阅读说明：本技术 一种轻质立体绿化保水基质的制备方法及应用 (Preparation method and application of light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix ) 是由 邹水平 吴小业 孙思 付成洪 谭秀敏 于 2021-09-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种轻质立体绿化保水基质,属于园林农艺技术领域,按重量份数计,包括草炭土20-35份、保水剂5-10份、堆肥污泥8-12份、珍珠岩4-8份、蛭石4-8份、活性炭5-10份、缓释肥6-10份和助剂1-10份,其中,所述保水剂为吸水性凝胶材料,所述助剂为生长调节剂、抗菌剂、pH调节剂中的一种或多种；本发明所述保水基质具有良好的保水性和较低的比重,利用吸水性凝胶材料本身良好的吸水保水性能,极大降低水流失。(The invention provides a light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix, which belongs to the technical field of garden agriculture, and comprises 20-35 parts of turfy soil, 5-10 parts of a water-retaining agent, 8-12 parts of compost sludge, 4-8 parts of perlite, 4-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 6-10 parts of a slow-release fertilizer and 1-10 parts of an auxiliary agent in parts by weight, wherein the water-retaining agent is a water-absorbing gel material, and the auxiliary agent is one or more of a growth regulator, an antibacterial agent and a pH regulator; the water-retaining matrix has good water-retaining property and lower specific gravity, and the water loss is greatly reduced by utilizing the good water-absorbing and water-retaining property of the water-absorbing gel material.)

1. The light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix is characterized by comprising, by weight, 20-35 parts of turfy soil, 5-10 parts of a water-retaining agent, 8-12 parts of compost sludge, 4-8 parts of perlite, 4-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 6-10 parts of a slow-release fertilizer and 1-10 parts of an auxiliary agent, wherein the water-retaining agent is a water-absorbing gel material.

2. The light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the water-absorbing gel material comprises the following steps:

respectively weighing N-isopropylacrylamide and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide as monomers, dissolving N, N-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent in deionized water to prepare a solution with the total concentration of 56-60g/L, removing oxygen by nitrogen blowing to obtain a solution A, preparing a mixed solution of polypyrrole and polyvinylpyrrolidone with the concentration of 10g/L and 1g/L respectively, removing oxygen by nitrogen blowing to obtain a solution B, mixing the solution A and the solution B with an ammonium persulfate solution under stirring in a protective atmosphere, standing and aging for 12-24h after full mixing, adding water for soaking for 24h, changing water once every 4h, performing freeze-thaw treatment after soaking, circulating for 3-8 times, washing with deionized water, and crushing after freeze-drying to obtain the water-absorbent gel material;

wherein the mass ratio of the N-isopropyl acrylamide, the N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is 100: (12-14): (4-5); the concentration of the ammonium persulfate solution is 20-25g/L, and the mixing volume ratio of the solution A, the solution B and the ammonium persulfate solution is (2-4): 1: (8-10).

3. The light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solution A further comprises 1-3 wt.% of cellulose nanofibers or nanocignal fibers.

4. The lightweight three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises one or more of a growth regulator, an antibacterial agent and a pH regulator.

5. The light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix as claimed in claim 4, wherein the auxiliary agent further comprises modified silica nanoparticles, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Dissolving CTAB in dimethylformamide to prepare a solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.6 wt.%, adding 25 wt.% concentrated ammonia water according to 1-3% of the volume of the solution, adding 2-3 times of volume of deionized water for dilution, adding deionized water with the same volume as that of a mixed system for dilution and dispersion after vigorous stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dropwise adding ethyl orthosilicate with the same volume as that of the concentrated ammonia water into the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, stirring and reacting at 30-40 ℃ for 10-20h after dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with ethanol, dispersing the precipitate in a mixed solution of absolute ethanol and 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃ for 1-3h, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with deionized water to be neutral, drying, heating to 500-550 ℃ at 4-5 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 4-6h, cooling to obtain mesoporous silica nano particles;

(2) modified load

Weighing yttrium, ytterbium and thulium acetate according to a molar ratio of 100 (10-30) (0-0.5), dissolving the yttrium, ytterbium and thulium acetate in methanol to prepare a solution with the metal content of 0.2mol/L to obtain a solution C, sequentially adding oleic acid and 1-octadecene, adding the mesoporous silica nanoparticles according to a material-liquid ratio of 50g/L for dispersion, hermetically heating to 140 ℃ and 150 ℃ and preserving heat for 30-60min, cooling to below 50 ℃, dropwise adding a methanol mixed solution of ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide under a stirring condition, preserving heat, stirring for reaction for 10-30min, evaporating the solvent, heating to 400 ℃ at 5 ℃/min under a nitrogen atmosphere and preserving heat for 1.5-2h, cooling to room temperature, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the modified silica nanoparticles;

wherein the volume ratio of the solution C to the methanol mixed solution of oleic acid, 1-octadecene, ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide is 2: 3: 7: 6, the concentrations of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide in the methanol mixed solution of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide are respectively 10g/L and 6 g/L.

6. The light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:

weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 1-10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml and 1-2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a solution D, adding a calcium chloride solution with the volume of 0.1-0.2mol/L of 50% of the solution D, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h, repeatedly freezing and thawing, soaking in deionized water, removing soaking water, cutting into small blocks, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, performing annealing treatment in air after freeze-drying, wherein the annealing temperature is 300-400 ℃, the annealing time is 10-20min, cooling to obtain a slow release carrier, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water soluble fertilizer, soaking and loading, filtering, drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface, wetting, coating lignin powder on the fertilizer-carrying slow-release carrier, spraying a layer of cellulose acetate butyrate and ethyl acetate of liquid paraffin on the surface, and drying to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.

7. The preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining substrate as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

weighing the components according to the weight part ratio for later use, grinding and mixing the water-retaining agent and the turfy soil to obtain a first mixture, grinding and mixing the perlite and the vermiculite to obtain a second mixture, mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, adding an auxiliary agent, uniformly mixing, and uniformly mixing with the compost sludge, the activated carbon and the slow-release fertilizer to obtain the fertilizer.

8. Use of a water-retaining matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in three-dimensional greening.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garden agriculture, in particular to a preparation method and application of a light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix.

Background

The three-dimensional greening is a general term of ground greening, wall greening and roof greening, is a mode of greening in three-dimensional space corresponding to ground greening, and is characterized by that in order to make full use of space, climbing plants are planted on the roof, wall, balcony, windowsill and shed frame, etc. to increase greening cage coverage rate and improve living environment. The three-dimensional greening has the advantages of small land occupation, large cage cover surface, low manufacturing cost and quick response, and the three-dimensional greening not only can supplement the defects of flat land greening and home greening, enrich greening levels, but also is beneficial to restoring ecological balance, and improve adverse environment, so that the three-dimensional greening and the home greening are more harmonious and unified with the environment.

With the rapid development of urbanization, a large amount of land is used for urban construction, a lot of cities have seriously insufficient land for greening, the greening area does not reach the standard, and the three-dimensional greening can adopt a three-dimensional and combined method to perform a large amount of greening in a small amount of space on the basis of not occupying or occupying a small amount of land resources, so that the limited space of the city is changed into an infinite green resource, the contradiction between the greening and the land is solved, a new environment space for human survival is developed, the heat island effect caused by excessive carbon emission of the city is improved, and the unimaginable effect and effect are generated in the aspects of improving the urban landscape effect and the urban living quality. In recent decades, in the face of the continuous deterioration of the environmental quality of cities around the world, the three-dimensional greening develops more rapidly, and achieves fruitful results, and shows the trends of globalization, diversification, scale and rapidity, and the three-dimensional greening becomes an important component of the world green sports.

The cultivation medium is a key technology for determining the stability of the three-dimensional greening function, has different requirements on the cultivation medium based on different three-dimensional greening application scenes, needs to have certain nutrients, and has the advantages of light weight, good air permeability, good water and fertilizer retention property and the like. Because the current culture medium has insufficient water-retaining property and higher volume weight, nutrients required for the long-term growth of green plants are difficult to maintain, the long-term effective growth of the plants cannot be maintained, and the development of urban three-dimensional greening construction is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a preparation method and application of a light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix.

The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix comprises, by weight, 20-35 parts of turfy soil, 5-10 parts of a water-retaining agent, 8-12 parts of compost sludge, 4-8 parts of perlite, 4-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 6-10 parts of a slow-release fertilizer and 1-10 parts of an auxiliary agent, wherein the water-retaining agent is a water-absorbing gel material.

Preferably, the preparation method of the water-absorbent gel material comprises the following steps:

respectively weighing N-isopropylacrylamide and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide as monomers, dissolving N, N-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent in deionized water to prepare a solution with the total concentration of 56-60g/L, removing oxygen by nitrogen blowing to obtain a solution A, preparing a mixed solution of polypyrrole and polyvinylpyrrolidone with the concentration of 10g/L and 1g/L respectively, removing oxygen by nitrogen blowing to obtain a solution B, mixing the solution A and the solution B with an ammonium persulfate solution under stirring in a protective atmosphere, standing and aging for 12-24h after full mixing, adding water for soaking for 24h, changing water once every 4h, performing freeze-thaw treatment after soaking, circulating for 3-8 times, washing with deionized water, and crushing after freeze-drying to obtain the water-absorbent gel material;

wherein the mass ratio of the N-isopropyl acrylamide, the N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is 100: (12-14): (4-5); the concentration of the ammonium persulfate solution is 20-25g/L, and the mixing volume ratio of the solution A, the solution B and the ammonium persulfate solution is (2-4): 1: (8-10).

Preferably, the solution a further comprises 1-3 wt.% of cellulose nanofibers or nanocollagen fibers.

Preferably, the auxiliary agent comprises one or more of a growth regulator, an antibacterial agent and a pH regulator.

Preferably, the auxiliary agent also comprises modified silica nanoparticles, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Dissolving CTAB in dimethylformamide to prepare a solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.6 wt.%, adding 25 wt.% concentrated ammonia water according to 1-3% of the volume of the solution, adding 2-3 times of volume of deionized water for dilution, adding deionized water with the same volume as that of a mixed system for dilution and dispersion after vigorous stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dropwise adding ethyl orthosilicate with the same volume as that of the concentrated ammonia water into the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, stirring and reacting at 30-40 ℃ for 10-20h after dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with ethanol, dispersing the precipitate in a mixed solution of absolute ethanol and 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃ for 1-3h, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with deionized water to be neutral, drying, heating to 500-550 ℃ at 4-5 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 4-6h, cooling to obtain mesoporous silica nano particles;

(2) modified load

Weighing yttrium, ytterbium and thulium acetate according to a molar ratio of 100 (10-30) (0-0.5), dissolving the yttrium, ytterbium and thulium acetate in methanol to prepare a solution with the metal content of 0.2mol/L to obtain a solution C, sequentially adding oleic acid and 1-octadecene, adding the mesoporous silica nanoparticles according to a material-liquid ratio of 50g/L for dispersion, hermetically heating to 140 ℃ and 150 ℃ and preserving heat for 30-60min, cooling to below 50 ℃, dropwise adding a methanol mixed solution of ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide under a stirring condition, preserving heat, stirring for reaction for 10-30min, evaporating the solvent, heating to 400 ℃ at 5 ℃/min under a nitrogen atmosphere and preserving heat for 1.5-2h, cooling to room temperature, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the modified silica nanoparticles;

wherein the volume ratio of the solution C to the methanol mixed solution of oleic acid, 1-octadecene, ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide is 2: 3: 7: 6, the concentrations of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide in the methanol mixed solution of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide are respectively 10g/L and 6 g/L.

Preferably, the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:

weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 1-10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml and 1-2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a solution D, adding a calcium chloride solution with the volume of 0.1-0.2mol/L of 50% of the solution D, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h, repeatedly freezing and thawing, soaking in deionized water, removing soaking water, cutting into small blocks, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, performing annealing treatment in air after freeze-drying, wherein the annealing temperature is 300-400 ℃, the annealing time is 10-20min, cooling to obtain a slow release carrier, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water soluble fertilizer, soaking and loading, filtering, drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface, wetting, coating lignin powder on the fertilizer-carrying slow-release carrier, spraying a layer of cellulose acetate butyrate and ethyl acetate of liquid paraffin on the surface, and drying to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the water-retaining matrix, which specifically comprises the following steps:

weighing the components according to the weight part ratio for later use, grinding and mixing the water-retaining agent and the turfy soil to obtain a first mixture, grinding and mixing the perlite and the vermiculite to obtain a second mixture, mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, adding an auxiliary agent, uniformly mixing, and uniformly mixing with the compost sludge, the activated carbon and the slow-release fertilizer to obtain the fertilizer.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) aiming at the problems of insufficient water retention and higher volume weight of the current culture medium, the water retention medium is compounded with various inorganic minerals and active soil, has good water retention and lower specific gravity, is steamed, and obtains good water retention effect by using good water absorption performance of a water absorption gel material, turfy soil, compost sludge and slow release fertilizer can provide long-acting and rich fertility for the medium, and perlite, vermiculite and active carbon provide long-acting ventilation and loosening performance for the medium.

(2) The hydrogel material is prepared by taking N-isopropyl acrylamide and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide as monomers, N-methylene bisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent and ammonium persulfate as an initiator through cross-linking, and further, the polypyrrole and polyvinylpyrrolidone chains are embedded in the hydrogel material to form an interpenetrating cross-linked polymer network connection structure, so that the strength of the hydrogel is improved, and the water retention of the hydrogel material is improved.

(2) Based on the characteristics of three-dimensional greening, the intensity of illumination and fertilizer nutrients received by green plants and plane greening are difficult to obtain, and the photosynthesis and growth of the three-dimensional greening green plants are not facilitated; NaYF 4: yb is a fluoride up-conversion fluorescent matrix material with low phonon energy and high fluorescence efficiency, and can absorb near-infrared light (980nm) and generate light conversion by a doped sensitizer Yb3+ ion.

(3) According to the application, natural sodium alginate and konjac flour are used as gel materials to prepare gel, the gel is subjected to natural permeation and diffusion of aluminum ions to realize gradient distribution with gradually increased content from inside to outside, and an aluminum oxide hollow material with a layered structure is prepared through an annealing process and used for loading of a multi-element composite water-soluble fertilizer, so that slow release of the fertilizer can be realized, long-acting fertility is provided for the three-dimensional greening green plants, and artificial fertilization times are reduced.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1

A light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix comprises, by weight, 28 parts of turfy soil, 8 parts of water-absorbing gel materials, 9 parts of compost sludge, 6 parts of perlite, 7 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of activated carbon, 8 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 1 part of gibberellin and/or potassium indolebutyrate;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

weighing the components according to the weight part ratio for later use, grinding and mixing the water-absorbing gel material and the turfy soil to obtain a first mixture, grinding and mixing the perlite and the vermiculite to obtain a second mixture, mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, adding an auxiliary agent, uniformly mixing, and uniformly mixing with the compost sludge, the activated carbon and the slow-release fertilizer to obtain the slow-release fertilizer;

the preparation method of the water-absorbing gel material comprises the following steps:

the weight ratio is 100: 13: 4.5 weighing N-isopropylacrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide respectively as monomers, N, N-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent and dissolving in deionized water to prepare a solution with the total concentration of 58g/L, and blowing nitrogen to remove oxygen to obtain a solution A, preparing a mixed solution of polypyrrole and polyvinylpyrrolidone with the concentrations of 10g/L and 1g/L respectively, and blowing nitrogen to remove oxygen to obtain a solution B, wherein under the protection atmosphere, the solution A, the solution B and an ammonium persulfate solution are stirred while the volume ratio is 3: 1: 10, fully mixing, standing and aging for 12h, adding water, soaking for 24h, changing water once every 4h, performing freeze-thaw treatment after soaking, circulating for 6 times, washing with deionized water, and crushing after freeze-drying to obtain the water-absorbent gel material, wherein the concentration of the ammonium persulfate solution is 22.3 g/L;

the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:

weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 2g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 4g/100ml and 2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a solution D, adding a 0.12mol/L calcium chloride solution with the volume of 50% of the solution D, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5h, repeatedly freezing and thawing, soaking in deionized water, cutting into small blocks after removing soaking water, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, freeze-drying, annealing in air at the annealing temperature of 360 ℃, annealing for 11min to obtain a slow-release carrier, adding the slow-release carrier into a composite water-soluble fertilizer for soaking load, filtering, drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface, wetting, coating the lignin powder on a fertilizer-carrying slow-release carrier, spraying a layer of cellulose acetate butyrate and ethyl acetate of liquid paraffin on the surface of the carrier, and drying to obtain the slow-release preparation with the load of 32.43 wt.%.

Example 2

The composition and the preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the differences are that:

the preparation method of the water-absorbing gel material comprises the following steps:

the weight ratio is 100: 13: 4.5 weighing N-isopropylacrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide respectively as monomers, N, N-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent and dissolving in deionized water to prepare a solution with the total concentration of 58g/L, and blowing nitrogen to remove oxygen to obtain a solution A, preparing a mixed solution of polypyrrole and polyvinylpyrrolidone with the concentrations of 10g/L and 1g/L respectively, and blowing nitrogen to remove oxygen to obtain a solution B, wherein under the protection atmosphere, the solution A, the solution B and an ammonium persulfate solution are stirred while the volume ratio is 3: 1: 10, fully mixing, standing and aging for 12h, adding water, soaking for 24h, changing water once every 4h, washing with deionized water after soaking, freeze-drying and crushing to obtain the water-absorbent gel material, wherein the concentration of the ammonium persulfate solution is 22.3 g/L;

example 3

The composition and the preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the differences are that:

the solution a also included 2 wt.% cellulose nanofibers or nanocignal fibers.

Example 4

A sustained release preparation of a multi-element water soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 2g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 4g/100ml and 2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a mixed liquid B, adding a 0.12mol/L calcium chloride solution with the volume of 50% of the mixed liquid B, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5h, repeatedly freezing and thawing, soaking in deionized water, cutting into small blocks after removing soaking water, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, freeze-drying, annealing in air at the annealing temperature of 360 ℃ for 11min, cooling to obtain a slow release carrier, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water-soluble fertilizer, soaking for loading, filtering and drying to obtain the slow release preparation with the loading capacity of 31.24 wt.%.

Example 5

A sustained release preparation of a multi-element water soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water-soluble fertilizer for soaking and loading, filtering and drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface for wetting, coating lignin powder on the fertilizer-carrying slow release carrier, spraying a layer of ethyl acetate solution containing 5% cellulose acetate butyrate and 2% liquid paraffin on the surface, and drying to obtain the slow release preparation with the load of 27.18 wt.%.

Example 6

The preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix is the same as that of the example 1, and the difference is that:

the auxiliary agent comprises 2 parts of modified silicon dioxide nano particles, and the preparation method of the modified silicon dioxide nano particles comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Dissolving CTAB in 100mL of dimethylformamide to prepare a solution with the concentration of 0.4 wt.%, adding 2mL of 25 wt.% concentrated ammonia water, adding 200mL of deionized water for dilution, adding 300mL of deionized water for dilution and dispersion after vigorous stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dropwise adding 2mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, stirring and reacting at 30-40 ℃ for 12 hours after dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with ethanol, and dispersing the precipitate in a volume ratio of 10: 1, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃ for 2h, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate to be neutral by deionized water, drying, heating to 500 ℃ at 4-5 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation and treatment for 5h, and cooling to obtain mesoporous silica nanoparticles;

(2) modified load

According to the molar ratio of 100: 30: 0.5 weighing acetate of yttrium, ytterbium and thulium, dissolving the acetate in methanol to prepare a solution with the metal content of 0.2mol/L to obtain a solution C, sequentially adding oleic acid and 1-octadecene for mixing, adding the mesoporous silica nanoparticles according to the material-liquid ratio of 50g/L for dispersion, hermetically heating to 140 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 30-60min, cooling to below 50 ℃, dropwise adding a methanol mixed solution of ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide under the stirring condition, keeping the temperature for stirring and reacting for 10-30min, evaporating the solvent, heating to 400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min under the nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature for 1.5-2h, cooling to room temperature, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the modified silica nanoparticles;

wherein the volume ratio of the solution C to the methanol mixed solution of oleic acid, 1-octadecene, ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide is 2: 3: 7: 6, the concentrations of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide in the methanol mixed solution of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide are respectively 10g/L and 6 g/L.

Example 7

The preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix is the same as that in example 3, and the difference is that:

the preparation method of the modified silica nanoparticle comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Dissolving CTAB in 100mL of dimethylformamide to prepare a solution with the concentration of 0.4 wt.%, adding 2mL of 25 wt.% concentrated ammonia water, adding 200mL of deionized water for dilution, adding 300mL of deionized water for dilution and dispersion after vigorous stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dropwise adding 2mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, stirring and reacting at 30-40 ℃ for 12 hours after dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with ethanol, and dispersing the precipitate in a volume ratio of 10: 1, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃ for 2h, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate to be neutral by deionized water, drying, heating to 500 ℃ at 4-5 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation and treatment for 5h, and cooling to obtain mesoporous silica nanoparticles;

(2) modified load

According to the molar ratio of 100: weighing yttrium and ytterbium acetate, dissolving the yttrium and ytterbium acetate in methanol to prepare a solution with the metal content of 0.2mol/L to obtain a mixed solution B, sequentially adding oleic acid and 1-octadecene to mix, adding the mesoporous silica nanoparticles according to the material-to-liquid ratio of 50g/L to disperse, hermetically heating to 140-150 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30-60min, cooling to below 50 ℃, dropwise adding the ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide methanol mixed solution under the stirring condition, keeping the temperature and stirring for reaction for 10-30min, evaporating the solvent, heating to 400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min under the nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature for 1.5-2h, cooling to room temperature, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the modified silica nanoparticles;

wherein the volume ratio of the mixed solution B to the methanol mixed solution of oleic acid, 1-octadecene, ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide is 2: 3: 7: 6, the concentrations of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide in the methanol mixed solution of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide are respectively 10g/L and 6 g/L.

Examples of the experiments

1. Substrate index determination

The specific gravity, the absorption rate, and the water retention time of the substrates prepared in examples 1, 2, and 3 were measured, wherein the water absorption rate is the mass of water (in%) absorbed by the substrate per mass, and the water retention time is the time (in h) for which the substrate sufficiently absorbed water was air-dried at 40 ℃ until the water retention capacity was 0, and the measurement results are as follows:

	specific gravity (g/cm)3)	Absorption rate (%)	Water retention time (%)
				Example 1	0.70	3117	72
Example 2	0.69	3049	68
				Example 3	0.72	3104	78

2. Slow release fertilizer effect

Filling 2cm of quartz sand into a chromatographic column with a sand core, which is 30cm high and 5.8cm in inner diameter, then filling 250g of the sustained-release preparation described in the embodiments 1, 4 and 5, and covering the column with 2cm of quartz sand to prevent disturbance when water is added; adding 250mL (based on the fact that water seeps out from the bottom of the plastic cup) of water for the first time to enable the soil moisture to be close to saturation, adding 200mL of water after culturing for 2d, collecting the leaching solution at the same time, culturing for 2d at room temperature (taking care to prevent the leaching column from being dried and cracked), performing leaching for the second time by using 200mL of water, and performing the operation according to the same procedure for each time. Namely, the culture is performed for 2d for leaching 1 time, and leaching is performed for 8 times in total.

Transferring the leaching solution into a 500mL volumetric flask, adding water to a constant volume, and detecting indexes such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and the like, wherein the result is as follows:

3. efficiency of photosynthesis

The influence of the medium described in examples 1, 6 and 7 on the chlorophyll content of seedlings of scindapsus aureus was determined under the same culture conditions using unmodified supported mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a comparison (application time 14d) and scindapsus aureus seedlings as green plants, 0.05g of scindapsus aureus leaves were cut into pieces, and the volume ratio of the pieces was 1: 1, soaking in 10ml of acetone-ethanol mixed solution, covering and placing in a dark place, and measuring the content of chlorophyll, wherein the measurement results are as follows:

	example 1	Example 6	Example 7	Comparison of
					Chlorophyll content (mg/g)	8	12	9	8

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.