阅读说明：本技术 一种双频段全空域卫星通信相控阵天线 (Dual-band full-airspace satellite communication phased array antenna ) 是由 张宙 张硕 韩国栋 杜要锋 肖松 冯昊程 张建超 卢炜 历园园 白杨 赵楠 马 于 2021-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种双频段全空域卫星通信相控阵天线,属于天线技术领域。该相控阵包括Ku频段一维有源相控阵天线和S频段二维有源相控阵天线、底座,底座下表面设有旋转机构；Ku频段一维有源相控阵天线和S频段二维有源相控阵天线均位于底座上表面；S频段二维有源相控阵天线的天线阵面的高度大于Ku频段一维有源相控阵天线的天线阵面的高度,且Ku频段一维有源相控阵天线的天线阵面与水平面的夹角为40°,S频段二维有源相控阵天线的天线阵面与水平面平行,且S频段二维有源相控阵天线的天线阵面位于Ku频段一维有源相控阵天线的背部。本发明技术上容易实现,性能优良,具有很高的工程应用价值。(The invention discloses a dual-band full-airspace satellite communication phased-array antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The phased array comprises a Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna, an S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna and a base, wherein a rotating mechanism is arranged on the lower surface of the base; the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna are both positioned on the upper surface of the base; the height of the antenna array surface of the S-band two-dimensional active phased array antenna is larger than that of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna, the included angle between the antenna array surface of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the horizontal plane is 40 degrees, the antenna array surface of the S-band two-dimensional active phased array antenna is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the antenna array surface of the S-band two-dimensional active phased array antenna is positioned on the back of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna. The invention is easy to realize technically, has excellent performance and high engineering application value.)

1. A dual-band full-airspace satellite communication phased-array antenna comprises a Ku-band one-dimensional active phased-array antenna and an S-band two-dimensional active phased-array antenna, and is characterized by comprising a base, wherein a rotating mechanism is arranged on the lower surface of the base; the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna are both positioned on the upper surface of the base; the height of the antenna array surface of the S-band two-dimensional active phased array antenna is larger than that of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna, the included angle between the antenna array surface of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the horizontal plane is 40 degrees, the antenna array surface of the S-band two-dimensional active phased array antenna is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the antenna array surface of the S-band two-dimensional active phased array antenna is positioned on the back of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna.

2. The dual-band full-airspace satellite communication phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S-band two-dimensional active phased array antenna both adopt a common transceiving system to communicate with a geostationary satellite.

3. The dual-band full-airspace satellite communication phased array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the elevation surface beam of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna realizes large-angle electronic scanning, and the azimuth surface beam adopts mechanical 0-360-degree arbitrary angle scanning.

4. The dual-band full-airspace satellite communication phased-array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased-array antenna and the S-band two-dimensional active phased-array antenna both adopt an integrated tracking strategy, and beams of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased-array antenna and the S-band two-dimensional active phased-array antenna can respectively point to a satellite of a corresponding frequency band in real time and communicate.

5. The dual-band full-airspace satellite communication phased-array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the radio-frequency front ends of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased-array antenna and the S-band two-dimensional active phased-array antenna are both provided with cavity duplexers having notch structures, and the receiving/transmitting channels of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased-array antenna and the S-band two-dimensional active phased-array antenna are both provided with miniaturized filters.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a dual-band full-airspace satellite communication phased-array antenna.

Background

The phased array antenna is widely applied to multiple application directions such as reconnaissance, interference, detection and communication, and in communication application, satellite communication has the advantages of wide coverage, long transmission distance, large communication capacity, good transmission quality, flexible and rapid networking, high confidentiality and the like, and becomes a very competitive communication means at present.

The satellite communication phased array antenna needs to break through key technologies such as a broadband wide-angle scanning antenna, an antenna-radio frequency integrated design, high-precision tracking, rapid amplitude and phase calibration of the phased array antenna and the like. Especially, the research and development of the large-space scanning phased array antenna aiming at multi-satellite communication are urgent. In terms of the current technology, the above capabilities are generally realized by adopting a broadband array or a multi-frequency mixed array, but the two technologies have the disadvantages of difficult design and large array area.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a dual-band full airspace satellite communication phased array antenna. The phased array antenna corrects the defects mentioned in the background, is easy to realize technically, has excellent performance and has high engineering application value.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a dual-band full-airspace satellite communication phased-array antenna comprises a Ku-band one-dimensional active phased-array antenna and an S-band two-dimensional active phased-array antenna, and comprises a base, wherein a rotating mechanism is arranged on the lower surface of the base; the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna are both positioned on the upper surface of the base; the included angle between the antenna array surface of the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the horizontal plane is 40 degrees, and the antenna array surface of the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna is parallel to the horizontal plane; the height of the antenna array surface of the S-band two-dimensional active phased array antenna is not lower than the highest position of the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna array surface, and the S-band two-dimensional active phased array antenna is positioned behind the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and is connected with the Ku-band one-dimensional active phased array antenna through a structural member.

Furthermore, the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna both adopt a receiving and transmitting sharing system to communicate with a synchronous satellite.

Furthermore, the pitching plane wave beam of the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased-array antenna realizes large-angle electronic scanning, and the azimuth plane wave beam adopts mechanical 0-360-degree arbitrary angle scanning.

Furthermore, the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased-array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased-array antenna adopt an integrated tracking strategy, and wave beams of the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased-array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased-array antenna can respectively point to satellites of corresponding frequency bands in real time and communicate.

Furthermore, the radio frequency front ends of the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna are both provided with cavity duplexers with notch structures, and the receiving/transmitting channels of the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna are both provided with miniaturized filters.

The invention adopts the technical scheme to produce the beneficial effects that:

the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna are adopted, the structural characteristics of the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna are ingeniously utilized, the purpose of placing the two frequency band antennas in a limited space is achieved, and the Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and the S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna can work simultaneously without mutual interference. Compared with a common array plane dual-frequency phased array antenna or a broadband phased array antenna, the dual-frequency phased array antenna solves the problems of large array plane size of the dual-frequency phased array antenna and complex design and realization of the broadband phased array antenna, is easy to realize technically, has the characteristic of space multiplexing, saves the installation space of an airplane, has excellent performance and has very high engineering application value.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a back structure of an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calibration and monitoring operation of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the calibration and monitoring operation of fig. 1.

In the figure: 1. ku antenna, 2, S antenna, 3, antenna pedestal, 4, frequency converter, 5, slip ring, 6, power module, 7, antenna control unit, 8, calibration and monitoring extension, 9, distributed beam control unit.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

The embodiment mainly comprises a Ku frequency band one-dimensional active phased array antenna and an S frequency band two-dimensional active phased array antenna which are not shielded from each other and can independently complete the satellite search; meanwhile, the front ends of the radio frequency signals and the radio frequency signals both adopt cavity duplexers with notch structures, and are combined with miniaturized filters arranged in channels, so that mutual interference between receiving/transmitting channels of the two duplexers can be effectively eliminated, the Ku/S dual-frequency simultaneous working of the antenna is guaranteed, and the purpose of high-speed communication with a synchronous satellite is achieved.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, structurally, a Ku antenna 1 and an S antenna 2 are designed to be co-platform and are both located on an antenna pedestal; the S-band antenna is arranged behind the Ku-band antenna array surface, the installation height of the array surface is not lower than the upper edge of the Ku-band antenna array surface, and the S-band antenna is fixed on the Ku-band antenna structure frame through a fastener. The S antenna is a two-dimensional electric scanning system and realizes +/-60-degree conical scanning; the Ku antenna is a one-dimensional electric scanning system, the pitching plane is electrically scanned at 10-90 degrees, and the azimuth plane is mechanically scanned at 0-360 degrees without limit. The S antenna and the Ku antenna are not shielded, so that space multiplexing is realized, and the installation space of the airplane is saved.

The antenna control unit 7 of the Ku antenna is composed of a radio frequency channel subsystem, a tracking subsystem, a scaling and monitoring subsystem and a structural frame subsystem. The radio frequency channel subsystem comprises a dual-linear polarization array, an active radio frequency component and a receiving and transmitting feed network, and achieves the functions of signal receiving and transmitting such as amplification, amplitude-phase weighting, filtering, radiation and signal receiving. The tracking subsystem comprises an antenna control unit, a driving unit, a distributed beam control unit 9 and an azimuth motor, adopts a tracking mode of pitching phase scanning and azimuth machine scanning, and combines a single-pulse tracking system to realize high-precision stable tracking. The scaling and monitoring subsystem comprises a transceiving scaling network and a scaling and monitoring extension set 8, and realizes the functions of internal calibration and real-time monitoring of a radio frequency channel. The structure seat frame subsystem comprises equipment such as an azimuth bearing, a slip ring 5, a rotary joint and a supporting structure, wherein a Ku antenna and an S antenna are supplied with power through a power module 6, the Ku antenna and the S antenna are supported, and 360-degree rotation of an azimuth plane is achieved.

Ku reception operating principle: the antenna control unit receives a working instruction of the satellite-based satellite-borne communication transceiving processing terminal, receives airborne inertial navigation information, calculates a beam pointing angle and a satellite polarization angle, decomposes the beam pointing angle and the satellite polarization angle into a pitch angle and a azimuth angle, and sends a wave control code and a polarization synthesis code of each active radio frequency channel to the phase shifter and the attenuator to realize the presetting of amplitude and phase of each channel, the pitch beam pointing to a preset position and the adjustment of antenna polarization to be matched with satellite polarization. And simultaneously, the driving unit drives the azimuth motor to enable the azimuth beam to point to a preset position, so that the beam is primarily pointed to the satellite. After receiving satellite signals, the antenna array transmits the satellite signals to a rear-end active radio frequency channel to complete amplification, filtering and amplitude-phase weighting of the signals, the signals are combined and synthesized into received signals through a feed network, one path of the received signals is transmitted to a satellite communication terminal for corresponding processing, the other path of the received signals is transmitted to a tracking receiver, calculated through a tracking algorithm and transmitted to an antenna control unit to adjust beam direction, and self-tracking of a target is achieved.

Ku transmission operating principle: in the aspect of signal tracking, the transmitting wave beam and the tracking wave beam point to the same direction, the antenna control unit calculates the polarization angle of the satellite, the wave beam control unit controls the transmitting active radio frequency channel and the action phase shifter to realize the polarization phase setting of the channel, so that the polarization of the transmitting antenna is matched with the polarization of the satellite. In the aspect of radio frequency signals, the satellite polarization matching signals are formed by transmitting the satellite polarization matching signals to the antenna radio frequency signals through the satellite transceiving processing terminal, combining and distributing the radio frequency signals to each radio frequency channel through the feed network, performing operations such as filtering, amplitude-phase weighting and amplification, and then transmitting the radio frequency signals to the two 1-to-8 power dividers and the dual-linear polarization array through the 90-degree electric bridge.

Ku antenna calibration and monitoring principle: the Ku antenna control unit receives a calibration command of a satellite-based communication receiving and transmitting processing terminal and sends the calibration command to the beam control unit, the beam control unit controls the calibration and monitoring extension units, frequency sources of the calibration and monitoring extension units are opened, signals are sent to the receiving/transmitting channels in sequence according to a preset calibration sequence, the beam control unit controls the switches of the calibration channels to be switched on and off in sequence, the signals are coupled to the calibration and monitoring extension units through the coupler, initial amplitude values of all channels are obtained through internal amplitude and phase discrimination of the extension units, then amplitude and phase compensation is carried out on the array radio frequency channels, and calibration is completed. After the calibration is finished, the calibration and monitoring extension set transmits the obtained amplitude and phase values of each radio frequency channel to the beam control unit, analyzes and compares the amplitude and phase values with outgoing amplitude and phase information of the radio frequency channels in the memory, judges the working state of the channels, performs operations such as alarming and power failure of the radio frequency channels, and then transmits the monitoring information back to the guard transceiver processing terminal.

The S antenna consists of a circularly polarized transmitting and receiving shared antenna array, a T/R component, a transmitting/receiving feed network, a wave control unit and an external framework, and realizes real-time pointing and scanning of wave beams, amplification of signals, amplitude-phase weighting, filtering and radiation.

S antenna receiving working principle: when receiving signals, the wave control unit receives the airborne combined inertial navigation information and the axial angle encoder information of the Ku antenna, obtains local position information, satellite position information, carrier attitude information and azimuth angle information of the antenna, calculates the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the antenna pointing to the satellite, obtains a deck angle (theta, phi) through coordinate conversion, calculates the wave control code corresponding to each radio frequency channel according to the angle, controls phase shifting and attenuation in the T/R assembly to complete state switching, generates amplitude-phase distribution corresponding to beam pointing, and enables the beam to point to the satellite. The S antenna circular polarization array receives satellite signals, the satellite signals enter the duplexer to carry out frequency diversity of received and transmitted signals, the received signals enter the synthesis network to carry out signal synthesis after operations of amplification, filtering, amplitude-phase weighting and the like, and then the signals are transmitted to the satellite receiving and transmitting processing terminal to carry out operations of frequency conversion, sampling, demodulation and the like.

S antenna transmission theory of operation: when a signal is transmitted, the beam pointing angle is the same as that of a received signal, signal excitation is transmitted by a satellite-based transceiving processing terminal, signal distribution is carried out through a feed network, the signal enters each path of radio frequency assembly, signal filtering, amplitude-phase adjustment, amplification and the like are carried out, and then the signal passes through a transceiving duplexer and is radiated by an antenna circular polarization array.

In the embodiment, a dual-band antenna integrated tracking strategy is adopted, so that the S antenna and the Ku antenna can be respectively aligned to the satellites in the corresponding frequency bands all the time in the motion process and stably communicate. The antenna tracking strategy mainly comprises an antenna-to-satellite initial acquisition and an antenna-to-satellite stable tracking process.

Initial acquisition of the antenna to the satellite: the antenna control unit receives a working instruction of the satellite communication transceiving processing terminal, then receives airborne inertial navigation information, and obtains local position information, satellite position information of S frequency band and Ku frequency band, and carrier attitude information. Firstly, solving an azimuth angle, a pitch angle and a polarization angle of a Ku one-dimensional phased array antenna pointing to a satellite, then transmitting the pitch angle and the polarization angle to a Ku wave beam control unit, solving wave control codes and polarization synthesis codes of each active radio frequency channel by the Ku wave beam control unit, sending the wave control codes and the polarization synthesis codes to a phase shifter and an attenuator which are arranged in the active channel, realizing amplitude-phase presetting of each channel, enabling the pitch wave beam to point to a preset position, and adjusting the polarization of the antenna to be matched with the polarization of the satellite; and simultaneously, the antenna control unit sends an instruction to the driving unit to drive the azimuth motor to rotate the antenna, so that the azimuth beam points to a preset position, and the initial acquisition of the Ku antenna to the satellite is completed. Meanwhile, the antenna control unit receives antenna azimuth angle information fed back by the driving unit in real time, then the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the S antenna pointing to the satellite are calculated by combining the antenna position information, the satellite position information and the carrier attitude information, two parameters are transmitted to the S beam control unit, the S beam control unit calculates a wave control code corresponding to each radio frequency channel, phase shift and attenuation in the T/R assembly are controlled to complete state switching, amplitude phase distribution corresponding to the beam pointing is generated, the beam is pointed to the satellite, and initial satellite capturing of the S antenna is completed.

And (3) antenna-to-satellite stable tracking process: the Ku antenna adopts a single pulse tracking mode to perform partition design on an array surface, after an antenna initially captures a satellite, the Ku antenna array surface receives signals, the signals are amplified by an active radio frequency channel, the sub-array surface of each partition is firstly subjected to signal synthesis to form two signals, then a sum signal, a sum modulation signal and a difference signal are respectively formed by 1 sum-difference device, the difference signal is reserved as a debugging test port, the sum signal and the sum modulation signal enter a dual-channel down converter 4 to be changed into two paths of intermediate frequency signals, the intermediate frequency sum signal is used for satellite-to-satellite communication service of a satellite-communication terminal, the intermediate frequency sum modulation signal is used for an integrated tracking receiver, error information obtained by demodulating the receiver is fed back to an antenna control unit, and the antenna control unit is used for correcting the beam direction of the antenna in real time. The S antenna adopts a cone scanning tracking mode, after the initial acquisition of the antenna to the satellite is completed, the S antenna array surface receives signals, the signals are amplified by an active radio frequency channel and divided into two paths of radio frequency signals, one path of signals are used for satellite communication service of a satellite communication terminal, the other path of signals are used for down-conversion and then are sent to an integrated tracking receiver, meanwhile, an antenna control unit finely adjusts the beam in a preset range according to cone rules, the tracking receiver feeds back beam pointing error information obtained by cone scanning to the antenna control unit, and the antenna control unit corrects the beam pointing of the antenna in real time.