阅读说明：本技术 一种观测分子无规则运动的实验装置及其方法 (Experimental device and method for observing irregular movement of molecules ) 是由 刘龚征 于 2021-09-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种观测分子无规则运动的实验装置及其方法,所述的观测分子无规则运动的实验装置包括：气体针筒、导管、洗气瓶、试剂针筒；所述的气体针筒与导管相连后与洗气瓶连通；所述的试剂针筒与导管相连后与洗气瓶连通；所述的气体针筒包括针筒与推杆,所述的气体针筒的针筒为透明针筒；所述的推杆的一端设置有手握柄,另一端外环设置有底部挡圈,所述的推杆与底部挡圈转动连接,所述的推杆与底部挡圈接触部位设置有导气孔,通过旋转气体针筒的推杆可以实现空气的导入；本专利解决了人教版七年级上册气体混合实验过程中有色气体的制备,混合及有毒气体无泄漏处理,整个过程在密闭环境中进行,无有害气体泄露,可以在课堂教学时进行演示。(The invention provides an experimental device and method for observing the random movement of molecules, wherein the experimental device for observing the random movement of the molecules comprises the following components: a gas cylinder, a conduit, a gas washing bottle and a reagent cylinder; the gas cylinder is connected with the guide pipe and then communicated with the gas washing bottle; the reagent needle cylinder is connected with the guide pipe and then communicated with the gas washing bottle; the gas needle cylinder comprises a needle cylinder and a push rod, and the needle cylinder of the gas needle cylinder is a transparent needle cylinder; a grab handle is arranged at one end of the push rod, a bottom check ring is arranged on the outer ring of the other end of the push rod, the push rod is rotatably connected with the bottom check ring, an air guide hole is formed in the contact part of the push rod and the bottom check ring, and air can be guided in by rotating the push rod of the air syringe; this patent has solved the preparation of people's religion version seven grades of registered gas mixing in-process coloured gas, mixes and toxic gas does not have the leakage processing, and whole process goes on in airtight environment, and no harmful gas reveals, can demonstrate when classroom teaching.)

1. An experimental device for observing the irregular movement of molecules is characterized in that: the experimental device for observing the irregular movement of the molecules comprises: a gas cylinder, a conduit, a gas washing bottle and a reagent cylinder;

the gas cylinder is connected with the guide pipe and then communicated with the gas washing bottle;

the reagent needle cylinder is connected with the guide pipe and then communicated with the gas washing bottle;

the gas needle cylinder comprises a needle cylinder and a push rod, and the needle cylinder of the gas needle cylinder is a transparent needle cylinder; the air-guiding device is characterized in that a grab handle is arranged at one end of the push rod, a bottom check ring is arranged on the outer ring of the other end of the push rod, the push rod is rotatably connected with the bottom check ring, an air guide hole is formed in the contact part of the push rod and the bottom check ring, and air can be guided in by rotating the push rod of the air syringe.

2. An experimental device for observing the random movement of molecules according to claim 1, wherein:

the gas washing bottle is used for storing colored gas or experimental raw materials capable of generating colored gas;

the reagent needle cylinder is used for storing a reagent which can absorb colored gas and generate an environment-friendly product reaction with a product generated after the reaction with the gas washing bottle.

3. An experimental device for observing the random movement of molecules according to claim 1, wherein: the gas cylinder of the gas cylinder is provided with a gas sealing cover near the push rod handle, and the gas sealing cover is provided with a gas inlet and a gas plug.

4. An experimental device for observing the random movement of molecules according to claim 1, wherein: besides the duct insertion openings of the gas cylinder and the reagent cylinder, the gas washing cylinder is also provided with a reagent feeding hole, and the reagent feeding hole is provided with a matched plug.

5. An experimental device for observing the random movement of molecules according to claim 1, wherein: at least one section of the conduit for connecting the reagent needle cylinder, the gas needle cylinder and the gas washing bottle is a hose, and the hose is provided with a water stop clip matched with the hose.

6. An experimental device for observing the random movement of molecules according to claim 1, wherein: the push rod is further provided with a top check ring at one end far away from the grab handle, and a sealing ring is arranged between the bottom check ring and the top check ring.

7. An experimental method for observing the irregular movement of molecules is characterized in that: the experimental device required by the experimental method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a gas washing bottle, a reagent needle cylinder, a gas needle cylinder, two guide pipes with hose parts and two water stop clamps;

the gas needle cylinder comprises a needle cylinder and a push rod, and the needle cylinder of the gas needle cylinder is a transparent needle cylinder; a grab handle is arranged at one end of the push rod, a bottom retaining ring is arranged on the outer ring of the other end of the push rod, the push rod is rotationally connected with the bottom retaining ring, an air guide hole is formed in the contact position of the push rod and the bottom retaining ring, and air can be guided in by rotating the push rod of the air syringe;

a gas sealing cover is arranged on the needle cylinder of the gas needle cylinder close to the push rod hand grab handle, and an air inlet and an air plug are arranged on the gas sealing cover;

the gas washing bottle is connected with two guide pipes with hoses, and the two guide pipes are respectively connected with a reagent needle cylinder and a gas needle cylinder;

the experimental method comprises the following steps:

firstly, generating colored gas in a gas washing bottle through experimental reaction; clamping the water stop clamp on a guide pipe connected with the reagent syringe, and waiting for colored gas to enter the gas syringe through the guide pipe;

secondly, slowly pulling the push rod of the gas cylinder backwards, closing a water stop clamp of the gas cylinder after the gas cylinder is fully filled with partial colored gas and reaches natural balance, closing a gas plug on a gas sealing cover, rotating the push rod anticlockwise, opening a gas guide hole on the push rod, and naturally mixing the colored gas with the air in the cylinder through the gas guide hole;

pulling the push rod to the bottom after observation is finished, then screwing the pull rod clockwise, closing the gas guide hole, opening a water stop clamp on the gas syringe, and pushing gas into the gas washing bottle;

opening a water stop clamp on a catheter of the reagent needle cylinder, wherein a reagent capable of absorbing colored gas, reacting with a product in the gas washing bottle and producing an environment-friendly product is filled in the reagent needle cylinder; and pushing the reagent in the reagent syringe into the gas washing bottle until the reaction is completed.

8. An experimental method for observing random molecular movements according to claim 7, wherein:

the colored gas generated in the gas washing bottle is nitrogen dioxide and is generated by the reaction of copper powder and concentrated nitric acid; the reagent in the reagent needle cylinder is sodium hydroxide.

9. An experimental method for observing random molecular movements according to claim 7, wherein:

the gas washing bottle is also provided with a concentrated nitric acid adding hole, and in the experimental process, after the concentrated nitric acid is added through a dropper, the concentrated nitric acid adding hole is immediately plugged by a plug.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of chemical experiments, in particular to an experimental device and method for observing irregular movement of molecules.

Background

In order to verify that the molecules continuously do irregular thermal motion in the current teaching book of seven-grade college, the experiment of observing the mixture of colored gas, namely nitrogen dioxide and air is arranged, the scheme given on the current book is that two small-mouth reagent bottles are attached, a glass plate is clamped between the two small-mouth reagent bottles, and the two small-mouth reagent bottles are shown in detail in a figure 3, wherein the two small-mouth reagent bottles are respectively filled with the nitrogen dioxide and the air; during the experiment, the glass plate was removed and the gases were mixed. However, inevitable leakage can occur in the experimental process, and nitrogen dioxide is a toxic and harmful gas, so that the environment can be polluted and the health of students can be harmed; therefore, in the teaching process of teachers, the generation process of nitrogen dioxide cannot be demonstrated on the spot in the experiment; after the observation of the experimental phenomenon is finished, the nitrogen dioxide is not easy to treat, and the health of students is possibly affected.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the existing experimental method for verifying that the molecules continuously do irregular thermal motion, the patent provides an experimental device and method capable of demonstrating the regular phenomenon in an on-site experiment on a teaching site. The preparation of colored gas in the process of the gas mixing experiment of the seven-grade registration of the human religion version is solved, and the mixed and toxic gas is processed without leakage.

This patent includes the following:

an experimental device for observing random molecular motion, comprising: a gas cylinder, a conduit, a gas washing bottle and a reagent cylinder;

the gas cylinder is connected with the guide pipe and then communicated with the gas washing bottle;

the reagent needle cylinder is connected with the guide pipe and then communicated with the gas washing bottle;

the gas needle cylinder comprises a needle cylinder and a push rod, and the needle cylinder of the gas needle cylinder is a transparent needle cylinder; the air-guiding device is characterized in that a grab handle is arranged at one end of the push rod, a bottom check ring is arranged on the outer ring of the other end of the push rod, the push rod is rotatably connected with the bottom check ring, an air guide hole is formed in the contact part of the push rod and the bottom check ring, and air can be guided in by rotating the push rod of the air syringe.

Preferably, the gas washing bottle in the experimental device for observing the irregular movement of the molecules is used for storing colored gas or experimental raw materials capable of generating the colored gas;

the reagent needle cylinder is used for storing a reagent which can absorb colored gas and generate an environment-friendly product reaction with a product generated after the reaction with the gas washing bottle.

Preferably, a gas sealing cover is arranged on a position, close to the push rod hand grip, of a needle cylinder of the gas needle cylinder in the experimental device for observing the irregular movement of the molecules, and the gas sealing cover is provided with a gas inlet hole and a gas plug.

Preferably, the gas washing bottle in the experimental device for observing the irregular movement of molecules is provided with a reagent adding hole besides the conduit insertion openings of the gas syringe and the reagent syringe, and the reagent adding hole is provided with a matched plug.

Preferably, at least one section of the conduit connecting the reagent syringe, the gas syringe and the gas washing bottle in the experimental device for observing the irregular movement of the molecules is a hose, and the hose is provided with a water stop clip matched with the hose.

Preferably, the push rod in the experimental apparatus for observing the irregular movement of molecules is further provided with a top check ring at one end far away from the grab handle, and a sealing ring is arranged between the bottom check ring and the top check ring.

An experimental method for observing irregular molecular motion needs to use an experimental device, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a gas washing bottle, a reagent needle cylinder, a gas needle cylinder, two guide pipes with hose parts and two water stop clamps;

the gas needle cylinder comprises a needle cylinder and a push rod, and the needle cylinder of the gas needle cylinder is a transparent needle cylinder; a grab handle is arranged at one end of the push rod, a bottom retaining ring is arranged on the outer ring of the other end of the push rod, the push rod is rotationally connected with the bottom retaining ring, an air guide hole is formed in the contact position of the push rod and the bottom retaining ring, and air can be guided in by rotating the push rod of the air syringe;

a gas sealing cover is arranged on the needle cylinder of the gas needle cylinder close to the push rod hand grab handle, and an air inlet and an air plug are arranged on the gas sealing cover;

the gas washing bottle is connected with two guide pipes with hoses, and the two guide pipes are respectively connected with a reagent needle cylinder and a gas needle cylinder;

the experimental method comprises the following steps:

firstly, generating colored gas in a gas washing bottle through experimental reaction; clamping the water stop clamp on a guide pipe connected with the reagent syringe, and waiting for colored gas to enter the gas syringe through the guide pipe;

secondly, slowly pulling the push rod of the gas cylinder backwards, closing a water stop clamp of the gas cylinder after the gas cylinder is fully filled with partial colored gas and reaches natural balance, closing a gas plug on a gas sealing cover, rotating the push rod anticlockwise, opening a gas guide hole on the push rod, and naturally mixing the colored gas with the air in the cylinder through the gas guide hole;

pulling the push rod to the bottom after observation is finished, then screwing the pull rod clockwise, closing the gas guide hole, opening a water stop clamp on the gas syringe, and pushing gas into the gas washing bottle;

opening a water stop clamp on a catheter of the reagent needle cylinder, wherein a reagent capable of absorbing colored gas, reacting with a product in the gas washing bottle and producing an environment-friendly product is filled in the reagent needle cylinder; and pushing the reagent in the reagent syringe into the gas washing bottle until the reaction is completed.

Preferably, in the experimental method for observing the irregular movement of molecules, the colored gas generated in the gas washing bottle is nitrogen dioxide and is generated by the reaction of copper powder and concentrated nitric acid; the reagent in the reagent needle cylinder is sodium hydroxide.

Preferably, in the experimental method for observing the irregular movement of the molecules, the gas washing bottle is further provided with a concentrated nitric acid adding hole, and in the experimental process, after the concentrated nitric acid is added through a dropper, the concentrated nitric acid adding hole is immediately plugged by a plug.

The colored gas in the invention adopts nitrogen dioxide and is reddish brown. In essence, the colored gas can be replaced by other colored gases; only the corresponding reaction reagent needs to be changed correspondingly, and the neutralization reagent in the reagent needle cylinder needs to be changed correspondingly and adaptively, so that the harmless treatment of the reaction product and the absorption of colored gases, such as sulfur dioxide and the like, are finally realized.

The basic points of the invention are as follows:

1. the whole set of device consists of two syringes, a gas washing bottle, two water stop clamps and two rubber guide pipes; the device can be used for completing the preparation of colored gas nitrogen dioxide, the mixing experiment of nitrogen dioxide and air, the neutralization of concentrated nitric acid and the non-leakage recovery of nitrogen dioxide gas at one time.

2. The invention adopts a push rod with air guide holes, and the conduction and the closing of the air in the two independent closed cavities can be realized by rotating the push rod.

3. The invention seamlessly connects the preparation of the colored gas and the gas mixing experiment, thereby avoiding the gas leakage.

4. The invention is provided with the sodium hydroxide reagent injection port, can neutralize the concentrated nitric acid after the experiment is finished, and reduces the pollution to the environment.

The invention has the advantages of

1. The gas diffusion experiment can be carried into the class for demonstration, thereby facilitating scientific study.

2. The poisonous nitrogen dioxide gas and sodium hydroxide complete neutralization reaction in the gas washing bottle to generate non-toxic and harmless sodium sulfite and water, which can not cause harm to the body of students and can not cause pollution to the environment.

3. The experimental device equipment that this patent provided is simple, the operation of being convenient for.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the experimental device of the patent.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the gas cylinder according to the present patent.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a device for observing the irregular movement of molecules in a teaching material of a human teaching version in the prior art.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a gas cylinder; 11. a needle cylinder; 12. a push rod; 13. a bottom retainer ring; 14. a top retainer ring; 15. a seal ring; 16. an air vent; 17. a gas seal cover; 18. a gas plug; 19. a grab handle; 2. a gas washing bottle; 3. a reagent syringe; 4. a rubber hose; 5. a glass conduit; 6. a reagent addition port; 7. an air bottle; 8. a glass plate; 9. a nitrogen dioxide bottle.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as being limited thereto.

Example (b):

as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides an experimental apparatus for observing irregular movement of molecules, which includes a gas cylinder 1, a gas washing bottle 2, a reagent cylinder 3, a rubber hose 4, a glass conduit 5, and a reagent inlet 6, wherein the gas cylinder 1 is made of a transparent material, the cylinder is connected with the rubber hose 4, the rubber hose 4 is connected with the glass conduit 5, and the glass conduit 5 is connected with the gas washing bottle 2 through a rubber plug of the gas washing bottle 2; the reagent needle cylinder 3 is connected with a rubber plug on the gas washing bottle 2 through a rubber hose and a glass conduit as the gas needle cylinder 1 so as to be communicated with the gas washing bottle; the rubber plug of the gas washing bottle 2 is provided with three holes, two holes are insertion holes of the glass guide pipe 5, and the other hole is a reagent adding port 6, after the reagent is added, the hole needs to be plugged by a plug, so that the generated harmful gas is prevented from diffusing into the environment to cause pollution; the size of the insertion holes on the glass conduit and the rubber plug should be matched, so that the generation of gaps and the overflow of harmful gas are avoided.

As shown in fig. 2, the gas cylinder 1 in this embodiment includes a cylinder 11 and a push rod 12, the gas cylinder 1 of this patent is formed by modifying the existing injection cylinder, one end of the push rod 12 is provided with a hand grip 19, the outer ring of the other end is provided with a bottom retainer ring 13, the push rod 12 is rotatably connected with the bottom retainer ring 13, the bottom retainer ring 13 here includes a cylindrical sleeve besides a round block for pushing and pulling the cylinder, and the contact part of the push rod is screwed into the sleeve to realize the connection with the bottom retainer ring; the contact part of the push rod and the bottom retainer ring is provided with an air guide hole 16, the air guide hole 16 can be arranged on a sleeve of the bottom retainer ring or on the push rod, and the purpose is that when the push rod 12 rotates anticlockwise along the bottom sleeve, the communication of the air guide hole 16 is realized through the advance and retreat of the relative position of the push rod and the sleeve, namely, the natural convection of air is realized in two spaces in the needle cylinder divided by the bottom retainer ring 13 into the needle cylinder 11; the irregular thermal movement process of molecules passes through two spaces separated by a bottom retainer ring 13 in the needle cylinder, and the colored gas and the air freely move through the air guide holes so as to observe.

The experimental method for the random movement of molecules provided by this embodiment includes the following processes:

in the experimental process, a reagent needle cylinder is sucked into a proper amount of sodium hydroxide solution, the sodium hydroxide solution is connected with a rubber bottle plug of a gas washing bottle through a rubber hose, and the rubber hose is fastened by a water stop clamp after the connection. The air syringe is also connected with the rubber bottle stopper of the gas washing bottle through a rubber hose and a glass conduit, and the syringe push rod is pushed to the bottommost part. Preparing copper powder and concentrated nitric acid, adding the copper powder into a gas washing bottle, covering a rubber plug, adding the concentrated nitric acid into the gas washing bottle by using a dropper through the rubber plug of the gas washing bottle, immediately covering a plug of a reagent adding port after the adding is finished, generating nitrogen dioxide gas, and when the gas washing bottle is filled with the nitrogen dioxide gas, slowly pulling a syringe push rod to an intermediate position, wherein the pulling push rod is changed according to the generation of colored gas nitrogen dioxide, so that the pressure difference generated in two spaces separated by a bottom check ring in the syringe is avoided. Then anticlockwise rotation syringe push rod for the air guide hole on the push rod spills the top of connecting seat, at this moment with the sealing-up clamp with the rubber hose that has mist step up, at this moment can observe experimental phenomenon.

And after the observation is finished, pulling the push rod to the top, clockwise screwing the push rod, opening the water stop clamp of the mixed gas, pushing the gas into the gas washing bottle, taking down the water stop clamp of the sodium hydroxide syringe, pushing the sodium hydroxide into the gas washing bottle, finishing the neutralization reaction, and generating sodium sulfite and water.

The invention has the advantages of

1. Because the whole colored gas generation and the observation of the experimental phenomenon are carried out in a closed environment, the gas diffusion experiment can be brought into the class for demonstration, and the scientific study is facilitated.

2. The poisonous nitrogen dioxide gas and sodium hydroxide complete neutralization reaction in the gas washing bottle to generate non-toxic and harmless sodium sulfite and water, which can not cause harm to the body of students and can not cause pollution to the environment.

In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may differ in the shape of the components, the names of the components, and the like. All equivalent or simple changes of the structure, the characteristics and the principle of the invention which are described in the patent conception of the invention are included in the protection scope of the patent of the invention. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.