratio resonance point;

step three: introducing two rectangular radiation patches (8) into the center of the groove of the second SIW cavity (7) to form a high-frequency radiator, connecting the two rectangular radiation patches (8) by using a metal strip, and respectively forming a metalized through hole (12) on each of the two rectangular radiation patches (8);

step four: stacking a parasitic patch (6) on the second substrate (2) to introduce another resonance point of impedance bandwidth in a high frequency band;

step five: and (3) finely adjusting the position of the parasitic patch (6) to adjust the axial ratio resonance point to two required working frequency sections.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an array antenna technology, in particular to a millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit, an array thereof and a design method thereof.

Background

Antennas are an important component of wireless communication systems. The multi-band operation of the antenna can reduce the use of a large number of antennas, thereby reducing the volume of the wireless communication system. The circularly polarized antenna can receive electromagnetic waves polarized at random, can effectively improve receiving and radiation efficiency, and is widely applied to the fields of satellite communication, electronic reconnaissance and the like at present. The direction of the millimeter wave multi-band circularly polarized antenna also has a great deal of work at home and abroad, but the existing antenna is limited by a single antenna, and the radiation mode is unstable.

Publication CN103050788A discloses for patent literature an antenna array unit, an array antenna, a multi-frequency antenna unit and a multi-frequency array antenna, wherein the antenna array unit comprises: the two antenna unit pairs are arranged in a cross mode, wherein each antenna unit pair comprises two antenna units, the two antenna units are electrically connected with each other through a feed network, and the two antenna unit pairs respectively feed independently. However, the patent document still has the defect that the radiation mode is unstable.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit, an array thereof and a design method thereof.

The invention provides a millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit which comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a third substrate and a feed structure, wherein the first substrate is provided with a first feed slot; the first substrate, the second substrate and the third substrate are sequentially stacked;

the first substrate is provided with a first SIW cavity and a parasitic patch, and the first substrate is provided with a first SIW cavity and a radiating patch; the feed structure is disposed on the third substrate.

Preferably, the feed structure comprises a microstrip feed line.

Preferably, a radiation slot is arranged on the second substrate, and the radiation patch is arranged in the radiation slot.

Preferably, the radiation slot is symmetrically provided with a first perturbation and a second perturbation.

Preferably, the radiation patch is provided with a metalized through hole.

Preferably, the thickness of the first substrate, the thickness of the second substrate and the thickness of the third substrate are 0.381mm, 0.381mm and 0.127mm respectively;

preferably, the first substrate has a dielectric constant ∈_r1A dielectric constant ε of the second substrate_r2And a dielectric constant ε of the third substrate_r3Are both 2.2;

the loss angle tan δ 1 of the first substrate, the loss angle tan δ 2 of the second substrate, and the loss angle tan δ 3 of the third substrate are all 0.0009.

Preferably, the parasitic patch is square, the side length P of the parasitic patch is 2mm, and the distance d between adjacent parasitic patches_pIs 1.5 mm.

Preferably, the radiation patch is rectangular, and the side lengths of the radiation patch are p_x1.13mm and p_y＝2.05mm。

The invention also provides an antenna array, which comprises four millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna units;

the four first substrates are spliced and arranged in the same plane to form a first laminate, the four second substrates are spliced and arranged in the same plane to form a second laminate, and the four third substrates are spliced and arranged in the same plane to form a third laminate;

the first laminate, the second laminate and the third laminate are sequentially stacked.

The invention also provides a design method of the millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining two required working frequency bands;

step two: opening a square radiation groove on the top layer of the second SIW cavity, introducing perturbation to separate degenerate modes and form an axial ratio resonance point;

step three: introducing two rectangular radiation patches into the center of the slot of the second SIW cavity to form a high-frequency radiator, connecting the two rectangular radiation patches by using a metal strip, and respectively forming a metalized through hole on each of the two rectangular radiation patches;

step four: stacking a parasitic patch on the second substrate, and introducing another resonance point with impedance bandwidth in a high-frequency band;

step five: and (4) finely adjusting the position of the parasitic patch, and adjusting the axial ratio resonance point to two required working frequency sections.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention adopts multilayer PCB technology, and the layers are all fed by adopting gap coupling, thus being free from adhesion and physical connection, simple in processing and convenient for integration;

2. according to the invention, the high-frequency radiation patch and the parasitic patch are introduced on the basis of the original rectangular cavity-backed circularly polarized antenna, so that the radiation characteristic of dual-band and dual-circular polarization is realized;

3. the invention adopts microstrip slot coupling cavity feed, thus avoiding complex feed matching structure and expanding the invention to larger-scale high-gain array application scene;

4. the antenna can be manufactured by using a multilayer printed circuit board process, adopts slot coupling feed, realizes right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization in two frequency bands respectively, and is convenient to expand to a larger-scale antenna array due to the adoption of a full-parallel microstrip feed network.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a first substrate of the millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna unit of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a second substrate of the millimeter wave dual band dual circularly polarized antenna unit of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a 2 × 2 millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array provided by the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a feed network of a 2 × 2 millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array provided by the present invention;

FIG. 6 is | S of the 2 × 2 mm-wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array provided by the present invention₁₁An | parameter;

fig. 7 is an axial ratio parameter of a 2 × 2 millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array provided by the present invention;

fig. 8 is a real gain parameter of the 2 × 2 mm-wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array provided by the present invention;

fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of the 2 × 2 mm-wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array provided by the present invention at 28 GHz;

fig. 10 is a radiation pattern of the 2 × 2 mm-wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array provided by the present invention at 38 GHz.

The figures show that:

first substrate 1 radiation patch 8

Second substrate 2 radiation slot 9

Third substrate 3 first perturbation 10

Second perturbation 11 of feed structure 4

Microstrip feed line 401 metallized via 12

Coupled feed slot 402 first layer 13

First SIW Cavity 5 second layer 14

Parasitic patch 6 third layer 15

Second SIW Chamber 7

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit provided by the present invention includes a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, a third substrate 3, and a feeding structure 4, wherein the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, and the third substrate 3 are stacked in sequence, the first substrate 1 is provided with a second SIW cavity 75 and a parasitic patch 6, the second substrate 2 is provided with a second SIW cavity and a radiating patch 8, and the feeding structure 4 is disposed on the third substrate 3. The feed structure 4 comprises a microstrip feed line 401, and a microstrip feed line 403 is disposed on the third substrate 3. In a preferred embodiment, the second substrate 2 is provided with a coupling feed slot 402.

The thickness of the first substrate 1, the thickness of the second substrate 2, and the thickness of the third substrate 3 were 0.381mm, and 0.127mm, respectively, and the dielectric constant ε of the first substrate 1_r1Dielectric constant ε of second substrate 2_r2And the dielectric constant ε of the third substrate 3_r3All 2.2, the loss angle tan δ 1 of the first substrate 1, the loss angle tan δ 2 of the second substrate 2, and the loss angle tan δ 3 of the third substrate 3 are all 0.0009, the parasitic patches 6 are square, the side length P of each parasitic patch 6 is 2mm, and the distance d between adjacent parasitic patches 6 is equal to_p1.5mm, the square parasitic patch 6 is positioned on the top layer of the first substrate 1, the radiation patch 8 is rectangular, and the side lengths of the radiation patch 8 are p_x1.13mm and p_y＝2.05mm。

In a preferred embodiment, the first substrate, the second substrate and the third substrate are all square, the first substrate, the second substrate and the third substrate are fixed by screws, and the side length S of the antenna unit_lIs 11 mm. The length of the first SIW cavity is W_p27.3mm, the diameter d1 of the through hole of the first SIW cavity is 0.4mm, the distance s between adjacent through holes of the first SIW cavity is 0.73mm, and the side length W of the second SIW cavity is 0.73mm_p7.1mm, the microstrip feed line width is 0.42 mm.

The second substrate 2 is provided with a radiation slot 9, the radiation patch 8 is arranged in the radiation slot 9, in a preferred embodiment, the side length of the radiation slot is C_v3.55 mm. The radiation slot 9 is symmetrically provided with a first perturbation 10 and a second perturbation 11, in a preferred embodiment, the side length n of the first perturbation_x0.7mm, side length n of the second perturbation_y0.45 mm. The radiation patch 8 is provided with metallized through holes 12, in a preferred embodimentIn the middle, the diameter of the metallized through hole is d₂＝0.54mm。

The invention also provides an antenna array which comprises four millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna units, wherein the four first substrates 1 are spliced and arranged in the same plane to form a first layer plate 13, the four second substrates 2 are spliced and arranged in the same plane to form a second layer plate 14, the four third substrates 3 are spliced and arranged in the same plane to form a third layer plate 15, and the first layer plate 13, the second layer plate 14 and the third layer plate 15 are sequentially stacked. In a preferred embodiment, the antenna array is composed of four identical antenna units, and a microstrip full-parallel feed network composed of a microstrip one-to-four power divider is arranged at the bottom layer of the array antenna.

The invention also provides a design method of the millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: determining two required working frequency bands;

step two: a square radiation groove 9 is formed in the top layer of the second SIW cavity 7, and perturbation is introduced to separate degenerate modes to form an axial ratio resonance point;

step three: two rectangular radiation patches 8 are introduced into the center of the slot of the second SIW cavity 7 to form a high-frequency radiator, the two rectangular radiation patches 8 are connected by using a metal strip, and a metalized through hole 12 is formed in each of the two rectangular radiation patches 8;

step four: stacking a parasitic patch 6 on the second substrate 2, introducing another resonance point of impedance bandwidth in a high frequency band;

step five: the position of the parasitic patch 6 is finely adjusted to adjust the axial ratio resonance point to the desired two operating frequency bands.

In a preferred embodiment, the side length of the SIW cavity corresponding to the low frequency is according to the following formula:

f_mnpfor the resonant cavity operating frequency, μ is the dielectric constant, ε is the permeability, m, n, p represent the operating mode, (here for TE₁₂₀Mode, m is 1, n is 2, and p is 0). W_effIs the equivalent width of the resonant cavity, h is the height of the resonant cavity, W_pIs the actual width of the SIW cavity, d₁Is the diameter of the metallized via, S is the distance between adjacent metallized vias,

then opening a side length C at the top layer of the SIW resonant cavity_avThe square radiation slot introduces perturbation, optimizes the surrounding size, separates degenerate modes and forms an axial ratio resonance point.

Two rectangular patches are introduced into the center of a slot of the SIW cavity to form a high-frequency radiator, the two rectangular patches are connected by using a metal strip, and a metalized through hole is formed in each of the two rectangular patches to optimize the impedance and axial ratio characteristics. On the basis of the above, the radiation patch is stacked on the second substrate, another resonance point of impedance bandwidth is introduced in a high frequency band, the gain is improved, and finally the position of the parasitic patch is finely adjusted, and the axial ratio resonance point is adjusted to the required 28GHz and 38GHz positions. Finally, the design of the millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit is realized, and the millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit has good axial ratio and radiation characteristics in a required frequency band. Meanwhile, the unit has a simple structure, is convenient to feed, and can conveniently utilize a full-parallel feed network to realize the design of a large-scale array antenna.

The invention is more particularly described in the following by means of preferred or variant embodiments:

example 1:

as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the rectangular spatial coordinate system o-xyz includes: the origin o, the x axis, the y axis and the z axis, and the dielectric substrate is parallel to the xoy surface of the space rectangular coordinate system o-xyz. Aiming at a millimeter wave dual-band full-duplex wireless communication system, the millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit and the array thereof are designed in the embodiment, can be used for a 5G communication system, and can cover two frequency bands of 28GHz and 38GHz, and can also be optimally designed to cover a specific frequency band. The antenna mainly comprises a SIW back cavity radiator, a rectangular patch radiator, a square parasitic patch, an array consisting of four antenna units, a full parallel microstrip feed network radiator corresponding to the array, a dielectric substrate metal ground plane, a coaxial feed and other structures.

At low frequencies, by the theory of resonant cavities, slotting in the SIW cavity causes radiation. Meanwhile, symmetrical perturbation is loaded on the gap, so that degenerate modes TE120 and TE210 of a low frequency band are separated, an axial ratio minimum point is formed in a 28GHz frequency band, and the position of the perturbation is designed to form right-hand circularly polarized radiation.

In the high frequency band, another axial ratio resonance point can be realized in the high frequency band through the obliquely fed rectangular patch. The impedance bandwidth is now poor, for which purpose two rectangular patches are connected and inductive metallized vias are introduced. In order to improve the gain, the first substrate is introduced, four parasitic patches are arranged on the upper layer of the first substrate, the impedance bandwidth is expanded, the gain is improved, and left-handed circularly polarized radiation is formed at the high-frequency band of 38 GHz.

The working process of the antenna comprises the following steps: through microstrip feed and slot coupling, electromagnetic waves enter a SIW resonant cavity in the second substrate, and right-hand circularly polarized waves are radiated through a degenerate mode in the perturbation rectangular slot splitting resonant cavity at a low frequency band. High-frequency-band radiation is formed by the rectangular patches and the parasitic patches in the substrate 1, and the directions of the rectangular patches are selected to form left-handed circularly polarized radiation in the high-frequency band.

Example 2:

the invention designs a millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit and an array thereof, which can be used for a 5G communication system. The volume of the antenna is only 18.5mm multiplied by 0.889mm, and the antenna can cover two frequency bands of 28GHz and 38 GHz. And right-hand and left-hand circularly polarized radiation is realized in the two frequency bands, respectively.

As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of the millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna unit is shown. The thicknesses of the three layers of the first substrate 1, the first substrate 2 and the first substrate 3 of the unit are 0.381mm, 0.381mm and 0.127mm respectively, the dielectric substrate is square, and the dielectric constant epsilon of the dielectric substrate_rThe loss angle tan δ of the dielectric substrate is 0.0009, 2.2.

Layered plan views of antenna elements of fig. 2 and 3The detailed dimensions are given to facilitate a better understanding of the antenna structure. Fig. 4 and 5 respectively show a schematic diagram of the millimeter wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array structure and a corresponding plane view of the feed network, which is convenient for better understanding of the structure of the antenna array. Fig. 6, 7 and 8 show the 2 × 2 mm-wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array | S respectively₁₁A graphical representation of the | parameter, axial ratio, and real gain as a function of frequency. Fig. 9 and 10 show normalized radiation patterns of XOZ and YOZ planes of the 2 × 2mm wave dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna array at 28GHz and 38GHz, respectively.

The antenna can be manufactured by using a multilayer printed circuit board process, adopts slot coupling feed, realizes right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization in two frequency bands respectively, and is convenient to expand to a larger-scale antenna array due to the adoption of a full-parallel microstrip feed network.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.