Blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing method and device
阅读说明：本技术 一种蓝莓果蝇的诱杀方法及其诱杀设备 (Blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing method and device ) 是由 杨夫臣 朱红艳 秦仲麒 李先明 涂俊凡 伍涛 杨立 刘政 于 2021-09-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及蓝莓种植技术领域,公开了一种蓝莓果蝇的诱杀方法,包括以下步骤,S1,取蓝莓,并将蓝莓破碎后得蓝莓汁液；S2,将白砂糖与蓝莓汁液混合,搅拌并溶解,其中白砂糖与蓝莓的质量比为0.03-0.1；S3,将溶解后的液体进行发酵20-30天,其中在发酵过程中每5-7天与空气接触后搅拌一次,其他时间为密封发酵；S4,将红糖、C-(4)H-(8)Cl-(3)O-(4)P晶体溶解到S3中的发酵液中,充分搅拌并溶解得到诱杀液,其中每升发酵液中红糖的用量为50-100g,C-(4)H-(8)Cl-(3)O-(4)P晶体的用量为1.5-2.5g；S5,将配制好的诱杀液装入到带有敞口的容器中,并悬挂于蓝莓田间,容器距离地面高度为0.8-1.2米,每亩地均匀摆放容器10-20个。本发明能够有效的防治果蝇。(The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, and discloses a method for trapping and killing blueberry drosophila, which comprises the following steps of S1, taking blueberries, and crushing the blueberries to obtain blueberry juice; s2, mixing white granulated sugar and blueberry juice, stirring and dissolving, wherein the white granulated sugarThe mass ratio of the blueberry extract to the blueberry extract is 0.03-0.1; s3, fermenting the dissolved liquid for 20-30 days, wherein the liquid is stirred once after contacting with air every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, and the other time is sealed fermentation; s4, mixing brown sugar and C 4 H 8 Cl 3 O 4 Dissolving the P crystal into the fermentation liquor in S3, fully stirring and dissolving to obtain trapping and killing liquid, wherein the dosage of brown sugar in each liter of fermentation liquor is 50-100g, and C 4 H 8 Cl 3 O 4 The dosage of the P crystal is 1.5-2.5 g; s5, filling the prepared trapping and killing liquid into a container with an opening, suspending the container in a blueberry field, wherein the height of the container from the ground is 0.8-1.2 m, and 10-20 containers are uniformly placed in each mu of field. The invention can effectively control fruit flies.)
1. A method for trapping and killing blueberry fruit flies is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, taking blueberries, and crushing the blueberries to obtain blueberry juice;
s2, mixing the white granulated sugar and the blueberry juice, stirring and dissolving, wherein the mass ratio of the white granulated sugar to the blueberry is 0.03-0.1;
s3, fermenting the dissolved liquid for 20-30 days, wherein the liquid is stirred once after contacting with air every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, and the other time is sealed fermentation;
s4, mixing brown sugar and C4H8Cl3O4Dissolving the P crystal into the fermentation liquor in S3, fully stirring and dissolving to obtain trapping and killing liquid, wherein the dosage of brown sugar in each liter of fermentation liquor is 50-100g, and C4H8Cl3O4The dosage of the P crystal is 1.5-2.5 g;
s5, filling the prepared trapping and killing liquid into a container with an opening, suspending the container in a blueberry field, wherein the height of the container from the ground is 0.8-1.2 m, and 10-20 containers are uniformly placed in each mu of field.
2. The method for trapping and killing the blueberry fruit flies, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the blueberries in the S1 are cracked fruits, rotten fruits or old fruits preserved in a frozen mode in the last year or a plurality of years.
3. The method for trapping and killing the blueberry fruit flies, as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: in the fermentation process of S3, the relative humidity of air is 85-90%, and the temperature is 20-26 ℃.
4. The method for trapping and killing the blueberry fruit flies, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: and after the fermentation of the S3 is finished, sealing and carrying out after-fermentation for 10-15 days, wherein the relative humidity and temperature of air for after-fermentation are consistent with those of the fermentation.
5. The method for trapping and killing the blueberry fruit flies, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the S5, fruit flies in the container are cleaned regularly, and new trapping and killing liquid is supplemented.
6. A trapping and killing device for realizing the method for trapping and killing the blueberry fruit flies, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
the device comprises a preparation tank (1), wherein a sealing cover (2) is arranged at the top of the preparation tank (1), a first outer discharge pipe (3) is arranged at the bottom of the preparation tank, and a first control valve (4) is arranged on the first outer discharge pipe (3);
the support frame (5) is arranged at the top of the preparation tank (1), a power motor (6) is arranged on the support frame (5), a stirring rod (7) is vertically arranged at the bottom of the power motor (6), and stirring blades (8) positioned in the preparation tank (1) are arranged at the bottom of the stirring rod (7);
the grinding column (9) is horizontally arranged on the outer wall of the stirring rod (7), and a grinding cylinder (10) is rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the grinding column (9);
the rolling sieve plate (11), the rolling sieve plate (11) is porous, and the rolling cylinder (10) movably abuts against the upper surface of the rolling sieve plate (11);
the top of the suspension dish (12) is open, and U-shaped or V-shaped suspension arms (13) are hinged to two sides of the top of the suspension dish (12);
the cleaning frame (14) is in a cover shape with an upward opening, a plurality of liquid outlet holes (15) are formed in the cleaning frame (14), an inverted V-shaped or inverted U-shaped lifting handle (16) is fixedly arranged at the top of the cleaning frame (14), and the top of the lifting handle (16) is higher than the top of the hanging vessel (12);
filling tube (17), the bottom of filling tube (17) with the lateral wall of preparation jar (1) communicates with each other, just filling tube (17) with the intercommunication department of preparation jar (1) is located roll the below of sieve (11), the top threaded connection of filling tube (17) is provided with first lid (18), first lid (18) are located the outside of preparation jar (1).
7. The blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device as claimed in claim 6, wherein: grind a section of thick bamboo (10) and keep away from the tip of puddler (7) is coniform, the level is provided with annular gap reduction ring (19) on the inner wall of preparation jar (1), gap reduction groove (20), each department have been seted up at the inner wall middle part of gap reduction ring (19) the longitudinal section of gap reduction groove (20) is < shape, the tip of grinding a section of thick bamboo (10) is located in gap reduction groove (20), and with set distance between the inner wall of gap reduction groove (20), the top of gap reduction ring (19) is the slope form, just the top of gap reduction ring (19) with the interior wall connection of preparation jar (1).
8. The blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device as claimed in claim 7, wherein: a plurality of grinding columns (9) are arranged on the peripheral wall of the stirring rod (7), and a set interval is reserved between the end part of each grinding cylinder (10) close to the stirring rod (7) and the stirring rod (7);
a blocking ring (21) which is in a shape of a truncated cone with a small upper part and a large lower part is vertically movably sleeved on the stirring rod (7), a cylindrical blocking ring (22) is vertically arranged at the bottom of the blocking ring (21), the blocking ring (21) and the blocking ring (22) are both hollow, and a abdicating groove (23) for clamping the rolling column (9) is vertically formed in the bottom of the blocking ring (22);
a cleaning hole (24) is formed in the middle of the rolling sieve plate (11), when the top of the rolling column (9) abuts against the top of the abdicating groove (23), the bottom of the stop ring (22) is located in the cleaning hole (24), and a set gap is formed between the outer wall of the stop ring (22) and the inner wall of the cleaning hole (24);
the bottom of the rolling sieve plate (11) is also obliquely provided with a cleaning pipe (25) communicated with the cleaning hole (24), the top of the cleaning pipe (25) is connected with the rolling sieve plate (11), the bottom of the cleaning pipe penetrates through the side wall of the preparation tank (1) and is hermetically connected with the preparation tank (1), the bottom of the cleaning pipe (25) is separately provided with a second cover body (26), and the stirring rod (7) penetrates through the cleaning pipe (25) and is rotationally connected with the cleaning pipe (25);
the blocking ring (21) and the blocking ring (22) are provided with a plurality of first leakage holes (27), and the lower side of the cleaning pipe (25) in the preparation tank (1) is provided with a plurality of second leakage holes (28).
9. The blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the bottom of joining in marriage system jar (1) still communicates with each other in proper order and is provided with after fermentation pipe (29) and back fermentation cylinder (30), the top of after fermentation pipe (29) is provided with second control valve (31), just the top of after fermentation pipe (29) with the bottom of joining in marriage system jar (1) communicates with each other, the bottom with the top of after fermentation cylinder (30) communicates with each other, the bottom of after fermentation cylinder (30) be provided with communicating second in back fermentation cylinder (30) is managed (32) outward, be provided with third control valve (33) on the second is managed (32) outward.
10. The blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the stirring rod (7) comprises a sliding part (34) with a square cross section, a sliding barrel (35) is vertically arranged at the top of the blocking ring (21), and the inner wall of the sliding barrel (35) is movably attached to the outer wall of the sliding part (34);
a movable hole (36) is vertically formed in the middle of the sliding part (34), two ends of the movable hole (36) penetrate through two sides of the sliding part (34), movable grooves (37) with horizontal U-shaped openings are formed in the inner walls of two sides of the movable hole (36), clamping grooves (38) are further formed in the inner walls of the movable hole (36), and the clamping grooves (38) are communicated with the lower side of the top of the movable grooves (37);
a movable rod (39) horizontally movably penetrates through the sliding barrel (35), the longitudinal section of the movable rod (39) is square, two sides of the movable rod (39) are movably attached to the inner wall of the movable hole (36), a cylindrical positioning rod (40) perpendicular to the movable rod (39) is arranged in the middle of the movable rod (39), and the positioning rod (40) is movably located in the movable groove (37) or clamped in the clamping groove (38);
two ends of the movable rod (39) are located outside the sliding barrel (35), a first limiting disc (41) and a second limiting disc (42) are respectively arranged at two ends of the movable rod, an elastic part (43) is arranged between the second limiting disc (42) and the outer wall of the sliding barrel (35), two ends of the elastic part (43) are respectively fixedly connected with the second limiting disc (42) and the outer wall of the sliding barrel (35), and the middle part of the elastic part is wound on the outer wall of the movable rod (39);
a protective barrel (44) is further horizontally arranged on the outer wall of the sliding barrel (35), and the elastic piece (43) is movably located in the protective barrel (44).
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, in particular to a method and equipment for trapping and killing blueberry drosophila melanogaster.
Background
The blueberry, as a scientific name, belongs to Vaccinium plants in Ericaceae (Ericaceae), has unique fruit flavor, contains mineral elements such as sugar, acid, Vc, potassium, iron, zinc and the like, is rich in flavonoid nutritional and health-care components such as anthocyanin and the like, and has the anthocyanin content of 150 mg/100 g of fresh fruits which is several times or even dozens of times of that of apples, grapes and the like. The blueberry anthocyanin is used as a natural nutritional health-care component, and has an obvious protective effect on eyes, brains, livers, urinary systems and digestive systems of a human body. Therefore, the blueberries are popular with consumers as new small fruits, and have the advantages of large market demand, high selling price and wide development prospect.
The blueberry fruit flies are global quarantine pests, adults of the blueberry fruit flies lay eggs under the skin of nearly mature blueberry fruits, the adults are hatched into larvae to take juice on the spot, then the larvae eat the juice towards the fruit cores, and the damaged fruits are gradually softened, browned and rotted, cannot be eaten and lose commodity value. The drosophila melanogaster has super-strong fertility and diffusion capacity, the breeding period is short, the generations are overlapped, the 1 generation is generally bred in 20-30 days, the shortest is 7-9 days, 380 eggs can be laid in the average lifetime, and the eggs damage fruits after being incubated for 12-72 hours at normal temperature. And the host has various types, so that the insect is very difficult to restrain and eradicate. More than 50% of fruits are damaged when the blueberry is seriously damaged, and no grains are harvested in the whole garden when the blueberry is extremely heavy. The blueberry fruit flies become the first pests in blueberry production and are the key points for prevention and treatment.
In the blueberry production management process, chemical pesticides are strictly forbidden to ensure food safety, and measures such as physics, biology, agriculture and the like are required to be adopted to prevent and control blueberry fruit flies. However, effective prevention and control measures for the blueberry drosophila are lacked in the current production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and equipment for trapping and killing blueberry fruit flies, and aims to achieve the effect of effectively preventing and controlling the fruit flies.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for trapping and killing blueberry fruit flies comprises the following steps,
s1, taking blueberries, and crushing the blueberries to obtain blueberry juice;
s2, mixing the white granulated sugar and the blueberry juice, stirring and dissolving, wherein the mass ratio of the white granulated sugar to the blueberry is 0.03-0.1;
s3, fermenting the dissolved liquid for 20-30 days, wherein the liquid is stirred once after contacting with air every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, and the other time is sealed fermentation;
s4, mixing brown sugar and C4H8Cl3O4Dissolving the P crystal into the fermentation liquor in S3, fully stirring and dissolving to obtain trapping and killing liquid, wherein the dosage of brown sugar in each liter of fermentation liquor is 50-100g, and C4H8Cl3O4The dosage of the P crystal is 1.5-2.5 g;
s5, filling the prepared trapping and killing liquid into a container with an opening, suspending the container in a blueberry field, wherein the height of the container from the ground is 0.8-1.2 m, and 10-20 containers are uniformly placed in each mu of field.
The invention is further provided with: the blueberries in the S1 are cracked fruits, rotten fruits or old fruits preserved in a frozen mode in the last year or a plurality of years.
The invention is further provided with: in the fermentation process of S3, the relative humidity of air is 85-90%, and the temperature is 20-26 ℃.
The invention is further provided with: and after the fermentation of the S3 is finished, sealing and carrying out after-fermentation for 10-15 days, wherein the relative humidity and temperature of air for after-fermentation are consistent with those of the fermentation.
The invention is further provided with: in the S5, fruit flies in the container are cleaned regularly, and new trapping and killing liquid is supplemented.
The invention also provides trapping and killing equipment for realizing the method for trapping and killing the blueberry fruit flies, which comprises,
the top of the preparation tank is provided with a sealing cover, the bottom of the preparation tank is provided with a first outer discharge pipe, and a first control valve is arranged on the first outer discharge pipe;
the support frame is arranged at the top of the preparation tank, a power motor is arranged on the support frame, a stirring rod is vertically arranged at the bottom of the power motor, and stirring blades positioned in the preparation tank are arranged at the bottom of the stirring rod;
the grinding column is horizontally arranged on the outer wall of the stirring rod, and a grinding cylinder is rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the grinding column;
the rolling sieve plate is porous, and the rolling cylinder movably abuts against the upper surface of the rolling sieve plate;
the top of the suspension vessel is open, and U-shaped or V-shaped suspension arms are hinged to two sides of the top of the suspension vessel;
the cleaning frame is in a cover shape with an upward opening, a plurality of liquid outlet holes are formed in the cleaning frame, an inverted V-shaped or inverted U-shaped handle is fixedly arranged at the top of the cleaning frame, and the top of the handle is higher than the top of the suspension vessel;
the filling tube, the bottom of filling tube with the lateral wall of preparation jar communicates with each other, just the filling tube with the intercommunication department of preparation jar is located roll the below of sieve, the top threaded connection of filling tube is provided with first lid, first lid is located the outside of preparation jar.
The invention is further provided with: the section of thick bamboo of rolling is kept away from the tip of puddler is coniform, the level is provided with annular gap reducing ring on the inner wall of preparation jar, gap reducing groove has been seted up at the inner wall middle part of gap reducing ring, each department the longitudinal section of gap reducing groove is < shape, the tip of rolling the section of thick bamboo is located in the gap reducing groove, and with set distance between the inner wall of gap reducing groove, the top of gap reducing ring is the slope form, just the top of gap reducing ring with the interior wall connection of preparation jar.
The invention is further provided with: a plurality of grinding columns are arranged on the peripheral wall of the stirring rod, and a set interval is reserved between the end part of each grinding cylinder close to the stirring rod and the stirring rod;
a blocking ring in a shape of a truncated cone with a small upper part and a large lower part is vertically movably sleeved on the stirring rod, a cylindrical blocking ring is vertically arranged at the bottom of the blocking ring, the blocking ring and the blocking ring are both hollow, and a abdicating groove for clamping the rolling column is vertically formed in the bottom of the blocking ring;
the middle part of the rolling sieve plate is provided with a cleaning hole, when the top of the rolling column is abutted against the top of the abdicating groove, the bottom of the stop ring is positioned in the cleaning hole, and a set gap is formed between the outer wall of the stop ring and the inner wall of the cleaning hole;
the bottom of the rolling sieve plate is also obliquely provided with a cleaning pipe communicated with the cleaning hole, the top of the cleaning pipe is connected with the rolling sieve plate, the bottom of the cleaning pipe penetrates through the side wall of the preparation tank and is hermetically connected with the preparation tank, the bottom of the cleaning pipe is detachably provided with a second cover body, and the stirring rod penetrates through the cleaning pipe and is rotationally connected with the cleaning pipe;
the blocking ring and the blocking ring are provided with a plurality of first liquid leakage holes, and the lower side of the cleaning pipe in the preparation tank is provided with a plurality of second liquid leakage holes.
The invention is further provided with: the bottom of preparing the jar still communicates with each other in proper order and is provided with after-fermentation pipe and back fermentation cylinder, the top of after-fermentation pipe is provided with the second control valve, just the top of after-fermentation pipe with the bottom of preparing the jar communicates with each other, the bottom with the top of back fermentation cylinder communicates with each other, the bottom of back fermentation cylinder be provided with the communicating second of back fermentation cylinder is arranged outside the pipe, be provided with the third control valve on the second is arranged outside the pipe.
The invention is further provided with: the stirring rod comprises a sliding part with a square cross section, a sliding barrel is vertically arranged at the top of the blocking ring, and the inner wall of the sliding barrel is movably attached to the outer wall of the sliding part;
a movable hole is vertically formed in the middle of the sliding part, two ends of the movable hole penetrate through two sides of the sliding part, movable grooves with horizontal U-shaped openings are formed in the inner walls of the two sides of the movable hole, a clamping groove is further formed in the inner wall of the movable hole, and the clamping groove is communicated with the lower side of the top of the movable groove;
a movable rod is horizontally movably arranged through the sliding barrel, the longitudinal section of the movable rod is square, two sides of the movable rod are movably attached to the inner wall of the movable hole, a cylindrical positioning rod perpendicular to the movable rod is arranged in the middle of the movable rod, and the positioning rod is movably located in the movable groove or clamped in the clamping groove;
two ends of the movable rod are positioned outside the sliding barrel, a first limiting disc and a second limiting disc are respectively arranged at two ends of the movable rod, an elastic piece is arranged between the second limiting disc and the outer wall of the sliding barrel, two ends of the elastic piece are respectively fixedly connected with the second limiting disc and the outer wall of the sliding barrel, and the middle part of the elastic piece is wound on the outer wall of the movable rod;
the outer wall of the sliding barrel is further horizontally provided with a protective barrel, and the elastic piece is movably located in the protective barrel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: taking blueberries, crushing the blueberries to obtain blueberry juice, mixing the white granulated sugar and the blueberry juice, stirring and dissolving, wherein the mass ratio of the white granulated sugar to the blueberries is 0.03-0.1; in the process, the white sugar is added to provide sugar for fermentation and is also a raw material for making wine and acid; then fermenting the dissolved liquid for 20-30 days, wherein the liquid is stirred once after contacting with air every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, the stirring lasts for 5-10 minutes each time, and the other time is sealed fermentation; the blueberry juice is not added with fermentation strains in the fermentation process, but is naturally fermented, so that the cost can be reduced, and if the fermentation strains are added, more wine and acidic components are contained in the fermentation liquor, and the effect of trapping and killing the blueberry fruit flies is reduced. The blueberry is damaged by the drosophila melanogaster, and the blueberries are found and damaged according to the fragrance, sugar, wine, sour and other smells of the blueberry fruits emitted in the mature period or the over-mature period of the blueberries. Therefore, after the blueberry fermentation, wine and acid which attract fruit flies can be generated, and simultaneously fruit fragrance and sugar of the blueberry are remained, so that the fruit flies can be well attracted for trapping and killing. Meanwhile, the fermentation process is not completely sealed or isolated from oxygen, but semi-aerobic fermentation is carried out, so that the required odor can be generated through better fermentation.
After fermentation, brown sugar and C are added4H8Cl3O4Dissolving P crystal (i.e. trichlorfon, (O, O-dimethyl- (2,2, 2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate) in fermentation liquor of S3, stirring and dissolving to obtain trapping and killing solution, wherein the amount of brown sugar in each liter of fermentation liquor is 50-100g, and C4H8Cl3O4The dosage of the P crystal is 1.5-2.5 g; after completion of the dissolution, first C4H8Cl3O4The P crystal enables the trapping liquid to have the effect of killing fruit flies, and the brown sugar added has stronger sugar smell, so that the attracting effect and the effect on the fruit flies can be improved, and the effect of trapping and killing the fruit flies is better.
And finally, filling the prepared trapping and killing liquid into a container with an opening, suspending the container in a blueberry field, wherein the height of the container from the ground is 0.8-1.2 m, and 10-20 containers are uniformly placed in each mu of field. During the trapping and killing period, the dead bodies and impurities of the fruit flies and other insects trapped and killed in the hanging dish are regularly cleaned, and meanwhile, the trapping and killing agent is supplemented in time, so that the fruit flies can be continuously trapped and killed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a preparation tank and a post-fermentation tank in the blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a preparation tank and a post-fermentation tank in the blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of portion A1 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of portion C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a preparation tank part in the blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device of the invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of portion D of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a sliding part in the blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a sectional view of one embodiment of a sliding part and a sliding barrel part in the blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a stop ring and a stop ring part in the blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a blocking ring and a blocking ring part in the blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a suspension dish part in the blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing device.
In the figure, 1, a preparation tank; 2. a sealing cover; 3. a first outer discharge pipe; 4. a first control valve; 5. a support frame; 6. a power motor; 7. a stirring rod; 8. stirring blades; 9. rolling the column; 10. rolling the cylinder; 11. grinding the sieve plate; 12. suspending the dish; 13. a suspension arm; 14. cleaning the frame; 15. a liquid outlet hole; 16. a handle; 17. a feed tube; 18. a first cover body; 19. a gap reducing ring; 20. a gap reducing groove; 21. a check ring; 22. a blocking ring; 23. a yielding groove; 24. cleaning the holes; 25. cleaning the pipe; 26. a second cover body; 27. a first weep hole; 28. a second weep hole; 29. a post-fermentation tube; 30. a post-fermentation tank; 31. a second control valve; 32. a second outer row of tubes; 33. a third control valve; 34. a sliding part; 35. a sliding barrel; 36. a movable hole; 37. a movable groove; 38. a clamping groove; 39. a movable rod; 40. positioning a rod; 41. a first limiting disc; 42. a second limiting disc; 43. an elastic member; 44. a protective cylinder.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
A method for trapping and killing blueberry fruit flies comprises the following steps,
s1, taking blueberries, and crushing the blueberries to obtain blueberry juice;
s2, mixing the white granulated sugar and the blueberry juice, stirring and dissolving, wherein the mass ratio of the white granulated sugar to the blueberry is 0.03-0.1;
s3, fermenting the dissolved liquid for 20-30 days, wherein the liquid is stirred once after contacting with air every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, each stirring is carried out for 5-10 minutes, and the other times are sealed fermentation;
s4, mixing brown sugar and C4H8Cl3O4Dissolving the P crystal into the fermentation liquor in S3, fully stirring and dissolving to obtain trapping and killing liquid, wherein the dosage of brown sugar in each liter of fermentation liquor is 50-100g, and C4H8Cl3O4The dosage of the P crystal is 1.5-2.5 g;
s5, filling the prepared trapping and killing liquid into a container with an opening, suspending the container in a blueberry field, wherein the height of the container from the ground is 0.8-1.2 m, and 10-20 containers are uniformly placed in each mu of field.
The blueberries in the S1 are cracked fruits, rotten fruits or old fruits preserved in a frozen mode in the last year or a plurality of years.
In the fermentation process of S3, the relative humidity of air is 85-90%, and the temperature is 20-26 ℃.
And after the fermentation of the S3 is finished, sealing and carrying out after-fermentation for 10-15 days, wherein the relative humidity and temperature of air for after-fermentation are consistent with those of the fermentation.
In the S5, fruit flies in the container are cleaned regularly, and new trapping and killing liquid is supplemented.
Taking blueberries, crushing the blueberries to obtain blueberry juice, mixing the white granulated sugar and the blueberry juice, stirring and dissolving, wherein the mass ratio of the white granulated sugar to the blueberries is 0.03-0.1; in the process, the white sugar is added to provide sugar for fermentation and is also a raw material for making wine and acid; then fermenting the dissolved liquid for 20-30 days, wherein the liquid is stirred once after contacting with air every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, the stirring lasts for 5-10 minutes each time, and the other time is sealed fermentation; the blueberry juice is not added with fermentation strains in the fermentation process, but is naturally fermented, so that the cost can be reduced, and if the fermentation strains are added, more wine and acidic components are contained in the fermentation liquor, and the effect of trapping and killing the blueberry fruit flies is reduced. The blueberry is damaged by the drosophila melanogaster, and the blueberries are found and damaged according to the fragrance, sugar, wine, sour and other smells of the blueberry fruits emitted in the mature period or the over-mature period of the blueberries. Therefore, after the blueberry fermentation, wine and acid which attract fruit flies can be generated, and simultaneously fruit fragrance and sugar of the blueberry are remained, so that the fruit flies can be well attracted for trapping and killing. Meanwhile, the fermentation process is not completely sealed or isolated from oxygen, but semi-aerobic fermentation is carried out, so that the required odor can be generated through better fermentation.
After fermentation, brown sugar and C are added4H8Cl3O4Dissolving P crystal (i.e. trichlorfon, (O, O-dimethyl- (2,2, 2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate) in fermentation liquor of S3, stirring and dissolving to obtain trapping and killing solution, wherein the amount of brown sugar in each liter of fermentation liquor is 50-100g, and C4H8Cl3O4The dosage of the P crystal is 1.5-2.5 g; after completion of the dissolution, first C4H8Cl3O4The P crystal enables the trapping liquid to have the effect of killing fruit flies, and the brown sugar added has stronger sugar smell, so that the attracting effect and the effect on the fruit flies can be improved, and the effect of trapping and killing the fruit flies is better.
And finally, filling the prepared trapping and killing liquid into a container with an opening, suspending the container in a blueberry field, wherein the height of the container from the ground is 0.8-1.2 m, and 10-20 containers are uniformly placed in each mu of field. During the trapping and killing period, the dead bodies and impurities of the fruit flies and other insects trapped and killed in the hanging dish are regularly cleaned, and meanwhile, the trapping and killing agent is supplemented in time, so that the fruit flies can be continuously trapped and killed.
When the trapping and killing liquid is actually used, cracked fruits, rotten fruits or old fruits which are frozen and stored in the last year or a plurality of years (such as blueberries which are too many to be picked or frozen because of not being sold in time) are adopted, so that the trapping and killing liquid can be normally prepared, and the use cost can be reduced. In the fermentation process, the normal and efficient fermentation can be promoted by adopting the selected air humidity, temperature and time; moreover, if once prepare more, and when unable use was accomplished, can also seal the after-fermentation, so not only can be convenient for the fermentation continue to go on to produce corresponding fruity flavor, wine, sour etc. can also discharge some in good time when needs use simultaneously, use after compounding with brown sugar etc. the random use of getting.
Several trapping and killing solutions are prepared at present, and the preparation conditions are as follows:
the blueberry fruit and vegetable fermentation method comprises the following steps of (1) opening a sealing cover every 6 days, and then contacting with air and stirring for 8 minutes, wherein the other conditions are the same except that the using amount of various materials, fermentation conditions and the like are different, the blueberry fruit and the blueberry fruit are cracked and broken fruits of Missidi, the fermentation conditions and the post-fermentation conditions are both 23 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is kept at 88%, and the blueberry fruit and vegetable fermentation method comprises the steps of opening the sealing cover every 6 days and then contacting with the air and stirring for 8 minutes; then, in actual use, the distance between each hanging dish and the ground is 1 meter, 5 hanging dishes are uniformly placed in each 1/3 mu of land (the species of the trapping and killing liquid in the 5 hanging dishes in each experimental land are the same as the energy consumption), and the place where the plants are placed is a 'Missidi' blueberry garden.
In addition to the above experiments 1 to 3, a drosophila bait solution (commercially available, with aromatic compounds as the active ingredient) and clear water were also used as controls and suspended in the same blueberry garden at the same height, density, etc.;
the specific experimental time is from 5 months 31 days to 6 months 3 days (mature period of fruit of Missidi) in 2021, and each attractant is added in time after being reduced. The number of flies trapped and killed in each hanging dish was collected daily, and the average of 5 samples was taken every day for the same experimental example and the control example (for example, 5/31, the total number of flies in five hanging dishes in experiment 1 was calculated, and then divided by 5 and rounded), and the obtained records were as follows:
the invention also discloses a trapping and killing device for realizing the method for trapping and killing the blueberry fruit flies, which comprises the following steps of as shown in figures 1 to 13,
the device comprises a preparation tank 1, wherein a sealing cover 2 is arranged at the top of the preparation tank 1, a first outer discharge pipe 3 is arranged at the bottom of the preparation tank 1, and a first control valve 4 is arranged on the first outer discharge pipe 3;
the support frame 5 is arranged at the top of the preparation tank 1, a power motor 6 is arranged on the support frame 5, a stirring rod 7 is vertically arranged at the bottom of the power motor 6, and stirring blades 8 positioned in the preparation tank 1 are arranged at the bottom of the stirring rod 7;
the grinding column 9 is horizontally arranged on the outer wall of the stirring rod 7, and a grinding cylinder 10 is rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the grinding column 9;
the grinding sieve plate 11 is porous, and the grinding cylinder 10 movably abuts against the upper surface of the grinding sieve plate 11;
the top of the suspension dish 12 is open, and U-shaped or V-shaped suspension arms 13 are hinged to two sides of the top of the suspension dish 12;
the cleaning frame 14 is in a cover shape with an upward opening, a plurality of liquid outlet holes 15 are formed in the cleaning frame 14, an inverted V-shaped or inverted U-shaped lifting handle 16 is fixedly arranged at the top of the cleaning frame 14, and the top of the lifting handle 16 is higher than the top of the hanging vessel 12;
the filling tube 17, the bottom of filling tube 17 with the lateral wall of preparation jar 1 communicates with each other, just the filling tube 17 with the intercommunication department of preparation jar 1 is located roll the below of sieve 11, the top threaded connection of filling tube 17 is provided with first lid 18, first lid 18 is located the outside of preparation jar 1.
The section of thick bamboo 10 keeps away from the tip of puddler 7 is coniform, the level is provided with annular gap reducing ring 19 on the inner wall of preparation jar 1, gap reducing groove 20 has been seted up at gap reducing ring 19's inner wall middle part, each department the longitudinal section of gap reducing groove 20 is < shape, the tip of section of thick bamboo 10 is located in gap reducing groove 20, and with set distance between the inner wall of gap reducing groove 20, gap reducing ring 19's top is the slope form, just gap reducing ring 19's top with the interior wall connection of preparation jar 1.
A plurality of grinding columns 9 are arranged on the peripheral wall of the stirring rod 7, and a set interval is reserved between the end part of each grinding cylinder 10 close to the stirring rod 7 and the stirring rod 7;
a blocking ring 21 which is in a shape of a truncated cone with a small upper part and a large lower part is vertically movably sleeved on the stirring rod 7, a cylindrical blocking ring 22 is vertically arranged at the bottom of the blocking ring 21, the blocking ring 21 and the blocking ring 22 are both hollow, and a abdicating groove 23 for clamping the rolling column 9 is vertically arranged at the bottom of the blocking ring 22;
a cleaning hole 24 is formed in the middle of the rolling sieve plate 11, when the top of the rolling column 9 abuts against the top of the abdicating groove 23, the bottom of the blocking ring 22 is located in the cleaning hole 24, and a set gap is formed between the outer wall of the blocking ring 22 and the inner wall of the cleaning hole 24;
the bottom of the rolling sieve plate 11 is also obliquely provided with a cleaning pipe 25 communicated with the cleaning hole 24, the top of the cleaning pipe 25 is connected with the rolling sieve plate 11, the bottom of the cleaning pipe passes through the side wall of the preparation tank 1 and is hermetically connected with the preparation tank 1, the bottom of the cleaning pipe 25 is separately provided with a second cover body 26, and the stirring rod 7 passes through the cleaning pipe 25 and is rotationally connected with the cleaning pipe 25;
the blocking ring 21 and the blocking ring 22 are provided with a plurality of first leakage holes 27, and the lower side of the cleaning pipe 25 in the preparation tank 1 is provided with a plurality of second leakage holes 28.
The bottom of the preparation tank 1 is also sequentially provided with a rear fermentation pipe 29 and a rear fermentation tank 30, the top of the rear fermentation pipe 29 is provided with a second control valve 31, the top of the rear fermentation pipe 29 is communicated with the bottom of the preparation tank 1, the bottom of the rear fermentation pipe 30 is communicated with the top of the rear fermentation tank 30, the bottom of the rear fermentation tank 30 is provided with a second outer discharge pipe 32 communicated with the rear fermentation tank 30, and the second outer discharge pipe 32 is provided with a third control valve 33.
The stirring rod 7 comprises a sliding part 34 with a square cross section, a sliding barrel 35 is vertically arranged at the top of the blocking ring 21, and the inner wall of the sliding barrel 35 is movably attached to the outer wall of the sliding part 34;
a movable hole 36 is vertically formed in the middle of the sliding part 34, two ends of the movable hole 36 penetrate through two sides of the sliding part 34, movable grooves 37 with horizontal U-shaped openings are formed in inner walls of two sides of the movable hole 36, a clamping groove 38 is further formed in the inner wall of the movable hole 36, and the clamping groove 38 is communicated with the lower side of the top of the movable groove 37;
a movable rod 39 horizontally movably penetrates through the sliding barrel 35, the longitudinal section of the movable rod 39 is square, two sides of the movable rod 39 are movably attached to the inner wall of the movable hole 36, a cylindrical positioning rod 40 perpendicular to the movable rod 39 is arranged in the middle of the movable rod 39, and the positioning rod 40 is movably located in the movable groove 37 or clamped in the clamping groove 38;
two ends of the movable rod 39 are both located outside the sliding barrel 35, a first limiting disc 41 and a second limiting disc 42 are respectively arranged at two ends of the movable rod, an elastic piece 43 is arranged between the second limiting disc 42 and the outer wall of the sliding barrel 35, two ends of the elastic piece 43 are respectively fixedly connected with the second limiting disc 42 and the outer wall of the sliding barrel 35, and the middle part of the elastic piece is wound on the outer wall of the movable rod 39;
a protective cylinder 44 is further horizontally arranged on the outer wall of the sliding cylinder 35, and the elastic piece 43 is movably positioned in the protective cylinder 44.
The blueberry fruit fly trapping and killing equipment is used for preparing a trapping and killing liquid. During preparation, firstly, the sealing cover 2 is opened, then the blueberries are put into the preparation tank 1, and the blueberries fall onto the grinding sieve plate 11; simultaneously motor 6 rotates, and puddler 7 drives and rolls post 9 and roll a section of thick bamboo 10 and move about, rolls a section of thick bamboo 10 activity and contradict on rolling sieve 11, so can extrude the blueberry to make the blueberry juice through rolling sunning change flow down in rolling the preparation jar 1 of sieve 11 below.
The workman takes off first lid 18 the back, adds the white sugar from filling tube 17 to preparing jar 1 in, and puddler 7 has also driven stirring leaf 8 simultaneously and has rotated when the pivoted, and stirring leaf 8 stirs blueberry juice and white sugar, when promoting the white sugar to dissolve, has also promoted the homogeneous mixing of blueberry juice.
After the blueberry juice and the white sugar are mixed, the sealing cover 2 is placed (generally, but not required to be completely sealed), and the first cover body 18 is covered for fermentation; when stirring is carried out in the fermentation process, the sealing cover 2 can be taken down again for stirring, or the first cover body 18 is opened for stirring; after the fermentation is finished, brown sugar and C4H8Cl3O4P crystals are added into the preparation tank 1 through the feeding pipe 17, the mixture is completely mixed and dissolved by stirring, then the first control valve 4 is opened, the inside trapping and killing liquid flows out through the first outer discharge pipe 3, and is carried by the hanging dish 12 through a plurality of, and then is hung in the blueberry garden.
During the use process of the hanging dish 12, the hanging dish is hung through the hanging arm 13, then when cleaning the internal fruit fly corpse and other sundries, the hanging dish 12 is firstly taken down, then the hanging arm 13 is rotated to the side part of the hanging dish 12, then the cleaning frame 14 is upwards taken out of the hanging dish 12 through the handle 16, the liquid outlet 15 can allow the trapping and killing liquid to pass through, but the fruit fly corpse can not pass through (the size in the figure is only shown schematically), and thus the fruit fly corpse can be conveniently cleaned. After the cleaning, the cleaning frame 14 is put back into the hanging dish 12, the cleaning frame 14 does not influence the normal trapping and killing of the fruit flies, and meanwhile, the handle 16 is higher than the top of the hanging dish 12, so that the handle 16 can be kept clean well in the actual use, and the using effect is better.
When the blueberries are crushed, the peripheral wall of the stirring rod 7 is provided with a plurality of rolling columns 9, the number of the rolling columns is preferably four, and other numbers can be selected according to actual conditions. Due to the large diameter of the milling drum 10, a certain distance is provided between the milling drum 10 and the stirring rod 7 (wherein the words "set distance", "set interval", etc. in this embodiment mean that the two structures are in an untouched state, and the actual size can be designed according to the actual situation, for example, the distance between the stop ring 22 and the inner wall of the cleaning hole 24 is preferably about 5mm, so that the uncrushed blueberries can be well prevented from falling into the cleaning pipe 25).
Meanwhile, in the rolling process, the gap between the conical end of the rolling cylinder 10 and the inner wall of the preparation tank 1 is very small due to the gap reducing ring 19 and the gap reducing groove 20 which are positioned on the inner wall of the preparation tank 1, so that part of the blueberries can be prevented from being rolled well, and the rolling quality and effect are improved; meanwhile, the top of the gap reducing ring 19 is inclined, so that blueberries can be prevented from staying at the top of the gap reducing ring 19, and the overall degree of crushing of the blueberries is higher.
When the blueberries enter the preparation tank 1, part of the blueberries act on the stop ring 21 and the stop ring 22 and are acted by the stop ring 21 and the stop ring 22, but the blueberries can fall onto the grinding sieve plate 11 because the stop ring 21 is in a truncated cone shape with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the stop ring 22 is in a cylindrical shape; meanwhile, the clearance between the stop ring 22 and the cleaning hole 24 is small, so that blueberries can be prevented from falling into the cleaning pipe 25 under natural conditions. In the rolling process, when more blueberry peels or other objects are left on the rolling sieve plate 11, the stop ring 21 and the stop ring 22 are lifted at the moment, the cleaning hole 24 is exposed, then the blueberry peels and the like can be scraped into the cleaning hole 24 from the rolling sieve plate 11 through tools such as hanging plates and the like, and then naturally fall out to the outside through the cleaning pipe 25. After cleaning, the blocking ring 21 and the blocking ring 22 are lowered and the milling studs 9 can be snapped into the recess 23 again.
The first leakage holes 27 formed in the blocking ring 21 and the blocking ring 22 enable blueberry juice to flow down better, and meanwhile, when blueberry peels and the like fall down along the cleaning pipe 25, the second leakage holes 28 on the lower side of the cleaning pipe 25 can enable part of blueberry juice to flow into the preparation tank 1; simultaneously in the preparation in-process, still need set up a household utensils in the bottom of clearance pipe 25, catch blueberry skin and the blueberry juice that drips out, then through pressing the structure that the garlic ware is the same (only the model is bigger, and the filter screen aperture is littleer), squeeze blueberry skin and blueberry juice to also all fall back to the top of preparing jar 1 with remaining juice, so improved the utilization ratio of blueberry juice. After the blueberry juice is obtained, the bottom of the cleaning pipe 25 needs to be sealed by the second cover body 26 for fermentation.
If too much trapping and killing liquid is prepared at one time, the second control valve 31 is opened at the moment, so that the fermentation liquid which is not mixed with the brown sugar and the trichlorfon crystals flows into the rear fermentation tank 30 through the rear fermentation pipe 29 for post-fermentation for a certain time, the post-fermentation can be carried out in the rear fermentation tank 30, the fermentation liquid can be discharged at any time according to actual needs, and then the prepared fermentation liquid is directly used. When the post-fermentation liquid is discharged, the post-fermentation liquid can flow out through the second external discharge pipe 32 for use only by opening the third control valve 33, and the method is simple and convenient.
Stop collar 21 and barrier ring 22 are at the in-process that uses, and the section of thick bamboo 35 that slides at its top is vertical activity cup joints on slip portion 34, so slip portion 34 can drive stop collar 21 and barrier ring 22 and rotate, and wherein the groove 23 of stepping down is the card on rolling post 9, and consequently rolling post 9 can play the support to the clearance ring while, also can drive barrier ring 22 and rotate.
When cleaning is needed, firstly, a forefinger, a middle finger and the like of one hand of a worker are buckled on one side, close to the second limiting disc 42, of the sliding barrel 35, then a thumb is pressed on the first limiting disc 41, then the worker applies a gripping force or a pinching force to enable the first limiting disc 41 to move towards the direction close to the sliding barrel 35, in the process, the elastic piece 43 (preferably a spring) further extends until the first limiting disc 41 cannot be moved continuously, at the moment, the positioning rod 40 moves from the end part of the horizontal movable groove 37 to the side part of the vertical movable groove 37, at the moment, the positioning rod 40 is not limited by the bottom of the movable groove 37, and therefore the resistance check ring 21, the stop ring 22, the sliding barrel 35, the movable rod 39, the positioning rod 40 and the like can be directly and integrally lifted upwards; when the locating lever 40 moves to the highest position, loosen first spacing dish 41, make the locating lever 40 move about to the horizontal part at activity groove 37 top under the spring action of elastic component 43, then let out slip section of thick bamboo 35, slip section of thick bamboo 35 is down movable a little under the action of gravity, and the bottom of locating lever 40 has been blocked into in the block groove 38 simultaneously, and the position of retaining ring 21 and retaining ring 22 is just fixed this moment, clearance blueberry skin that can be stable etc..
When the sliding barrel 35 is lifted, the movable rod 39 can be normally lifted because both sides of the movable hole 36 penetrate through the sliding part 34; and because the longitudinal section of the movable rod 39 is square, in practical use, the movable rod 39 does not rotate relative to the sliding barrel 35, so that the positioning rod 40 can horizontally move in the movable groove 37, and two sides of the movable rod 39 are limited by the movable holes 36, so that the orientation stability of the movable rod 39 and the positioning rod 40 is higher.
When the blocking ring 21 and the blocking ring 22 are taken down, the sliding barrel 35 only needs to be slightly lifted, and then the first limiting disc 41 is pinched to move the sliding barrel 35 downwards to the bottom, so that the method is simple and convenient. The elastic member 43 is in an extended state in the whole process, so that after the positioning rod 40 moves to the bottom of the movable slot 37, the positioning rod 40 can be stably positioned in the bottom of the movable slot 37, and the position stability of the blocking ring 21 and the blocking ring 22 can be always maintained. Wherein the protective cylinder 44 on the side of the sliding cylinder 35 can prevent the fingers of a person from being clamped by the elastic clamp, thereby improving the use safety and comfort.
The top of the configuration hanger is provided with a cross-shaped supporting part, the stirring rod 7 vertically penetrates through the supporting part, and a bearing is arranged between the stirring rod and the supporting part, so that the supporting part can also play a role in supporting and limiting the stirring rod 7, the position and shape stability of the stirring rod 7 is improved, and the service life of the stirring rod is prolonged; simultaneously the top opening that crisscross bracing piece will prepare jar 1 has divided into four fan-shaped openings, so when sealed preparation jar 1, needs four fan-shaped lid, has a fan-shaped boss in the bottom of every lid, and this boss can the block between bracing piece and the inner wall of preparing jar 1 to improve the leakproofness.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the appended claims.
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