阅读说明：本技术 正交线极化的小型化共口径天线 (Orthogonal linear polarization miniaturized common-caliber antenna ) 是由 高原 王平 郭洋 王景 杨思明 曹江 郝张成 曹羽艳 郭子均 于 2021-09-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种正交线极化的小型化共口径天线,包含：辐射多层板、馈电多层板、上层金属通孔阵列、金属调谐通孔、上行屏蔽带状线转接地共面波导结构、下层金属通孔阵列以及下行屏蔽带状线转接地共面波导结构。整个天线主要由金属层和金属化通孔组成,整个结构可以用传统的PCB工艺来实现；该天线结合基片集成波导结构和带状线结构,将高频和低频天线集成在同一个空间内,属于平面结构,剖面很低,有效地减小了天线体积并提高了口径利用率,实现了小型化；该天线能够在两个频段下同时独立工作,且这两个天线实现的极化特性彼此正交。另外高、低频天线的传输模式不同,且高低频馈电网络之间通过金属层相隔,具有很高的隔离度。(The invention discloses a miniaturized common-caliber antenna with orthogonal linear polarization, which comprises: the antenna comprises a radiation multilayer board, a feed multilayer board, an upper layer metal through hole array, a metal tuning through hole, an uplink shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure, a lower layer metal through hole array and a downlink shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure. The whole antenna mainly comprises a metal layer and a metallized through hole, and the whole structure can be realized by using the traditional PCB process; the antenna combines the substrate integrated waveguide structure and the strip line structure, integrates the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna in the same space, belongs to a plane structure, has a very low section, effectively reduces the volume of the antenna, improves the aperture utilization rate and realizes miniaturization; the antenna can work independently at the same time under two frequency bands, and the polarization characteristics realized by the two antennas are orthogonal to each other. In addition, the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna have different transmission modes, and the high-frequency feed network and the low-frequency feed network are separated by the metal layer and have high isolation.)

1. An orthogonal linearly polarized miniaturized co-aperture antenna, comprising: the device comprises a radiation multilayer board, a feed multilayer board, an upper layer metal through hole array, a metal tuning through hole, an uplink shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure, a lower layer metal through hole array and a downlink shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure;

the radiation multilayer board is arranged at the top of the feed multilayer board;

the radiant multiwall sheet comprises: the radiation gap metal layer, the first dielectric substrate, the upper layer strip line feed network, the upper layer bonding layer, the second dielectric substrate and the upper layer coupling gap metal layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;

the feeding multilayer board comprises: the lower coupling gap metal layer, the third dielectric substrate, the lower bonding layer, the lower strip line feed network, the fourth dielectric substrate and the lower metal layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;

the upper metal through hole array and the metal tuning through holes penetrate from the radiation gap metal layer to the upper coupling gap metal layer to form a plurality of upper resonant cavities;

the upper shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure is connected with the feed-in end of the upper strip line feed network;

the lower metal through hole array penetrates from the lower coupling gap metal layer to the bottom metal layer to form a plurality of lower resonant cavities;

the downlink shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure is connected with the feed-in end of the lower layer strip line feed network.

2. The orthogonal-linear-polarization miniaturized common-aperture antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radiation slot metal layer of each of the upper resonators is etched with parallel double slots and a transverse butterfly slot, an upper coupling slot is etched at a central position of an upper coupling slot metal layer of each of the upper resonators, a lower coupling slot is etched at a central position of a lower coupling slot metal layer of each of the lower resonators, and the upper coupling slot and the lower coupling slot have the same size.

3. The orthogonally polarized, miniaturized, co-aperture antenna according to claim 2, wherein said lower stripline feed network feeds high frequency signals and said upper stripline feed network feeds low frequency signals.

4. The orthogonal-linear-polarization miniaturized common-aperture antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lower stripline feed network is in parallel, the feeder of the lower stripline feed network is a tapered feeder, and the open end of the feeder at the lower coupling slot is forked.

5. The orthogonal linearly polarized miniaturized common aperture antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper strip line feeding network is in parallel connection, and eccentrically feeds the transverse butterfly slits, and the feeding positions of the two adjacent transverse butterfly slits in the Y-axis direction are mirror-symmetrical.

6. The orthogonal linearly polarized miniaturized common aperture antenna according to claim 2, wherein each of said parallel double slots and said transverse bowtie slots are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with each other in a perpendicular direction, and have slots with overlapping portions forming a whole.

7. The orthogonal linearly polarized miniaturized common aperture antenna according to claim 2, wherein the number of the metal tuning through holes in each of the upper resonant cavities is four, and the four resonant cavities are located between the two parallel double slits, are symmetrical to the upper coupling slit, are divided into two pairs, and are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the transverse butterfly slit.

8. The orthogonal-linear-polarization miniaturized co-aperture antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower shielding strip line is adapted to feed the coplanar waveguide structure with a high frequency signal, the lower shielding strip line is adapted to etch the crack of the coplanar waveguide structure in the bottom metal layer, the upper shielding strip line is adapted to feed the coplanar waveguide structure with a low frequency signal, and the upper shielding strip line is adapted to etch the crack of the coplanar waveguide structure in the radiation slot metal layer.

9. The orthogonal linearly polarized miniaturized common aperture antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the miniaturized common aperture antenna is fabricated by a multilayer PCB process.

10. The orthogonal linearly polarized miniaturized common aperture antenna of claim 9, wherein the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the third dielectric substrate, and the fourth dielectric substrate are each roger sr o 4003C.

11. The orthogonally polarized, miniaturized, common aperture antenna of claim 10 wherein said first dielectric substrate, said second dielectric substrate, said third dielectric substrate and said fourth dielectric substrate each have a thickness of 0.508mm, 0.1mm and 0.254 mm.

12. The orthogonally polarized, miniaturized, common-aperture antenna according to claim 11, wherein adjacent vias in said upper and lower arrays of metal vias are spaced apart by 0.5mm, said vias having a diameter of 0.3 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a miniaturized co-aperture antenna with orthogonal linear polarization.

Background

In a wireless communication system, signals of a receiver and a transmitter usually use different operating frequency bands, so that a plurality of antennas are required to respectively receive and transmit the signals, namely, uplink and downlink frequency division. In addition, to increase the isolation of the receiving and transmitting systems, it is often necessary to increase the distance between the antennas to reduce the electromagnetic mutual coupling, which results in a significant increase in the volume of the antennas. In order to meet the urgent demands for miniaturization and high integration of communication systems, antennas must have characteristics of multifunction and miniaturization. Due to the shortage of spectrum resources, high band transmission will become a necessary choice in order to increase the transmission rate. The co-aperture antenna is characterized in that multiple antennas are placed in a limited space, mutual coupling among antennas with different frequencies is reduced through reasonable spatial layout, the antennas share the same aperture radiation, and the system volume can be greatly reduced, so that the research of the millimeter wave multi-band co-aperture antenna has important practical significance.

Most of the antennas proposed nowadays are suitable for wireless communication systems, and the antennas are in a form of interleaving high-frequency and low-frequency antenna structures, so that the aperture reuse rate is low; or the adopted microstrip patch stacking form has larger unit size and lower port isolation, so that an efficient solution suitable for wireless communication is still lacked at present.

Disclosure of Invention

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a miniaturized co-aperture antenna with orthogonal linear polarization, including: the device comprises a radiation multilayer board, a feed multilayer board, an upper layer metal through hole array, a metal tuning through hole, an uplink shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure, a lower layer metal through hole array and a downlink shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure;

the radiation multilayer board is arranged at the top of the feed multilayer board;

the radiant multiwall sheet comprises: the radiation gap metal layer, the first dielectric substrate, the upper layer strip line feed network, the upper layer bonding layer, the second dielectric substrate and the upper layer coupling gap metal layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;

the feed multilayer board includes: the lower coupling gap metal layer, the third dielectric substrate, the lower bonding layer, the lower stripline feed network, the fourth dielectric substrate and the lower metal layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

The upper metal through hole array and the metal tuning through holes penetrate through the upper coupling gap metal layer from the radiation gap metal layer to form a plurality of upper resonant cavities;

the upper shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure is connected with the feed-in end of the upper strip line feed network;

the lower metal through hole array penetrates from the lower coupling gap metal layer to the bottom metal layer to form a plurality of lower resonant cavities;

the downlink shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure is connected with the feed-in end of the lower layer strip line feed network.

Furthermore, parallel double slits and transverse butterfly slits are etched on the radiation slit metal layer of each upper resonant cavity, an upper coupling slit is etched at the center of the upper coupling slit metal layer of each upper resonant cavity, a lower coupling slit is etched at the center of the lower coupling slit metal layer of each lower resonant cavity, and the upper coupling slit and the lower coupling slit have the same size.

Further, the lower stripline feed network feeds in a high frequency signal, and the upper stripline feed network feeds in a low frequency signal.

Furthermore, the lower layer strip line feed network is in a parallel connection mode, the feeder of the lower layer strip line feed network is in a gradual change mode, and the open end of the feeder at the lower layer coupling gap is in a fork shape.

Furthermore, the upper-layer strip line feed network is in a parallel connection mode, eccentrically feeds the transverse butterfly-shaped gaps, and the feed positions of the two adjacent transverse butterfly-shaped gaps in the Y-axis direction are in mirror symmetry.

Furthermore, each parallel double slit and each transverse butterfly slit are vertically arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and have overlapped parts to form an integral slit.

Furthermore, the number of the metal tuning through holes in each upper resonant cavity is four, and the four resonant cavities are positioned between two parallel double slits, are symmetrical to the upper coupling slit and are divided into two pairs and are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the transverse butterfly slit.

Furthermore, the downlink shielding strip line is switched to the coplanar waveguide structure to feed in a high-frequency signal, the crack of the downlink shielding strip line is switched to the coplanar waveguide structure to be etched on the bottom metal layer, the uplink shielding strip line is switched to the coplanar waveguide structure to feed in a low-frequency signal, and the crack of the uplink shielding strip line is switched to the coplanar waveguide structure to be etched on the radiation gap metal layer.

Further, the miniaturized common-aperture antenna is manufactured through a multilayer PCB process.

Further, the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the third dielectric substrate, and the fourth dielectric substrate are all roger sro 4003C.

Further, the thicknesses of the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are all 0.508mm, 0.1mm and 0.254 mm.

Furthermore, the distance between adjacent through holes in the upper layer metal through hole array and the lower layer metal through hole array is 0.5mm, and the diameter of each through hole is 0.3 mm.

The miniaturized common-aperture antenna with orthogonal linear polarization provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the whole antenna mainly comprises a metal layer and a metallized through hole, and the whole structure can be realized by using the traditional PCB process;

2. the antenna combines the substrate integrated waveguide structure and the strip line structure, integrates the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna in the same space, belongs to a plane structure, has a very low section, effectively reduces the volume of the antenna, improves the aperture utilization rate and realizes miniaturization;

3. the antenna can work independently at the same time under two frequency bands, and the polarization characteristics realized by the two antennas are orthogonal to each other. In addition, the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna have different transmission modes, and the high-frequency feed network and the low-frequency feed network are separated by a metal layer and have high isolation;

4. the common-caliber antenna unit provided by the invention has a simple structure, is independent in structure and is easy to directly expand into a large-scale array structure.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed technology.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation slot metal layer of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic side view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper stripline feed network of an antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper coupling slot metal layer of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower coupling slot metal layer of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a lower stripline feed network structure of an antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a bottom metal layer structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a top perspective view of an antenna unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a graph of reflection coefficient and isolation for antenna simulation and testing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a graph of gain variation with frequency variation in the direction of maximum radiation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a radiation pattern of the antenna at 18.4GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a radiation pattern of the antenna at 19GHz according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 13 is a radiation pattern of the antenna at 19.6GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a radiation pattern of an antenna 29GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 15 is a radiation pattern of the antenna at 30GHz according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 16 is a radiation pattern of the antenna at 31GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained by describing preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present embodiment discloses a cross-polarized miniaturized co-aperture antenna, as shown in fig. 1, including 64 antenna elements, with the size of 91mm x 91 mm. Each antenna unit integrates a low-frequency antenna structure and a high-frequency antenna structure, the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas can independently work in respective frequency bands, and the linear polarization performance realized by the two antennas is orthogonal. As shown in fig. 2, the antenna provided in this embodiment includes a radiation slot metal layer 1, a first dielectric base 2, an upper strip line feed network 11, an upper bonding layer 3, a second dielectric substrate 4, an upper coupling slot metal layer 5, a lower coupling slot metal layer 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a lower bonding layer 8, a lower strip line feed network 12, a fourth dielectric substrate 9, and a bottom metal layer 10, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The radiation gap metal layer 1 comprises 64 pairs of parallel double gaps 20 and 64 transverse butterfly gaps 21, 64 upper-layer coupling gaps 22 are etched on the upper-layer coupling gap metal layer 5, 64 lower-layer coupling gaps 23 are etched on the lower-layer coupling gap metal layer 6, and the sizes of the upper-layer coupling gaps 22 and the lower-layer coupling gaps 23 are the same. The high-frequency band electromagnetic wave is fed in by the coplanar waveguide structure 19 through the switching of the downlink shielding strip line, the signal is fed to the lower layer coupling gap 23 through the lower layer strip line feed network 12, then the similar TE120 mode is excited in the upper resonant cavity 16 through the upper layer coupling gap 22, and finally the horizontal polarized wave is radiated through the parallel double slits 20 on the radiation gap metal layer 1. The low-frequency electromagnetic field is fed by the upper shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure 18, a TEM mode is fed through the upper strip line feeding network 11 and coupled and excited to radiate a transverse butterfly slot 21 on the slot metal layer 1, and a vertical polarized wave is radiated. The high-frequency feed network and the low-frequency feed network of the antenna both adopt a full parallel feed mode, the low-frequency feed network is positioned above the high-frequency feed network, and two metal layers are adopted between the two feed networks for separation, so that the isolation performance is effectively improved.

In the antenna, the transverse butterfly-shaped slot 21 is positioned on the central line of the upper resonant cavity 16, the parallel double slots 20 are orthogonally arranged with the transverse butterfly-shaped slot 21 and are symmetrical to the central line of the upper resonant cavity 16, and the parallel double slots 20 are partially overlapped with the transverse butterfly-shaped slot 21, so that 64 integral slots are formed on the radiating slot metal layer 1. Each cavity incorporates 4 metal tuning vias 14 to tune the low frequency antenna.

The metal through holes are introduced around the metal conduction band of the upper layer strip line feed network 11 and the lower layer strip line feed network 12 of the antenna, and the function of restraining the parallel plate mode is achieved. The low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna are fed through the coplanar waveguide structure 18 and 19 respectively through the upper shielding strip line and the lower shielding strip line.

The antenna example provided by the invention is processed by adopting a PCB process, the first dielectric substrate 2, the second dielectric substrate 4, the third dielectric substrate 7 and the fourth dielectric substrate 9 are all RogersRO4003C, the thicknesses of the RogersRO4003 and the thicknesses of the RogersRO4003 are respectively 0.508mm, 0.1mm and 0.254mm, the upper layer strip line feed network 11 is positioned on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 2, the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4 are pressed through the upper layer bonding layer 3, and the uplink shielding strip line switching ground coplanar waveguide structure 18 is positioned on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 2; the lower stripline feed network 12 is located on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 9, the third dielectric substrate 7 and the fourth dielectric substrate 9 are pressed together through the lower bonding layer 8, and the lower shielded stripline transition ground coplanar waveguide structure 19 is located on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 9. The two pressed double-layer plates are assembled and fixed by screws through screw holes on the periphery and inside.

Based on the idea of the invention, the PCB process is utilized for manufacturing, and relevant tests are carried out: FIG. 9 is a graph of reflection coefficient and isolation for antenna simulation and testing; fig. 10 is a graph of gain variation of the antenna with frequency variation in the maximum radiation direction; FIG. 11 is a radiation pattern of an antenna test at a frequency of 18.4 GHz; FIG. 12 is a radiation pattern of an antenna test at a frequency of 19.0. GHz; FIG. 13 is a radiation pattern of an antenna test at a frequency of 19.6 GHz; FIG. 14 is a radiation pattern of an antenna test at frequency 29 GHz; FIG. 15 is a radiation pattern of an antenna test at a frequency of 30 GHz; figure 16 is a radiation pattern of an antenna test at a frequency of 31 GHz. Tests show that the-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna tested in the K frequency band is 7.73% (18.27-19.74 GHz), and the port isolation is greater than 60 dB; in the frequency band of 27-33GHz, the measured values of the reflection coefficients are all less than-10 dB, the measured bandwidth is more than 20%, and the port isolation is more than 44 dB. In the K and Ka bands, the maximum gain measured by the antenna is 18.5dB and 20.25dB respectively, and the gain bandwidth is 9.53% (18.18-20 GHz) and 10.54% (28.4-31.56 GHz) respectively. The antenna has two different linear polarization, simultaneously meets better polarization characteristics and better standing wave characteristics, and has the advantages of small gain fluctuation, low profile, small volume, simple realization and easy integration.

In the above, with reference to fig. 1 to 16, the miniaturized common-aperture antenna with orthogonal linear polarization according to the embodiment of the present invention is described, the whole antenna mainly consists of a metal layer and a metalized through hole, and the whole structure can be realized by using a conventional PCB process; the antenna combines the substrate integrated waveguide structure and the strip line structure, integrates the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna in the same space, belongs to a plane structure, has a very low section, effectively reduces the volume of the antenna, improves the aperture utilization rate and realizes miniaturization; the antenna can work independently at the same time under two frequency bands, and the polarization characteristics realized by the two antennas are orthogonal to each other; in addition, the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna have different transmission modes, and the high-frequency feed network and the low-frequency feed network are separated by the metal layer and have high isolation. The common-caliber antenna unit provided by the invention has a simple structure, is independent in structure and is easy to directly expand into a large-scale array structure.

It should be noted that, in the present specification, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.