阅读说明：本技术 一种防止触点拉弧的快速断开机械结构电气开关及方法 (Quick-disconnection mechanical structure electrical switch and method for preventing contact from arcing ) 是由 肖耀东 于 2021-09-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种防止触点拉弧的快速断开机械结构电气开关,包括与电极正对的动触点桥,动触点桥安装在绝缘座上,绝缘座下端通过弹簧向上顶起；绝缘座上方可转动安装有凸轮,凸轮上安装有滚轮；在凸轮旋转到合适位置时,凸轮、滚轮均与绝缘座接触并使动触点桥紧压在两电极上。本发明提供的一种防止触点拉弧的快速断开机械结构电气开关,可提高该开关的使用性能并延长使用寿命。(A quick-break mechanical structure electric switch for preventing contact arcing comprises a movable contact bridge right opposite to an electrode, wherein the movable contact bridge is arranged on an insulating seat, and the lower end of the insulating seat is upwards jacked up through a spring; a cam is rotatably arranged above the insulating seat, and a roller is arranged on the cam; when the cam rotates to a proper position, the cam and the roller are both contacted with the insulating seat and the movable contact bridge is tightly pressed on the two electrodes. The invention provides a quick-break mechanical structure electric switch capable of preventing contact arcing, which can improve the service performance of the switch and prolong the service life.)

1. A quick-break mechanical structure electrical switch for preventing arcing of contacts, comprising: comprises a movable contact bridge (8) which is right opposite to an electrode (9), the movable contact bridge (8) is arranged on an insulating seat (7), the lower end of the insulating seat (7) is upwards jacked up through a spring (10), and the upper end of the insulating seat (7) is provided with a leaf spring (6); a locking piece is arranged above the insulating seat (7), a shaft hole (11) is formed in the center of the locking piece, and a manual shaft (3) is arranged in the shaft hole (11); the inner wall of the shaft hole (11) is smoothly transited to form a bulge (12), and the side wall of the corresponding manual shaft (3) is provided with a plane (13); when the plane (13) of the manual shaft (3) is not contacted with the bulge (12), the manual shaft (3) rotates relative to the locking piece; when the plane (13) of the manual shaft (3) is contacted with the bulge (12), the manual shaft (3) and the locking piece rotate synchronously.

2. A quick disconnect mechanical structure electrical switch for preventing arcing of contacts as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the locking piece is a cam (4), and inclined planes (14) are arranged on the left and right sides of the cam (4).

3. A quick disconnect mechanical structure electrical switch for preventing arcing of contacts as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the cam (4) is provided with the roller (1) at the lower end of the inclined plane (14), and when the cam (4) rotates to a proper position, the cam (4) and the roller (1) are both contacted with the leaf spring (6) and enable the movable contact bridge (8) to press the electrode (9).

4. A quick disconnect mechanical structure electrical switch for preventing arcing of contacts as set forth in claim 3 wherein: the stress points of the cam (4) and the roller (1) on the leaf spring (6) are symmetrically distributed.

5. A quick disconnect mechanical structure electrical switch for preventing arcing of contacts as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the bulges (12) are in an inverted V shape, and the left and right inclined surfaces of the bulges (12) are symmetrically arranged.

6. A method of preventing arcing of contacts in a quick disconnect mechanical electrical switch according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the locking piece is provided with a shaft hole (11) with a bulge (12), and the side wall of the corresponding manual shaft (3) is provided with a plane (13), so that when the manual shaft (3) rotates, the locking piece can be static relative to the manual shaft (3) or can rotate relative to the manual shaft (3); when the manual shaft (3) drives the protrusion (12) to rotate and the protrusion (12) is just separated from the leaf spring (6), the protrusion (12) rapidly continues to rotate under the action of the elastic force of the leaf spring (6); meanwhile, the movable contact bridge (8) is quickly separated from the electrode (9) by utilizing the spring (10) in a matching way.

7. A method of quickly opening a mechanical structure electrical switch to prevent arcing of contacts as recited in claim 6, comprising the steps of:

1) in the initial state, the movable contact bridge (8) is disconnected from the two electrodes (9) under the action of the spring (10) and is blocked by the limiting block (5) at the same time, so that the movable contact bridge cannot move upwards continuously;

2) the manual shaft (3) rotates clockwise for a certain angle, the plane (13) is contacted with the inclined plane of the bulge (12), the manual shaft (3) drives the cam (4) to rotate synchronously, and the roller (1) on the cam (4) is contacted with the leaf spring (6);

3) after the manual shaft (3) drives the cam (4) to rotate clockwise for a certain angle continuously, the movable contact bridge (8) is contacted with the two electrodes (9), the manual shaft (3) is rotated continuously, the downward pressure of the cam (4) causes the deformation of the leaf spring (6), the movable contact bridge (8) is tightly pressed on the two electrodes (9), the contact is ensured to have good contact, and meanwhile, the installation or ablation clearance is compensated;

4) when the switch is in a locking state, the roller (1) on the cam (4) and the fulcrum on the other side of the cam (4) are contacted with the deformed leaf spring (6), the cam (4) is stressed uniformly, and the locking function can be realized under the condition of no external force, so that the switch is ensured to be in good contact;

5) the manual shaft (3) rotates reversely for a certain angle, when the reverse rotation angle of the manual shaft (3) is smaller than a design value, the cam (4) does not rotate, the movable contact bridge (8) and the two electrodes (9) are still in a contact state, and the leaf spring (6) is in a deformation state; when the reverse rotation angle of the manual shaft (3) is equal to a design value, the central connecting line of the cam (4) and the roller (1) is basically overlapped with the central axis of the spring (10), and the cam is about to lose the stressed fulcrum; when the reverse rotation angle of the manual shaft (3) is larger than a design value, the cam (4) loses a stressed pivot point when the manual shaft (3) rotates anticlockwise and just exceeds the design rotation angle value, and the leaf spring (6) can be quickly bounced to drive the cam (4) to rotate anticlockwise quickly; meanwhile, the movable contact bridge (8) is quickly bounced under the action of the spring (10), and the movable contact bridge (8) is separated from the two electrodes (9), so that the connection of the two electrodes is disconnected.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a switch, in particular to an electrical switch with a quick disconnection mechanical structure and a method for preventing contact arcing, which can be used as an automobile low-voltage heavy-current switch, an automobile power supply main switch and the like.

Background

The existing manual mechanical electrical switch has the following problems: 1) the simple cam structure is adopted, so that the wear is easy to occur; 2) contact erosion during use can cause poor contact. 3) When the switch is switched off, the arc discharge time is longer.

At present, the main switch of the power supply on the automobile mainly has two types, namely an electromagnetic type and a mechanical type.

In the electromagnetic type, a motor in a product is contacted and disconnected by utilizing electromagnet attraction, and a large current is controlled by using a small current. The electromagnet needs to be powered for a long time by using the device, and the electric energy is consumed; when the electromagnet is disconnected, the electromagnet coil is powered off, the reset basically depends on the spring to reset, the size of the reset spring determines the power of the electromagnet, and also determines the arc-drawing time when the electromagnet is disconnected, and the spring can only be made smaller to reduce the power of the electromagnet. The reset elasticity is reduced, the arc discharge time is increased, and the durability of the product is greatly reduced.

The mechanical power main switch is pre-tightened by a cam structure, an electrode is connected, and the electrode is reset by the elastic force of a spring and disconnected when the power main switch is disconnected. The reset is realized by a reset spring, the time for electrode disengagement is not only related to the elastic force of the spring, but also related to the operation speed of an operator, the slower the action is in operation, the longer the arc-drawing time is, and the reaction time of the spring is far shorter than the operation time of the operator, so that the operation time is the main reason for causing arc-drawing ablation of a mechanical power supply main switch and the reduction of the service life.

Therefore, if the influence of the operation speed of an operator can be reduced to the minimum and the return spring is increased, the problem of arc discharge and ablation can be solved. The increase of the return spring is easy to realize, and the influence on the stability of the mechanical switch after the increase is smaller than that of the electromagnetic switch. How to realize quick disconnection without being influenced by the speed of operation of operators becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an electrical switch with a quick-disconnection mechanical structure and a method for preventing contact arcing, which can reduce the abrasion of a cam and reduce the abrasion of the cam.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a quick-break mechanical structure electric switch for preventing contact arcing comprises a movable contact bridge right opposite to an electrode, wherein the movable contact bridge is arranged on an insulating seat, the lower end of the insulating seat is upwards jacked up through a spring, and the upper end of the insulating seat is provided with a leaf spring; a locking piece is arranged above the insulating seat, a shaft hole is formed in the center of the locking piece, and a manual shaft is arranged in the shaft hole; the inner wall of the shaft hole is smoothly transited to form a bulge, and the side wall of the corresponding manual shaft is provided with a plane; when the plane of the manual shaft is not contacted with the bulge, the manual shaft rotates relative to the locking piece; when the plane of the manual shaft is contacted with the bulge, the manual shaft and the locking piece rotate synchronously.

The locking piece is a cam, and inclined planes are arranged on the left and right sides of the cam.

And when the cam rotates to a proper position, the cam and the roller are both contacted with the leaf spring and enable the movable contact bridge to compress the electrode.

The stress points of the cams and the rollers on the leaf spring are symmetrically distributed.

The bulges are in an inverted V shape, and the left and right inclined planes of the bulges are symmetrically arranged.

A method for preventing the contact from drawing the arc to break the electrical switch of the mechanical structure fast, set up the protruding tape shaft hole on the lock-out piece, there are level on the sidewall of the corresponding manual shaft, thus when the manual shaft rotates, the lock-out piece can be static relative to the manual shaft or can rotate relative to the manual shaft; when the manual shaft drives the protrusion to rotate and the protrusion is just separated from the leaf spring, the protrusion rapidly continues to rotate under the action of the elastic force of the leaf spring; meanwhile, the movable contact bridge is quickly separated from the electrode by matching with the spring.

A method of quickly opening a mechanical structure electrical switch to prevent arcing of contacts, comprising the steps of:

1) in the initial state, the movable contact bridge is disconnected with the two electrodes under the action of the spring, and is blocked by the limiting block and cannot move upwards continuously;

2) the manual shaft rotates clockwise for a certain angle, the plane is contacted with the inclined plane of the bulge, the manual shaft drives the cam to rotate synchronously, and the roller on the cam is contacted with the leaf spring;

3) after the manual shaft drives the cam to continuously rotate clockwise for a certain angle, the movable contact bridge is contacted with the two electrodes, the manual shaft is continuously rotated, the downward pressure of the cam causes the deformation of the leaf spring, the movable contact bridge is tightly pressed on the two electrodes, the contact is ensured to be in good contact, and meanwhile, the installation or ablation gap is compensated;

4) when the cam is in a locking state, the roller on the cam and the fulcrum on the other side of the cam are in contact with the deformed leaf spring, the stress of the cam is balanced, and the locking function can be realized under the condition of no external force, so that the good contact of the switch is ensured;

5) when the reverse rotation angle of the manual shaft is smaller than a designed value, the cam does not rotate, the movable contact bridge is still in contact with the two electrodes, and the leaf spring is in a deformation state; when the reverse rotation angle of the manual shaft is equal to a design value, the central connecting line of the cam and the roller is basically overlapped with the central axis of the spring, and the cam is about to lose the stressed fulcrum; when the reverse rotation angle of the manual shaft is larger than a design value, the cam loses a stressed fulcrum when the manual shaft rotates anticlockwise and just exceeds the design rotation angle value, and the leaf spring can bounce quickly to drive the cam to rotate anticlockwise quickly; meanwhile, the movable contact bridge is quickly bounced under the action of the spring, and the movable contact bridge is separated from the two electrodes, so that the connection of the two electrodes is disconnected.

The invention relates to a quick-break mechanical structure electric switch and a method for preventing contact arcing, which have the following technical effects:

1) and the cam structure with the roller is adopted, so that the abrasion of the cam can be reduced, and the service life of the cam is prolonged.

2) The compensation of the leaf spring is utilized, the poor contact problem caused by contact ablation in the assembly process deviation and the later-stage use process is prevented, and the reliability of the product is improved.

3) When the locking state is realized, the upper roller of the cam is in contact with the leaf spring deformed by the fulcrum on the other side of the cam at the same time and keeps a symmetrical state, so that the whole stress of the cam is balanced, the locking function can be realized under the condition of non-external force, and the good contact of the switch is ensured.

4) And the cam structure and the spring can realize quick disconnection under the matching action. Specifically, when the disconnection, when the gyro wheel motion on the cam surpassed manual axis central line, need not artificial rotation and can realize that the cam structure is automatic to bounce fast, and later stage bounces under the effect of spring rapidly, and the disconnection electrode is connected, reduces the switch disconnection and draws the arc time, improves product life. The sensitivity of the cam structure rotation caused by the spring bounce of the leaf spring is much higher than that of the cam structure rotation caused by artificial rotation, and the arc discharge time can be theoretically reduced from 500 milliseconds to 20-50 milliseconds.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

fig. 1 is a front sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a front view of the cam of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the manual shaft according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the manual shaft of the present invention after rotating a certain angle.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the locked state of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a state where the manual shaft is reversely rotated by 30 degrees in the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a state where the manual shaft is reversely rotated by 38 degrees in the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing a state where the manual shaft is reversely rotated by 39 degrees in the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the off state of the switch of the present invention.

In the figure: the device comprises a roller 1, a pin 2, a manual shaft 3, a cam 4, a limiting block 5, a leaf spring 6, an insulating seat 7, a movable contact bridge 8, an electrode 9, a spring 10, a shaft hole 11, a protrusion 12 and a plane 13.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-4, a quick-break mechanical structure electrical switch for preventing contact arcing includes a moving contact bridge 8 facing an electrode 9, the moving contact bridge 8 being mounted on an insulating base 7. The lower end of the insulating base 7 is pushed up by the spring 10 and makes the moving contact bridge 8 far away from the electrode 9. Leaf spring 6 is transversely installed on 7 upper portions of insulating seat, and 6 tops of leaf spring are equipped with stopper 5, and stopper 5 is spacing to insulating seat 7, 6 positions of leaf spring. A cam 4 is arranged at a proper position above the insulating seat 7, and the cam 4 is arranged on the manual shaft 3. The center of the cam 4 is provided with a shaft hole 11, and the manual shaft 3 is arranged in the shaft hole 11; the inner wall of the shaft hole 11 is smoothly transited to form a bulge 12, the bulge 12 is in an inverted V shape, and the left and right inclined planes of the bulge 12 are symmetrically arranged. The included angle formed by the projections 12 is 150 °. The corresponding side wall of the manual shaft 3 is provided with a flat surface 13, and when the manual shaft 3 is installed in the shaft hole 11, the flat surface 13 contacts with the inclined surface of the protrusion 12. Due to the presence of the projection 12 and the flat surface 13, the manual shaft 3 rotates and the cam 4 does not move when the flat surface 13 of the manual shaft 3 is not in contact with the projection 12. When the flat surface 13 of the manual shaft 3 comes into contact with the projection 12, the manual shaft 3 rotates in synchronization with the cam 4.

And the left and right sides of the cam 4 are symmetrically provided with rollers 1 through pins 2. When the cam 4 rotates to a proper position, the cam 4 and the roller 1 are both contacted with the insulating seat 7 and the movable contact bridge 8 is tightly pressed on the two electrodes 9.

The working principle and the process are as follows:

1) as shown in fig. 5, in the initial state, the moving contact bridge 8 is disconnected from the two electrodes 9 by the spring 10, and is blocked by the stopper 5 and cannot move upwards, and at this time, it is assumed that the plane 13 is in a vertical state, and the included angle between the plane 13 and the inclined plane of the protrusion 12 is 15 °.

2) As shown in fig. 6, the manual shaft 3 rotates clockwise by a certain angle (more than 15 °), the flat surface 13 contacts with the inclined surface of the protrusion 12, the manual shaft 3 drives the cam 4 to rotate synchronously, the roller 1 on the cam 4 contacts with the leaf spring 6, and the movable contact bridge 8 starts to move downwards under the action of the cam 4.

3) As shown in fig. 7, after the manual shaft 3 drives the cam 4 to rotate clockwise by a certain angle, the movable contact bridge 8 contacts with the two electrodes 9, the manual shaft 3 is continuously rotated, the downward pressure of the cam 4 causes the leaf spring 6 to deform, and the movable contact bridge 8 is tightly pressed on the two electrodes 9, so that good contact of the contacts is ensured, and meanwhile, the installation or ablation gap is compensated.

4) As shown in fig. 7, in the locking state, when the roller 1 on the cam 4 and the fulcrum on the other side of the cam 4 are in contact with the deformed leaf spring 6, the stress on the cam 4 is balanced, and under the condition of no external force, the locking function can be realized, and the good contact of the switch is ensured.

5) As shown in fig. 8, the manual shaft 3 rotates in the reverse direction by 30 °, the cam 4 does not rotate, the movable contact bridge 8 and the two electrodes 9 are still in a contact state, and the leaf spring 6 is in a deformation state.

6) And as shown in fig. 9, the manual shaft 3 continues to rotate reversely for 8 degrees, the cam 4 rotates 8 degrees along with the manual shaft 3, the central connecting line of the cam 4 and the roller basically coincides with the central axis of the spring, and the cam is about to lose the stressed fulcrum.

7) As shown in fig. 10-11, because the angle of the manual continuous rotation is larger than 8 °, the cam 4 loses the stressed fulcrum when the manual shaft 3 rotates counterclockwise just beyond 38 °, the leaf spring 6 springs up quickly, and the cam 4 is driven to rotate counterclockwise quickly; meanwhile, the movable contact bridge 8 is quickly bounced under the action of the spring 10, and the movable contact bridge 8 is separated from the two electrodes 9, so that the connection of the two electrodes is disconnected.