阅读说明：本技术 海上风机及基础 (Offshore wind turbine and foundation ) 是由 王康世 许移庆 张黎 于 2021-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种海上风机及基础,风机包括风机本体、锚固系统和基础,基础包括多根立柱和多组横梁,立柱为钢筋混凝土结构,在立柱内部的空腔内设置内连接板,在立柱外侧设置外连接板,并用螺栓连接内连接板和外连接板。立柱采用纯钢筋混凝土的结构形式,减小立柱的钢材用量,降低基础的建设成本。设置外连接板和内连接板,并用螺栓将其夹持在立柱上,实现横梁和立柱的可靠连接,横梁和立柱之间的载荷传递路径明确。(The invention discloses an offshore wind turbine and a foundation, wherein the wind turbine comprises a wind turbine body, an anchoring system and the foundation, the foundation comprises a plurality of stand columns and a plurality of groups of cross beams, the stand columns are of reinforced concrete structures, inner connecting plates are arranged in cavities inside the stand columns, outer connecting plates are arranged on the outer sides of the stand columns, and the inner connecting plates and the outer connecting plates are connected through bolts. The stand adopts the structural style of pure reinforced concrete, reduces the steel quantity of stand, reduces the construction cost of basis. The outer connecting plate and the inner connecting plate are arranged and clamped on the stand column through bolts, so that the cross beam is reliably connected with the stand column, and a load transmission path between the cross beam and the stand column is clear.)

1. The utility model provides an offshore wind turbine foundation, the basis includes many stands and steel multiunit crossbeam, the stand includes the stand body, the inside of stand body is equipped with the cavity, its characterized in that, the stand is reinforced concrete structure, the basis still including set up in the internal connection board in the cavity, and set up the external connection board in the stand body outside, the internal connection board with the external connection board passes through the fastener centre gripping on the stand body, the crossbeam with external connection board fixed connection, just the external connection board with the internal connection board highly cooperate with the crossbeam.

2. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 1, wherein the beam and the outer connection plate are made of steel, and the outer connection plate and the beam are fixedly connected by welding.

3. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the columns is 3, the number of the beams is 3, the columns and the beams are connected to form a platform in a triangular shape, the 3 columns correspond to 3 vertices of the platform, and the 3 sets of beams correspond to 3 sides of the platform.

4. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the columns is 4, and wherein 3 of the columns are circumferentially arranged along another of the columns and connected to another of the columns through the cross beam.

5. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 1, wherein the vertical column further comprises heave plates, and the heave plates are integrated with the vertical column body by concrete casting.

6. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 5, wherein the heave plates comprise an upper heave plate and/or a lower heave plate, the upper heave plate being positioned above the lower heave plate.

7. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 6, wherein the upper heave plate and/or the lower heave plate are provided with damping holes having through holes.

8. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 7, wherein the damping holes are larger in size at both ends and smaller in size at the middle.

9. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 5, wherein the heave plate extends through the spar body and forms a plurality of the cavities within the spar body.

10. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 1 or 9, wherein an uppermost cavity in the column body is an upper cavity, the inner connecting plate is located in the upper cavity, and the column is provided with a passage which communicates the inside of the upper cavity with the outside of the column body.

11. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 6, wherein the wind turbine body is mounted on the foundation and secured to the sea by an anchoring system, the upper heave plate is level with the sea surface, and the cross beam and the external connection plate are located above the upper heave plate.

12. Offshore wind turbine foundation according to claim 5, wherein the longitudinal direction of the mast body and/or the radial direction of the heave plate is provided with steel reinforcement with tensile prestress.

13. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 1, wherein the beam comprises a main steel pipe, and a pre-stressed cable with tensile pre-stress is arranged in the main steel pipe and fixed on the main steel pipe.

14. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 1, wherein the outer connection plate and the inner connection plate are connected by bolts.

15. The offshore wind turbine foundation of claim 14, wherein the column body is provided with a pre-buried hole or a spacer tube, and the bolt passes through the pre-buried hole or the spacer tube.

16. Offshore wind turbine comprising a foundation according to any of claims 1 to 15, a wind turbine body mounted on one of said uprights, and an anchoring system for fixing said foundation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an offshore wind turbine and a foundation, in particular to a semi-submersible foundation and an offshore wind turbine comprising the same.

Background

The wind energy reserve of the deep and distant sea area is the key point of offshore wind power development, and floating type fan power generation is the main technical means of the deep and distant sea area wind power development. At present, the floating foundation of the offshore wind turbine has three main forms: the semi-submersible type marine foundation comprises a single column type foundation, a semi-submersible type foundation and a tension leg type foundation, wherein the semi-submersible type foundation has good stability on the sea and is applied more.

The semi-submersible foundation is composed of upright posts, cross beams, heave plates, a mooring system and the like. Usually, the structure form of three-column or four-column, the size of the foundation structure is large, which results in large material consumption and high manufacturing cost.

Patent application publication No. CN213768914U 'offshore floating type wind turbine foundation', discloses a concrete and steel structure combined offshore wind turbine semi-submersible foundation. As shown in fig. 1, the column structure is made of a combination of concrete and steel, and is composed of an inner steel plate 1 ', an outer steel plate 2 ', and concrete 3 ' filled between the inner and outer steel plates, the beam is a truss structure made of steel, and the beam and the outer steel plate of the column are fixedly connected by welding. Through the stand structure that adopts concrete and steel combination, the steel quantity of basis reduces to some extent, nevertheless because stand structure includes outer steel sheet and interior steel sheet, and outer steel sheet and interior steel sheet from the top down are full to be included and are pressed from both sides the concrete, and the steel quantity of basis is still big, and manufacturing cost is still high. Concrete wraps up in outer steel sheet, and outer steel sheet and crossbeam welding, and the load transfer path between concrete and the crossbeam is unclear, and the connection reliability is not good enough.

If the upright posts are made of concrete and the cross beams are made of steel, the steel consumption can be reduced, but the upright posts and the cross beams are difficult to realize reliable connection.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects that in the prior art, reliable connection between a concrete upright column and a steel cross beam is difficult to realize, so that the consumption of basic steel is large and the cost is high, and provides an offshore wind turbine and a foundation.

The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an offshore wind turbine foundation, the basis includes many stands and multiunit crossbeam, the stand includes the stand body, the inside of stand body is equipped with the cavity, its characterized in that, the stand is reinforced concrete structure, the basis still including set up in the internal connection board in the cavity, and set up the external connection board in the stand body outside, the internal connection board with the external connection board passes through the fastener centre gripping on the stand body, the crossbeam with external connection board fixed connection, just the external connection board with the height of internal connection board with the highly matched with of crossbeam.

In this scheme, the basis is semi-submerged formula basis, including many stands and multiunit crossbeam. The stand adopts the structural style of pure reinforced concrete, and stand steel needs are little, and is with low costs. Set up outer junction plate and inner connecting plate, outer junction plate sets up in the stand body outside and links firmly with the crossbeam, and the inner connecting plate sets up in the cavity of stand body to with the bolt with inside and outside connecting plate centre gripping on the stand body, realize the reliable connection of crossbeam and stand, and crossbeam and stand pass through outer junction plate transmission load, and the load transmission route between crossbeam and the stand is clear and definite. Outer joint plate and inner joint plate need not wrap up the concrete, its size can realize the reliable connection of crossbeam and stand body can, its size is less than the size of stand body, reduces the consumptive material of inner joint plate and outer joint plate.

Preferably, the cross beam and the outer connecting plate are made of steel, and the outer connecting plate is fixedly connected with the cross beam through welding.

In this scheme, the material of crossbeam and outer connecting plate adopts steel, and outer connecting plate and crossbeam link firmly through the welding, and the welding is a common steel construction mode of linking firmly, connects simple reliable, construction convenience.

Preferably, the number of the upright columns is 3, the number of the cross beams is 3, the upright columns and the cross beams are connected to form a platform in a triangular shape, the 3 upright columns correspond to 3 vertexes of the platform, and the 3 groups of the cross beams correspond to 3 sides of the platform.

In this scheme, the structural style of 3 stands is adopted on the basis, and 3 stands and 3 groups of crossbeams form triangular structure, and the triangle-shaped structure itself has good stability, and the crossbeam can bear horizontal moment, can reduce the horizontal moment who bears on the anchor system cable wire, prevents that the basis from toppling in the sea area.

Preferably, the number of the upright columns is 4, wherein 3 of the upright columns are arranged along the circumference of the other upright column and are connected with the other upright column through the cross beam.

In this scheme, the structural style of 4 stands of adoption, for the structure of formula of dispersing, a stand is central stand, and 3 stands are circumference stands in addition to along evenly distributed around the central stand, the fan body is installed on central stand, whole fan stable in structure.

Preferably, the post further comprises a heave plate, and the heave plate is integrated with the post body by concrete casting.

In this scheme, set up on the stand and hang down the swing board to slow down the basis and install behind the sea area, the effect of swinging that hangs down under the sea water effect increases the stability of basis.

Preferably, the heave plate comprises an upper heave plate and/or a lower heave plate, and the upper heave plate is positioned above the lower heave plate.

In this scheme, set up the upper strata and hang down the board and/or the lower floor hangs down the board, adopt the stand structure that the board was hung down to one deck or multilayer, the one deck is hung down the simple structure of swinging the plate, and the multilayer is hung down the board and is swarmed the effect of hanging down of reducing the sea water effectually. When the upright post structure of the multi-layer heave plates is adopted, the heave plates are distributed at intervals, the heave effect of seawater can be effectively reduced, and the stability of the foundation is enhanced. The number of the heave plates is set according to the balance arrangement requirement of the foundation, the number of the heave plates on the upper layers of different stand columns is the same or different, and the number of the heave plates on the lower layers of different stand columns is also the same or different.

Preferably, the upper heave plate and/or the lower heave plate are/is provided with damping holes with through holes.

In this scheme, the damping hole has been seted up on the board is swung to the upper strata and/or the lower floor is swung to the lower floor, and the damping hole has the damping effect to the sea water, and the sea water passes through the damping hole when with the damping hole frictional heating, can become heat energy with the partly kinetic energy dissipation of sea water, reduces the sea water and to the effect of swinging that hangs down of swinging the board, the stability of reinforcing basis.

Preferably, the two ends of the damping hole are large in size, and the middle of the damping hole is small in size.

In this scheme, the structural style of damping orifice adoption horn mouth, the both ends of damping orifice are big, and the middle part is little, adopts this kind of damping orifice structure, and the damping of the many sea water in damping orifice is effectual.

Preferably, the heave plate penetrates through the pillar body and forms a plurality of cavities in the pillar body.

In this scheme, hang down and swing the board and run through the stand body and form a plurality of cavitys with the stand body, when the volume that guarantees the cavity satisfies basic buoyancy demand, avoid this internal single cavity of stand to bear big sea water pressure, strengthen the stand structure. Simultaneously, the board that sways runs through the stand body, when adopting the slipform to pour the manufacturing stand, can put up the mould with the help of the board that sways, facilitate for the construction.

Preferably, an uppermost cavity in the column body is an upper cavity, the inner connecting plate is located in the upper cavity, and the column is provided with a channel which communicates the inside of the upper cavity with the outside of the column body.

In this scheme, the internal connection board sets up in the upper portion cavity to set up the inside of passageway intercommunication upper portion cavity and the outside of stand body, make things convenient for personnel to get into the upper portion cavity and construct or maintain.

Preferably, the fan body is installed on the foundation and fixed in the sea area through an anchoring system, the upper heave plate is flush with the sea level, and the cross beam and the outer connecting plate are located above the upper heave plate.

In this scheme, set up crossbeam and outer connecting plate in the top of the board that sways that hangs down on the upper strata, make crossbeam and outer connecting plate be higher than the sea level, reduce the erosion and corrosion of sea water. And the upper heave plate also has the function of preventing seawater from the bottom of the heave plate from scouring the devices above the heave plate.

Preferably, the longitudinal direction of the pillar body and/or the radial direction of the heave plate are provided with steel bars with tensile prestress.

In this scheme, the setting has tensile prestressing force's reinforcing bar, and prestressing steel is vertical in the stand body, and prestressing steel is radial in the heave plate for the concrete is in the pressurized state, improves the fatigue resistance of structure, can reduce the concrete fracture simultaneously, improves the corrosion resistance of structure.

Preferably, the beam comprises a main steel pipe, a prestressed cable with tensile prestress is arranged in the main steel pipe, and the prestressed cable is fixed on the main steel pipe.

In the scheme, the prestressed cable is arranged in the main steel pipe, so that the fatigue resistance of the main steel pipe is improved.

Preferably, the column body is provided with a pre-buried hole or a partition pipe, and the bolt penetrates through the pre-buried hole or the partition pipe to connect the outer connecting plate and the inner connecting plate.

In this scheme, through setting up the buried hole in advance or separate the pipe for bolt and concrete are kept apart, avoid bolt installation, maintenance to produce the influence to the concrete, and the load transmission between stand and the crossbeam passes through the friction between stand and the outer joint plate, and the load transmission route that makes between outer joint plate, inner joint plate and the stand body is clear and definite.

Preferably, the outer connecting plate and the inner connecting plate are connected by bolts.

In this scheme, the bolt can also play the effect that improves the fatigue resistance of stand when playing connection outer junction plate and interior connecting plate. The pretightning force after the bolt tightening is transmitted to the concrete structure of stand through outer connecting plate and inner connecting plate on, makes the concrete be in the pressurized state, can reduce the fracture of concrete, improves concrete structure's fatigue resistance ability.

Offshore wind turbine comprising a foundation according to any of claims 1 to 15, a wind turbine body mounted on one of said uprights, and an anchoring system for fixing said foundation.

The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:

the stand adopts pure reinforced concrete's structural style, reduces the steel quantity of stand, and outer connecting plate and inner connecting plate size are less than the size of stand body simultaneously, reduce the consumptive material of inner connecting plate and outer connecting plate, reduce the construction cost of basis. The outer connecting plate and the inner connecting plate are arranged and clamped on the upright post by the fastener, so that the cross beam and the upright post are reliably connected, and the load transmission path between the cross beam and the upright post is clear. Prestress is applied to the steel bars of the stand columns, and the steel cables with prestress are arranged in the main steel pipes of the cross beams, so that the fatigue resistance of the stand columns and the cross beams is improved. The multi-layer heave plate is arranged, and the damping holes are formed in the heave plate, so that the stability of the foundation is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a column structure of a conventional foundation.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a first perspective structure of an offshore wind turbine foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a second perspective view of the offshore wind turbine structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a third view structural diagram of an offshore wind turbine foundation according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a fourth perspective of an offshore wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of the point i in fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a half sectional view from a fifth perspective of a pillar according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of the point ii in fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 7 at iii.

Fig. 10 is a sixth perspective structural view of the internal and external connection plates and the cross beam of the offshore wind turbine foundation according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of the portion iv in fig. 10.

FIG. 12 is a partial schematic structural view of a seventh perspective view of the inner and outer connecting plates and the cross member according to an embodiment of the invention

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a reinforcing structure of a column body according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the reinforcement structure of the heave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of a steel bar prestress tension formwork used in the construction of a column according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view illustrating a prestressed reinforcement tensioned on a formwork during column construction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of an offshore wind turbine foundation according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

the prior art is as follows: inner steel plate 1 ', outer steel plate 2 ', concrete 3 '

The invention comprises the following steps:

the air blower (1) at sea is provided with a fan,

anchoring system 2, lifting lug 3 and steel cable 6

The base 4, the platform 5, the upright 10,

a column body 11, a cavity 12, an upper cavity 13, a ladder 14, an end cover 15, a longitudinal main rib 16, a common reinforcing steel bar 17,

heave plates 20, an upper heave plate 21, a lower heave plate 22, damping holes 23, radial reinforcing steel bars 24, rounded corners 25,

an inner connecting plate 31, an outer connecting plate 32, a bolt 33, a pre-buried hole 34,

a beam 40, a main steel pipe 41, a prestressed cable 42, an anchorage 43, an end plate 44, an auxiliary steel pipe 45,

a blower body 50, a flange 51, a reinforcing plate 52, a stud 53,

mold frame 60, upper mold plate 61, lower mold plate 62, inner mold plate 63, outer mold plate 64

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The offshore wind turbine and the wind turbine, the offshore wind turbine foundation, the wind turbine foundation and the foundation are all differences which are only expressed and are substantially the same. However, please note that the fan body is a part of the fan and is not identical to the fan.

Fig. 2 to 17 are schematic structural diagrams of an offshore wind turbine and a foundation provided by the present invention, where 2 to 14 are schematic structural diagrams of an offshore wind turbine and a foundation provided by this embodiment, fig. 15 to 16 are schematic use diagrams of a formwork structure and a formwork for column construction according to the present invention, and fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a foundation in other embodiments.

As shown in fig. 3, the offshore wind turbine 1 includes a wind turbine body 50, a foundation 4, and an anchoring system 2, wherein the wind turbine body 50 is installed on the top of one of the columns 10, and the anchoring system 2 is used for fixing the foundation 4.

As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the offshore wind turbine 1 further includes a reinforcing plate 52, the reinforcing plate 52 is mounted on the top of one of the columns 10, and the wind turbine body 50 is mounted on the reinforcing plate 52. The reinforcing plate 52 serves as a local reinforcement. The bottom of the fan body 50 is provided with a flange 51, and a stud 53 is connected with the flange 51, the reinforcing plate 52 and the top of the upright post 10, so that the fan body 50 is mounted on the top of the upright post 10.

In other embodiments, the bottom structure of the blower body 50 may also be in other structural forms, and the stud 53 connection may also be replaced by other connection manners, so that the blower body 50 can be reliably fixed on the upright post 10.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the outer connecting plate 32 is provided with a lifting lug 3, the lifting lug 3 is welded on the outer connecting plate 32, the anchoring system 2 comprises a steel cable 6, one end of the steel cable 6 is fixed on the lifting lug 3, and the other end is fixed in the sea (not shown in the figure).

In other embodiments, the lifting lugs 3 and the steel cables 6 can be replaced by other structural forms, and the anchoring system 2 can be used for reliably fixing the foundation 4 in the sea.

After the offshore wind turbine 1 is installed in the sea area, a counterweight is placed in the cavity 12 of the upright 10, in this embodiment specifically in the upper cavity 13, to adjust the horizontal balance and the vertical waterline of the foundation, i.e. to adjust the balance of the offshore wind turbine 1. In other embodiments, the balancing weight can be hung or fixed on the outer side of the upright post to adjust the balance of the offshore wind turbine.

As shown in fig. 2-4 and 10, the foundation 4 is a semi-submersible foundation 4, and includes three columns 10 and three sets of beams 40, which are connected to form a platform 5 in the shape of a regular triangle, wherein the columns 10 correspond to three vertices of the regular triangle, and the beams 40 correspond to three sides of the regular triangle. The upright columns 10 and the cross beams 40 form a regular-triangular platform 5, the regular triangle is the most stable structure, meanwhile, the regular triangle is a rotational symmetry structure and an axial symmetry structure, and the structures of the upright columns 10, the cross beams 40, the inner connecting plates 31 and the outer connecting plates 32 are respectively and correspondingly the same, so that construction can be conveniently carried out by using the same drawing, and convenience is brought to design and manufacture of the foundation 4.

In other embodiments, the base 4 may also be a non-regular triangle, or another triangular structure, or a polygonal structure such as a quadrangle, a pentagon, or another regular polygonal structure such as a square, a regular pentagon, or another regular polygonal structure, in which the pillar 10 corresponds to a vertex of the polygon. When the foundation 4 is a polygonal structure, the number of the beams 40 may be different from the number of the columns 10, and the number of the beams 40 may be larger than the number of the columns 10, for example, when the foundation 4 is a quadrangle, four columns 10 correspond to four vertices of the quadrangle, four groups of the beams 40 correspond to four sides of the quadrangle, two groups of the beams 40 correspond to one side of the quadrangle, or other beams 40 correspond to diagonals of the quadrangle. The regular triangle base 4 structure in this embodiment is the most stable structure under the same consumable material.

In other embodiments, the base 4 may also be a divergent structure. As shown in fig. 14, the foundation 4 includes a central vertical column 10 and 3 circumferential vertical columns 10, the circumferential vertical columns 10 are connected to the central vertical column 10 through the cross beam 40, the wind turbine body 50 is mounted on the central vertical column 10, the whole offshore wind turbine 1 structure can maintain good stability, but one vertical column 10 is added on the foundation 4 of the three vertical columns 10, and consumables of the foundation 4 become large. In other embodiments, the foundation 4 may also be a divergent structure of one central upright post 10 and four, five, etc. circumferential upright posts 10, and the circumferential upright posts 10 are connected with the central upright post 10 through the cross beam 40. Wherein, circumference stand 10 also can use center stand 10 as the centre of a circle, at center stand 10 circumference equidistance evenly distributed, also can connect crossbeam 40 between the adjacent circumference stand 10 to the stability of reinforcing basis 4.

The stand 10 is reinforced concrete structure, and crossbeam 40 is the steel truss, and interior connecting plate 31 and outer joint plate 32 are the arc steel sheet, and outer joint plate 32 sets up in the outside of stand body 11, and crossbeam 40 passes through welded connection, and interior connecting plate 31 sets up in the inside upper portion cavity 13 of stand body 11, and interior connecting plate 31 and outer joint plate 32 pass through the bolt 33 centre gripping on the both sides of stand body 11. The inner connecting plate 31 and the outer connecting plate 32 are provided with holes for bolts to pass through.

The column of the reinforced concrete structure is easy to construct, the mould is used for pouring, the diameter is not limited, and the concrete ring technology with the diameter of more than 10 meters is not difficult; the concrete does not need large-scale equipment such as plate rolling equipment, the concrete upright post is easy to manufacture, the cost is saved, and the seawater corrosion resistance is realized.

In other embodiments, the material of the cross beam and the outer connecting plates and the inner connecting plates can be a specific material, and the connection mode of the cross beam and the outer connecting plates can also adopt other modes.

In the present embodiment, the pillar 10 and the heave plate 20 have a circular structure, and the inner connecting plate 31 and the outer connecting plate 32 have an arc structure matching with the pillar body 11. The structural forms of the heave plate 20 and the upright post body 11 are kept consistent, the effect of resisting the heave of seawater is good, the circular structure is uniformly stressed, and the stress concentration is small.

In other embodiments, the pillar body 11 and the heave plate 20 may also be in other shapes such as a polygon, the shapes of the outer connecting plate 32 and the inner connecting plate 31 are kept to be matched with the pillar body 11, and the polygonal pillar body 11 and the heave plate 20 are adopted to facilitate pouring of the frame mold, so that construction is convenient. However, the corners of the polygonal structure are prone to stress concentrations.

As shown in fig. 5 and 11, the outer connecting plate 32 is a cylindrical tube, the inner connecting plate 31 is 6 arc plates with the same size, and the outer connecting plate 32 and the inner connecting plate 31 are located above the upper heave plate 21 and correspond to the cross beam 40. The size of the external connecting plate 32 is obviously smaller than that of the column body 11, and the connection between the column 10 and the cross beam 40 is realized by using less connecting plate consumables. During the pouring of the column 10, the inner connection plate 31 is put in advance. The outer connecting plate 32 and the inner connecting plate 31 are used as a part of a pouring formwork, and pouring is facilitated. The outer connecting plate 32 is a whole body, and the load transmission is reliable and stable. The internal connection plate 31 is divided into several pieces, and has small volume and convenient transportation and installation.

In other embodiments, the inner connecting plate 31 may be a whole or divided into several plates, and the outer connecting plate 32 may be a whole or divided into several plates, both of which may achieve the function of connecting the inner connecting plate 31 and the outer connecting plate 32 to the upright column 10 and the cross beam 40. In other embodiments, the inner connecting plate 31 and the outer connecting plate 32 may not surround the column body 11 in the circumferential direction of the column body 11, and the inner connecting plate 31 and the outer connecting plate 32 are respectively one or more steel plates. The sizes of the outer connecting plate 32 and the inner connecting plate 31 can be adjusted according to actual conditions, the matching between the outer connecting plate and the cross beam 40 and the upright post 10 is met, and the reliable connection between the upright post 10 and the cross beam 40 can be realized.

As shown in fig. 8, a pre-buried hole 34 is provided in the pillar body 11, and a bolt 33 passes through the pre-buried hole 34 to connect the inner connecting plate 31 and the outer connecting plate 32, and clamp the inner connecting plate 31 and the outer connecting plate 32 to the pillar body 11. The bolts 33 are isolated from the concrete, the influence of the installation and maintenance of the bolts 33 on the concrete is avoided, and meanwhile, the load transmission paths among the outer connecting plates 32, the inner connecting plates 31 and the upright body 11 are clear.

In other embodiments, the embedded holes 34 may be replaced by spacer pipes or have other structural forms, so as to isolate the bolts 33 from the concrete. Or the bolt can be directly contacted with the concrete of the upright column without arranging a pre-buried hole.

In other embodiments, the bolt 33 connection between the outer connecting plate 32 and the inner connecting plate 31 can be added with a gasket matching with the shape of the connecting plate, or double nuts and other anti-loosening measures are adopted to increase the reliability of the connection. The fastening piece for connecting the outer connecting plate and the inner connecting plate, the bolt 33, may be replaced by other connecting means, so that the inner connecting plate 31 and the outer connecting plate 32 can be reliably connected.

As shown in fig. 2-3, each of the vertical posts 10 is provided with an upper heave plate 21 and two lower heave plates 22, and the three heave plates 20 on each of the vertical posts 10 are equidistantly distributed. Wherein, the lowest heave plate 20 is positioned at the bottom of the upright post 10, which can reduce the heave and facilitate the construction. The lower heave plate 22 is provided with a damping hole 23, and the upper heave plate 21 is not provided with the damping hole 23. As shown in fig. 7, a transition fillet 25 is provided between the pillar body 11 and the heave plate 20 to reduce stress concentration. The heave plate 20 extends through the column body 11 and forms a plurality of cavities 12 with the column body 11. The upper cavity 13 is a cavity 12 formed by the upper heave plate 21 and the vertical column body 11, the ladder 14 in the upper cavity 13 and the end cover 15 at the top of the vertical column 10 are passages, and the ladder 14 is communicated to the end cover 15. As shown in fig. 5, the cross member 40 and the outer connecting plate 32 are positioned above the upper heave plate 21, and the inner connecting plate 31 is positioned in the upper cavity 13.

In the present embodiment, the plurality of heave plates 20 are used, and the plurality of heave plates 20 have a good effect of reducing the heave of the seawater. The multiple layers of heave plates 20 are distributed at intervals, so that the heaving effect of seawater can be effectively reduced, and the stability of the foundation 4 is enhanced.

In other embodiments, the heave plate 20 may not be disposed on the vertical column 10, and the vertical column 10 can provide buoyancy for the offshore wind turbine 1. However, the foundation 4 without the heave plate 20 is easy to generate large heave motion under the action of seawater, and has poor stability.

In other embodiments, there may be both the upper heave plate 21 and the lower heave plate 22, or only the upper heave plate 21 or the lower heave plate 22. The upper heave plate 21 can be flush with the sea level or positioned near the sea level, or can be higher than the sea level; when the upper heave plate 21 is higher than the sea level, the effect of reducing seawater heave cannot be achieved, only the scouring corrosion of the seawater at the bottom can be avoided, and the effect of reinforcing the upright post body 11 is achieved. The lower heave plate 22 is positioned in seawater and can be one layer or a plurality of layers, and the effect of reducing the heaving of the seawater can be realized. When the heave plates 20 are multi-layered, the multi-layered heave plates 20 may be distributed at equal intervals or at unequal intervals, so that the seawater heave reduction effect can be achieved.

In this embodiment, each upright post 10 is provided with 3 layers of heave plates 20, and the balance of the foundation 4 is good.

In other embodiments, the vertical columns 10 may not be provided with heave plates, or different vertical columns 10 may be provided with different numbers of heave plates 20, for example, as shown in fig. 14, the foundation 4 of four vertical columns 10, two heave plates 20 may be provided on the vertical column 10 in the middle, and three heave plates 20 may be provided on the vertical column 10 in the circumferential direction, so as to satisfy the balance of the foundation 4 installed in the sea area.

As shown in FIG. 7, the damping holes 23 are not formed in the upper heave plate 21, and the damping holes 23 are formed in the lower heave plate 22. The damping holes 23 are not formed in the upper heave plate 21, so that bottom seawater can be prevented from passing through the damping holes 23 and washing the outer connecting plate 32 above the upper heave plate 21. The damping holes 23 have a damping effect on seawater, and the seawater generates heat through friction with the damping holes 23 when passing through the damping holes 23, so that part of kinetic energy of the seawater can be dissipated into heat energy, the heaving effect of the seawater on the heaving plate 20 is reduced, and the stability of the foundation 4 is enhanced.

In other embodiments, the heave plate 20 may not be provided with damping blocks, or the upper heave plate 21 may be provided with damping holes 23, and the lower heave plate 22 may not be provided with damping holes 23, so that the heave plate 20 can reduce the seawater heave.

As shown in fig. 9, the heave plate 20 is provided with a damping hole 23, and the damping hole 23 is a through hole with two large ends and a small middle part. The damping hole 23 adopts a horn mouth structure, the two ends of the damping hole 23 are large, the middle part of the damping hole 23 is small, and the damping effect of the damping hole 23 with more seawater is good by adopting the damping hole structure

In other embodiments, the damping hole 23 may have other shapes such as a cylindrical shape, so long as it can achieve a damping effect.

As shown in fig. 7, the heave plate 20 penetrates through the column body 11 and forms a plurality of cavities 12 with the column body 11, so as to prevent a single cavity 12 in the column body 11 from bearing large seawater pressure and strengthen the structure of the column 10. Meanwhile, the heave plate 20 penetrates through the upright post body 11, and when the upright post 10 is manufactured by slip form pouring, the mold can be erected by means of the heave plate 20, so that convenience is brought to construction.

In other embodiments, the heaving plate 20 may not penetrate through the pillar body 11, and the effect of reducing the seawater heaving may be achieved.

The uppermost cavity 12 in the post body 11 is an upper cavity 13. in this embodiment, the upper cavity 13 is the cavity 12 formed by the post body 11 and the upper heave plate 21. The ladder 14 in the upper cavity 13 and the end cap 15 at the top of the mast 10 are passageways through which the ladder 14 communicates with the end cap 15. The end caps 15 and the ladder 14 facilitate personnel to enter the upper cavity 13, maintain the devices in the upper cavity 13, such as the bolts 33, the studs 53, the prestressed cables 42, and the like in the upper cavity 13, and place a counterweight in the upper cavity after the offshore wind turbine is installed in the sea area.

In other embodiments, the passage may be in other forms of structure, such as to allow a person to enter the cavity 12 inside the column body 11 from outside the column 10. If the main steel pipe 41 is provided with a cover plate which can be opened and closed, a person enters the upper cavity 13 from the cover plate of the main steel pipe 41 on the heave plate 20.

As shown in fig. 5, the cross member 40 and the outer connecting plate 32 are positioned above the upper heave plate 21, and the inner connecting plate 31 is positioned in the upper cavity 13. The erosion and corrosion of the cross beam 40 and the heave plate 20 by seawater can be reduced.

In other embodiments, the cross beam 40 and the outer connecting plate 32 may also be located in seawater, the inner connecting plate 31 may not be disposed in the upper cavity 13 of the column 10, and the positions of the outer connecting plate 32 and the inner connecting plate 31 correspond to the position of the cross beam 40, so that the connection between the cross beam 40 and the column 10 can be achieved.

As shown in fig. 2, the cross beam 40 is a truss structure, the cross beam 40 includes main steel pipes 41 and auxiliary steel pipes 45, four main steel pipes 41 are provided on one group of cross beams 40, and the other steel pipes except the main steel pipes 41 are the auxiliary steel pipes 45. As shown in fig. 11, the sub steel pipe 45 is welded to the main steel pipe 41, the main steel pipe 41 extends into the upper cavity 13 through the outer connection plate 32, and the main steel pipe 41 and the outer connection plate 32 are connected by welding. As shown in fig. 12, a prestressed cable 42 having a tensile prestress is provided in the main steel pipe 41, and is fixed to both ends of the main steel pipe 41 by anchors 43 and end plates 44.

The end of the main steel pipe 41 passes through the external connection plate 32 and the column body 11 and extends into the upper cavity 13, the length of the main steel pipe 41 is long, welding construction between the cross beam 40 and the external connection plate 32 is facilitated, and meanwhile, the end of the main steel pipe 41 is located in the upper cavity 13, and maintenance of the prestressed cable 42 is facilitated in the working process of the offshore wind turbine 1.

In this embodiment, the main pipe steel pipe of the cross beam 40 and the outer connecting plate 32 are fixedly connected by welding. Welding is a common fixed connection mode, and connection is reliable. In the construction process, the connection between the cross beam 40 and the outer connecting plate 32 can be completed, and then the cross beam 40 and the outer connecting plate 32 are placed at corresponding positions to complete the pouring of the upright post 10.

In other embodiments, the cross member 40 and the connection between the cross member 40 and the upright may take other configurations. In other embodiments, in addition to the main steel pipes 41 being welded to the outer connection plates 32, the secondary steel pipes 45 of the cross beam 40 may also be welded to the outer connection plates 32. In other embodiments, the cross beam 40 and the outer connecting plate 32 may also be fixedly connected in other manners, so that the cross beam 40 and the outer connecting plate 32 can be reliably connected. For example, a T-shaped flange is provided at the end of the main steel pipe 41, and then the T-shaped flange is fixed to the outer connecting plate 32 by a screw connection.

In other embodiments, the cross beam 40 can be fixedly connected to the inner connecting plate 31, as long as the reliable connection between the cross beam 40 and the upright 10 is achieved. However, the cross member 40 is fixedly connected to the outer connecting plate 32, and the construction is more convenient than the cross member 40 is fixedly connected to the inner connecting plate 31.

The cross beam 40 adopts a truss structure, the steel consumption is small, the construction is convenient through welding connection, the structural strength is high, and the economical efficiency is better.

The prestressed cables 42 are provided in the main steel pipes 41, and the prestressed cables 42 apply prestress to the main steel pipes 41, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity and fatigue resistance of the main steel pipes 41.

As shown in fig. 13, a plurality of longitudinal main reinforcements 16 and common reinforcements 17 are arranged inside the column body 11, and the longitudinal main reinforcements 16 and the common reinforcements 17 are bound together. As shown in fig. 14, an upper and a lower layers of radial reinforcing bars 24 and general reinforcing bars 17 are provided in one heave plate 20, and the radial reinforcing bars 24 and the general reinforcing bars 17 are bound together. Adopt double-deck steel bar structure in order to improve the structural strength and the bearing capacity of stand.

Wherein the longitudinal main bars 16 and the radial reinforcing bars 24 are applied with tensile prestress. As shown in fig. 15 to 16, the longitudinal main reinforcements 16 and the radial reinforcements 24 are tensioned and fixed on the formwork 60 during the structural casting of the column 10, wherein the longitudinal main reinforcements 16 are fixed by an upper formwork 61 and a lower formwork 62, the radial reinforcements are fixed by an inner formwork 63 and an outer formwork 64, and tensile prestress is applied to the longitudinal main reinforcements 16 and the radial reinforcements 24. The length of the longitudinal main reinforcements 16 and the length of the radial reinforcements 24 are longer than that of the formwork, so that the reinforcements can be fixed on the formwork conveniently and prestress can be applied conveniently, and redundant reinforcements are cut off after pouring is finished.

By applying tensile prestress on the longitudinal main reinforcements 16 and the radial reinforcements 24, after the upright post 10 is poured, the formwork is removed, and the prestress on the reinforcements can be applied to the concrete, so that the concrete is in a pressed state, the cracking and corrosion of the concrete can be reduced, the fatigue resistance of the concrete can be improved, and the corrosion resistance and the fatigue resistance of the upright post 10 can be improved.

In other embodiments, the steel bars in the pillar body 11 and the heave plate 20 may also adopt other arrangement forms or prestress loading manners, so as to improve the corrosion resistance, the fatigue resistance, the structural strength or the bearing capacity of the pillar 10.

The exterior of the upright post 10 and the cross beam 40 are coated with anticorrosive paint, the upright post 10 is coated with concrete special paint, and the cross beam 40 is coated with paint, so as to improve the corrosion resistance of the foundation 4.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.