阅读说明：本技术 一种基于脉动换热和水氧除碳一体化的空间核电循环系统 (Space nuclear power circulation system based on integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization ) 是由 鹿鹏 魏剑 杨沁山 叶启航 黄护林 于 2021-09-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于脉动换热和水氧除碳一体化的空间核电循环系统,包括内循环回路和外循环回路；内循环回路中通过核反应堆中流出的高温液体金属在脉动换热器中与外循环回路中的氦气进行换热；氦气升温后进入涡轮机发电,并经过回热器流向水氧除碳一体化装置；流出的氦气经过冷却器的进一步散热后,进入压缩机,由压缩机流入回热器中,预热至固定温度后,再进入脉动换热器进行下一轮换热；本发明还提供了换热介质脉动装置及控制模块,通过自定义参数,周期调节阀门开度,使换热介质产生周期脉动,进一步提升换热效率；引入了水氧除碳一体化装置,实现废水利用和氧气制取,除去二氧化碳,维持空间系统中的生存环境。(The invention discloses a space nuclear power circulation system based on integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen carbon removal, which comprises an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop, wherein the inner circulation loop is connected with the outer circulation loop through a water pipe; high-temperature liquid metal flowing out of the nuclear reactor in the internal circulation loop exchanges heat with helium in the external circulation loop in the pulse heat exchanger; the helium enters a turbine to generate power after being heated, and flows to the water oxygen and carbon removal integrated device through a heat regenerator; after further heat dissipation of the cooler, the helium gas flowing out enters a compressor, flows into a heat regenerator from the compressor, is preheated to a fixed temperature, and then enters a pulse heat exchanger to perform next round of heat exchange; the invention also provides a heat exchange medium pulsation device and a control module, which periodically adjust the opening of the valve through self-defined parameters to enable the heat exchange medium to generate periodic pulsation and further improve the heat exchange efficiency; the water-oxygen decarbonization integrated device is introduced, so that the utilization of wastewater and the preparation of oxygen are realized, carbon dioxide is removed, and the living environment in a space system is maintained.)

1. A space nuclear power circulation system based on integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen carbon removal is characterized by comprising an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop;

the internal circulation loop comprises a nuclear reactor (1), and the nuclear reactor (1) is sequentially connected with a pressure buffer device (2), a gas-liquid separator (3) and a pulse heat exchanger (4) through pipelines; liquid metal is adopted as an internal circulation medium in the pipeline, and after heat exchange is completed in the pulse heat exchanger (4), the liquid metal flows back to the nuclear reactor through the electromagnetic pump (5);

the external circulation loop adopts helium as an external circulation medium; helium gas flows to a turbine (7) through a pipeline after heat exchange is completed in the pulse heat exchanger (4); the turbine (7) is externally connected with a generator (8); helium flows into a heat medium loop of the heat regenerator (9) after passing through the turbine (7), sequentially flows into the water-oxygen carbon removal integrated device (10) and the cooler (11), is compressed by the compressor (14), and then flows back to a cold medium loop of the heat regenerator (9); helium is preheated by the heat regenerator (9) and finally flows back to the pulse heat exchanger (4); the generator (8) is connected with the compressor (14).

2. The space nuclear power cycle system based on the integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pulse heat exchanger (4) comprises a heat medium pulse device (15), a heat exchange tank and a cold medium pulse device (18); the middle section of the heat exchange tank is a cold medium heat exchange space, and two ends of the heat exchange tank are separated by a baffle (16); a plurality of baffle plates (17) are arranged in the cold medium heat exchange space along the upper tank wall and the lower tank wall in a staggered manner; the cold medium pulsation device (18) is arranged at one side of the cold medium heat exchange space, and the cold medium outlet is arranged on the tank wall at the other side far away from the cold medium pulsation device; the heat medium input end and the heat medium output end are sequentially arranged on two sides of the heat exchange tank; the heat medium pulsation device (15) is arranged outside the heat medium input end, and the heat medium output end is connected with a heat medium outlet; the heat medium input end is connected with the heat medium output end through a plurality of heat exchange pipelines which transversely penetrate through the cold medium heat exchange space; after heat exchange and temperature reduction are finished in the heat exchange pipeline, the liquid metal flows out of the pulsating heat exchanger (4) through the heat medium outlet; helium gas exchanges heat in the cold medium heat exchange space and rises in temperature, and then flows out of the pulse heat exchanger (4) through the cold medium outlet.

3. The space nuclear power cycle system based on the integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the same control module is adopted by the heat medium pulsation device (15) and the cold medium pulsation device; the control module comprises an external power supply (19), an input end (20), a control circuit (21), a hydraulic device (22) and a flow regulating valve (23); the control circuit (21) is powered by an external power supply (19), parameters are input through an input end (20), the hydraulic device (22) is controlled to generate periodically-changed pressure, the flow regulating valve (23) is subjected to hydraulic acting force of the hydraulic device (22), the opening of the valve is periodically regulated, and the heat exchange medium generates periodic pulsation.

4. The space nuclear power circulation system based on integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heat exchange tank body and the heat exchange pipeline are both made of tungsten-rhenium alloy.

5. The space nuclear power circulation system based on integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the integration of water-oxygen decarbonization (10) comprises a wastewater distiller (24), a wastewater pump (25), a steam condenser (26), a wastewater circulation cabinet (27), a condensed water cabinet (28), an electrolytic water device (29), an oxygen storage tank (30), a hydrogen storage tank (31), a steam-water separator (32), CO₂A hydrogenation reaction device (33) and a helium gas pressure stabilizing pump (34); after the wastewater is collected by the wastewater circulating cabinet (27), one part of the wastewater flows into the wastewater distiller (24), and the other part of the wastewater is pumped into the steam condenser (26) through the wastewater pump (25) to be used as a condensing medium; the waste water distiller (24) distills waste water, hot steam flows into a steam condenser (26) through a pipeline for condensation treatment, and formed liquid water flows into a condensate water cabinet (28) for storage; the water electrolysis device (29) receives liquid water flowing into the condensed water cabinet (28), is powered by the generator (8) and carries out electrolysis, the generated oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage tank (30), and the generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank (31); the hydrogen storage tank (31) and CO₂A hydrogenation reaction device (33) connected with the reactor in CO₂The reaction is completed in a hydrogenation reaction device (33)Then, the mixture of the generated water and methane is separated by a steam-water separator (32), liquid water flows back to a condensed water tank (28), and methane is discharged out of the system; helium flows through a conduit into a wastewater distiller (24) to provide heat for distillation and out to the CO₂A hydrogenation unit (33) for CO₂The hydrogenation reaction continues to provide heat energy, which finally flows to the cooler (11) through a helium gas pressure stabilizing pump (34).

6. The space nuclear power cycle system based on the integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a first isolation valve (6) is arranged between the pulse heat exchanger (4) and the turbine (7); a second isolating valve (13) is arranged between the cooler (11) and the compressor (14); the cooler (11) is connected to a radiant heat sink (12) for further dissipating excess heat.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of energy recycling, and mainly relates to a space nuclear power circulation system based on integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization.

Background

With the continuous increase of energy demand and the optimization of energy structures worldwide, the position of traditional fossil energy in the socioeconomic development is gradually weakened, and the technology for developing more efficient energy is the current trend. Nuclear energy is used as an efficient energy source, is widely applied in the world in recent decades, particularly, a nuclear energy power generation technology is mature at present, the working principle of the nuclear energy power generation technology is mainly to generate power by using heat energy released by nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor, and compared with the traditional thermal power technology, the nuclear energy power generation technology has the advantages of cleanness, environmental protection, low consumption, small system volume and mass and the like.

In the nuclear power generation technology, huge heat generated by nuclear fission is mainly utilized through a heat exchanger, so that the improvement of the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is a key factor for realizing high-efficiency nuclear power generation. At present, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is improved mainly by two types: passive heat transfer enhancement from the structure of the heat exchanger and active heat transfer enhancement from the flow characteristic of the heat transfer working medium. The active heat transfer enhancement mainly utilizes external input, is additionally provided with a turbulence element to achieve the purpose of heat transfer enhancement, has high flexibility compared with passive heat transfer enhancement, can deal with different flowing working conditions, and achieves the optimal heat transfer enhancement effect through external control or utilization algorithm. The pulse enhanced heat exchange is a form of active enhanced heat exchange, and the pulse enhanced heat exchange is added into a space nuclear power system, so that the heat exchange efficiency of a heat exchanger can be improved, and the utilization rate of nuclear energy is improved.

At present, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of a space nuclear power system is generally lower than 30%, so that more than 60% of heat is discharged from the system in the form of waste heat through a radiation radiator, and energy is wasted. The water-oxygen-carbon removal integrated technology is introduced into an outer loop of the space nuclear power system, waste heat of the nuclear power system can be fully utilized, water recycling, oxygen preparation and carbon dioxide removal of the space nuclear power system are achieved, and the utilization rate of energy of the whole nuclear power system is improved. In addition, the space nuclear power system is used as a space power system and is generally closely connected with the construction of a space station, so that the living environment in the space is maintained and guaranteed, and the space nuclear power system has important significance for propelling and perfecting the space technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a space nuclear power circulation system based on the integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a space nuclear power circulation system based on integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen carbon removal comprises an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop;

the internal circulation loop comprises a nuclear reactor, and the nuclear reactor is sequentially connected with a pressure buffer device, a gas-liquid separator and a pulse heat exchanger through pipelines; liquid metal is adopted as an internal circulation medium in the pipeline, and after heat exchange is completed in the pulse heat exchanger, the liquid metal flows back to the nuclear reactor through the electromagnetic pump;

the external circulation loop adopts helium as an external circulation medium; after heat exchange of helium in the pulse heat exchanger is completed, helium flows to the turbine through a pipeline; the turbine is externally connected with a generator; helium flows into a heat medium loop of the heat regenerator after passing through the turbine, sequentially flows into the water oxygen carbon removal integrated device and the cooler, is compressed by the compressor, and then flows back to a cold medium loop of the heat regenerator; after being preheated by the heat regenerator, the helium finally flows back to the pulse heat exchanger; the generator is connected with the compressor.

Further, the pulsation heat exchanger comprises a heat medium pulsation device, a heat exchange tank and a cold medium pulsation device; the middle section of the heat exchange tank is a cold medium heat exchange space, and two ends of the heat exchange tank are separated by a baffle (16); a plurality of baffle plates (17) are arranged in the cold medium heat exchange space along the upper tank wall and the lower tank wall in a staggered manner; the cold medium pulsation device (18) is arranged at one side of the cold medium heat exchange space, and the cold medium outlet is arranged on the tank wall at the other side far away from the cold medium pulsation device; the heat medium input end and the heat medium output end are sequentially arranged on two sides of the heat exchange tank; the heat medium pulsation device (15) is arranged outside the heat medium input end, and the heat medium output end is connected with a heat medium outlet; the heat medium input end is connected with the heat medium output end through a plurality of heat exchange pipelines which transversely penetrate through the cold medium heat exchange space; after heat exchange and temperature reduction are finished in the heat exchange pipeline, the liquid metal flows out of the pulse heat exchanger through the heat medium outlet; helium gas exchanges heat in the cold medium heat exchange space and rises in temperature, and then flows out of the pulse heat exchanger through the cold medium outlet.

Furthermore, the heat medium pulsation device and the cold medium pulsation device adopt the same control module; the control module comprises an external power supply, an input end, a control circuit, a hydraulic device and a flow regulating valve; the control circuit is powered by an external power supply, parameters are input through the input end, the hydraulic device is controlled to generate periodically-changed pressure, the flow regulating valve is subjected to hydraulic acting force of the hydraulic device, and the opening of the valve is periodically regulated, so that the heat exchange medium generates periodic pulsation.

Further, the heat exchange tank body and the heat exchange pipeline are both made of tungsten-rhenium alloy.

Further, the water oxygen decarbonization integration comprises a wastewater distiller, a wastewater pump, a steam condenser, a wastewater circulating cabinet, a condensed water cabinet, an electrolytic water device, an oxygen storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank, a steam-water separator, and CO₂A hydrogenation reaction device and a helium pressure stabilizing pump; after the wastewater circulating cabinet collects wastewater, one part of the wastewater flows into the wastewater distiller, and the other part of the wastewater is pumped into the steam condenser through the wastewater pump to be used as a condensing medium; the waste water distiller distills waste water, hot steam flows into a steam condenser through a pipeline for condensation treatment, and formed liquid water flows into a condensate water cabinet for storage; the water electrolysis device receives liquid water flowing into the condensed water cabinet, the generator supplies power to carry out electrolysis, generated oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage tank, and generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen storage tank and CO₂The hydrogenation reaction device is connected with the CO₂After the reaction is finished in the hydrogenation reaction device, separating a mixture of generated water and methane through a steam-water separator, refluxing liquid water to a condensate tank, and discharging the methane out of the system; helium flows into the wastewater distiller through a pipeline to provide heat energy for distillation and flows out to CO₂Hydrogenation reactor of CO₂The hydrogenation reaction continues to provide heat energy, and finally the heat energy flows to a cooler through a helium pressure stabilizing pump.

Further, a first isolation valve is arranged between the pulse heat exchanger and the turbine; a second isolating valve is arranged between the cooler and the compressor; the cooler is connected with the radiation radiator and used for further dissipating the redundant heat.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the invention adds the pulsation device at the cold and hot medium inlet of the heat exchanger, can realize the periodic pulsation of the fluid flow by self-defining the characteristics (such as frequency and amplitude) of the fluid pulsation at the input end, enhances the disturbance of the cold and hot media in the heat exchanger, achieves the effect of strengthening heat exchange, and improves the utilization rate of nuclear energy.

(2) In the invention, a water oxygen and carbon removal integrated device is added in an external loop of a space nuclear power system, and the waste heat of the nuclear power system is utilized to realize the cyclic utilization of water, the preparation of oxygen and the treatment of carbon dioxide in the space system, thereby ensuring the living environment of the space system, improving the utilization rate of energy sources and reducing the working load of a cooler and a radiation radiator to a certain extent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a space nuclear power cycle system based on integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse heat exchanger provided by the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control module of the cold and hot medium pulsating apparatus provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an integrated device for removing carbon from water and oxygen provided by the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-a nuclear reactor; 2-a pressure buffer device; 3-a gas-liquid separator; 4-a pulsating heat exchanger; 5-an electromagnetic pump; 6-a first isolation valve; 7-a turbine; 8-a generator; 9-a heat regenerator; 10-water oxygen decarbonization integrated device; 11-a cooler; 12-a radiant heat sink; 13-a second isolation valve; 14-a compressor; 15-a thermal medium pulsating device; 16-a baffle plate; 17-a baffle plate; 18-a cold medium pulsation device; 19-an external power supply; 20-an input terminal; 21-a control circuit; 22-hydraulic means; 23-a flow regulating valve; 24-a wastewater distiller; 25-a waste water pump; 26-a steam condenser; 27-wastewater circulation cabinet; 28-condensate tank; 29-an electrolytic water device; 30-an oxygen storage tank; 31-a hydrogen storage tank; 32-steam-water separator; 33-CO₂A hydrogenation reaction device; 34-helium gas pressure stabilizing pump.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a space nuclear power circulation system comprising a pulse heat exchanger and a water-oxygen carbon removal integrated device, and the structure is shown in figure 1. The space nuclear power circulating system provided by the invention is divided into an inner circulating loop and an outer circulating loop. The internal circulation loop adopts liquid metal as a heat transfer medium, and the nuclear reactor 1 is sequentially connected with a pressure buffer device 2, a gas-liquid separator 3 and a pulse heat exchanger 4 through pipelines. After heat exchange is completed in the pulse heat exchanger 4, the liquid metal flows back to the nuclear reactor through the electromagnetic pump 5.

The specific structure of the pulsation heat exchanger 4 is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a heat medium pulsation device 15, a heat exchange tank and a cold medium pulsation device 18. (ii) a The middle section of the heat exchange tank is a cold medium heat exchange space, and two ends of the heat exchange tank are separated by a baffle 16; a plurality of baffle plates 17 are arranged in the cold medium heat exchange space along the upper tank wall and the lower tank wall in a staggered manner; the cold medium pulsation device 18 is arranged at one side of the cold medium heat exchange space, and the cold medium outlet is arranged on the tank wall at the other side far away from the cold medium pulsation device; the heat medium input end and the heat medium output end are sequentially arranged on two sides of the heat exchange tank; the heat medium pulsation device 15 is arranged outside the heat medium input end, and the heat medium output end is connected with a heat medium outlet; the heat medium input end is connected with the heat medium output end through a plurality of heat exchange pipelines which transversely penetrate through the cold medium heat exchange space; after heat exchange and temperature reduction are finished in the heat exchange pipeline, the liquid metal flows out of the pulse heat exchanger 4 through the heat medium outlet; helium gas exchanges heat in the cold medium heat exchange space and rises in temperature, and then flows out of the pulse heat exchanger 4 through the cold medium outlet.

The liquid metal flows in from the inlet a of the heat medium pulsation device, flows into the heat medium pulsation device 15, flows out from the outlet b of the heat medium pulsation device, and then flows into the input end of the heat medium from the hot fluid inlet c of the heat exchange tank. Helium flows into the cold medium pulsation device 18 from an inlet e of the cold medium pulsation device, flows out from an outlet f of the cold medium pulsation device, and flows into a cold medium heat exchange space from a cold fluid inlet g of the heat exchange tank. The liquid metal fully exchanges heat with external helium when flowing through the heat exchange pipeline, flows into the heat medium output end after heat exchange and temperature reduction are completed, and flows out from the heat medium output end.

The heat medium pulsation device 15 and the cold medium pulsation device 18 both use the same control module, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 3. The control module comprises an external power supply 19, an input end 20, a control circuit 21, a hydraulic device 22 and a flow regulating valve 23; the control circuit 21 is powered by the external power supply 19, parameters are input through the input end 20, the hydraulic device 22 is controlled to generate periodically-changed pressure, the flow regulating valve 23 is subjected to hydraulic acting force of the hydraulic device 22, and the opening of the valve is periodically regulated, so that the heat exchange medium generates periodic pulsation. The periodic pulsation of the heat exchange medium can generate vortex streets and disturb the thermal boundary layer, so that the thermal boundary layer becomes thin, and further the heat exchange effect is enhanced.

The heat exchange tank body and the heat exchange pipeline are both made of tungsten-rhenium alloy. The tungsten alloy has obvious shielding effect on nuclear radiation, and the liquid metal is an internal loop of the nuclear reactor and can carry the nuclear radiation. The liquid metal only flows in the heat exchange pipeline, so that the double-layer shielding effect can be achieved, and leakage can be prevented.

The external circulation loop adopts helium as a heat transfer medium, and the helium flows to the turbine 7 through a pipeline after heat exchange is completed in the pulse heat exchanger 4. A first isolating valve 6 is provided between the pulse heat exchanger 4 and the turbine 7. The turbine 7 is externally connected with a generator 8, the turbine 7 applies work, and the generator 8 supplies power. The helium gas flows into a heat medium loop of a regenerator 9 after passing through a turbine 7, and sequentially flows into a water oxygen decarburization integrated device 10 and a cooler 11. The cooler 11 is externally connected with a radiation radiator 12 for further dissipating the excess heat energy. After being compressed by the compressor 14, the refrigerant flows back to the refrigerant circuit of the regenerator 9. A second isolation valve 13 is provided between the cooler 11 and the compressor 14. The compressor 14 is connected to the generator 8 and is powered by the generator 8. Helium gas is preheated by the heat regenerator 9 and finally flows back to the pulse heat exchanger 4.

Because the temperature of the helium gas compressed by the compressor 14 is too low, the temperature difference between the helium gas directly flowing into the pulse heat exchanger 4 and the liquid metal is too large, and the heat exchange efficiency is reduced on the contrary, the heat regenerator 9 is needed to be arranged, the helium gas after acting by the turbine 7 and the helium gas compressed by the compressor 14 further exchange heat, the temperature of the returned helium gas is increased, and the returned helium gas reaches the optimal heat exchange temperature and then flows into the pulse heat exchanger 4, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the pulse heat exchanger 4 can be effectively improved.

The structure of the integrated device 10 for removing carbon by water oxygen used in the present invention is shown in fig. 4. Comprises a waste water distiller 24, a waste water pump 25, a steam condenser 26, a waste water circulating cabinet 27, a condensed water cabinet 28 and electricityA water hydrolysis device 29, an oxygen storage tank 30, a hydrogen storage tank 31, a steam-water separator 32, and CO₂A hydrogenation reaction device 33 and a helium gas pressure stabilizing pump 34. The waste water recycling tank 27 is responsible for collecting the various waste waters in the space station, which after preliminary filtration are partly passed to the waste water distiller 24 and partly are pumped by the waste water pump 25 to the steam condenser 26 as condensing medium. The wastewater distiller 24 distills wastewater. At this time, the helium gas with high temperature flows through a pipeline k1 at the bottom of the wastewater distiller 24 for distillation, the obtained hot steam flows into the steam condenser 26 through a pipeline i for condensation treatment, and the formed liquid water flows into the condensed water tank 28 through a pipeline P for storage. When the oxygen is insufficient, the water electrolysis device 29 receives the liquid water flowing in from the condensed water tank 28 through the pipeline f, the generator 8 carries out electrolysis, the generated oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage tank 30, and the generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 31. Hydrogen storage tank 31 and CO₂The hydrogenation reaction device 33 is connected. CO in water oxygen decarbonization integrated device collection space station₂And input to CO₂In the hydrogenation reaction device 33, heating and catalyst (such as Pd, TiO)₂Etc.) to complete the reaction. Helium flowing through the wastewater distiller 24 flows through line q to the CO₂The hydrogenation reaction device 33 provides heat energy for the reaction. Since the pressure in the pipeline gradually drops when helium gas flows through each pipeline, CO flows out₂A helium pressure stabilizing pump 34 is additionally arranged in the hydrogenation reaction device 33 to stabilize the pressure in a helium pipeline. Eventually the helium gas flows to the cooler 11 through a helium gas pressure maintaining pump 34. The resulting mixture of water and methane is separated via a steam-water separator 32, liquid water is returned to the condensate tank 28, and methane is vented from the system.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.