阅读说明：本技术 一种船模任意浮态下静水力性能检测装置及方法 (Device and method for detecting hydrostatic performance of ship model in any floating state ) 是由 解德 张正艺 汪伟斌 付田 舒晨晨 于 2021-08-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种船模任意浮态下静水力性能检测装置及方法,其中装置包括升降单元、旋转单元和测力仪,所述升降单元和旋转单元之间通过测力仪连接,所述装置在工作状态下,旋转单元下方与船模连接,船模下方设置水池；所述升降单元,用于通过纵向移动带动船模升降,进而控制船模在水池中的吃水；所述旋转单元包括两个垂直相交的旋转轴,用于通过一个旋转轴纵向旋转、另一个旋转轴横向旋转,控制船模倾斜；所述测力仪,用于测量船模在不同吃水状态下的浮力以及不同倾斜状态下的弯矩。本发明升降单元与旋转单元结合能够精确模拟出船模的任意浮态,采用测力仪直接测量出不同浮态下船模浮力以及弯矩,进而全面地表征船模的静水力性能。(The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting hydrostatic performance of a ship model in any floating state, wherein the device comprises a lifting unit, a rotating unit and a dynamometer, the lifting unit is connected with the rotating unit through the dynamometer, the lower part of the rotating unit is connected with the ship model in a working state, and a water pool is arranged below the ship model; the lifting unit is used for driving the ship model to lift through longitudinal movement so as to control the draught of the ship model in the pool; the rotating unit comprises two vertically crossed rotating shafts, and is used for controlling the ship model to incline through the longitudinal rotation of one rotating shaft and the transverse rotation of the other rotating shaft; the dynamometer is used for measuring the buoyancy of the ship model in different draft states and the bending moment in different inclination states. The lifting unit and the rotating unit are combined, so that any floating state of the ship model can be accurately simulated, the buoyancy and bending moment of the ship model in different floating states can be directly measured by adopting the dynamometer, and the hydrostatic performance of the ship model can be comprehensively represented.)

1. The utility model provides a hydrostatic performance detection device under arbitrary superficial attitude of ship model which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a lifting unit, a rotating unit and a dynamometer (10), wherein the lifting unit is connected with the rotating unit through the dynamometer (10), the lower part of the rotating unit is connected with a ship model (15) in a working state, and a water pool (16) is arranged below the ship model (15);

the lifting unit is used for driving the ship model (15) to lift through longitudinal movement so as to control the draught of the ship model (15) in the water pool (16);

the rotating unit comprises two rotating shafts which are vertically intersected and used for controlling the ship model (15) to incline through the longitudinal rotation of one rotating shaft and the transverse rotation of the other rotating shaft;

the force measuring instrument (10) is used for measuring the buoyancy of the ship model (15) in different draught states and the bending moment in different inclination states.

2. The device for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state of the ship model according to claim 1, wherein the rotating unit comprises a connecting rod (14) and a second rotating shaft (12) and a third rotating shaft (13) which are vertically intersected,

the second rotating shaft (12) is movably connected with the connecting rod (14), the bottom of the connecting rod (14) is fixedly connected with the ship model (15), and the second rotating shaft (12) is used for driving the connecting rod (14) to rotate through longitudinal rotation so as to drive the ship model (15) to incline;

the third rotating shaft (13) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (14) and used for driving the connecting rod (14) and the second rotating shaft (12) to slide through transverse rotation so as to change the orientation of the ship model (15).

3. The device for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state of the ship model according to claim 2, wherein the load cell (10) is consistent with the rotation angle of the third rotation shaft (13) during measurement.

4. The device for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state of any claim 1 to 3, further comprising a gantry support (8) positioned between the lifting unit and the load cell (10), wherein the lifting unit is connected with the gantry support (8) through a sliding guide rail (7), and the device moves to a position right above the water pool through the sliding guide rail during operation.

5. The device for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state of the ship model according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the lifting unit comprises: a first fixed platform (1), a motor (2), a first lifting platform (3), a support rod (4), a first rotating shaft (5), a second fixed platform (6) and a second lifting platform (9),

first fixed platform (1) and second fixed platform (6) are connected through bracing piece (4), and first lift platform (3) are connected through bracing piece (4) with second lift platform (9), and first rotation axis (5) are fixed in between first fixed platform (1) and second fixed platform (6) to pass first lift platform (3), motor (2) are used for driving first rotation axis (5) rotatory.

6. The device for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state of the ship model according to claim 5, wherein the rotating unit further comprises an angle platform (11), the angle platform (11) is connected with the second lifting platform (9) through a dynamometer (10), and the angle platform (11) is simultaneously connected with the second rotating shaft (12) and the third rotating shaft (13) and used for supporting and fixing the second rotating shaft (12) and the third rotating shaft (13).

7. A method for detecting the hydrostatic performance of a ship model in any floating state is characterized by comprising the following steps:

connecting the lower part of the device for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state of any one of claims 1-6 with the ship model, and then moving the ship model to be right above a water pool;

the lifting unit drives the ship model to lift through longitudinal movement, so that the draught of the ship model in the pool is controlled;

the rotating unit controls the ship model to incline by longitudinally rotating one rotating shaft and transversely rotating the other rotating shaft;

the dynamometer measures the buoyancy of the ship model in different draught states and the bending moment in different inclination states.

8. The method for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state of claim 7, wherein if the longitudinal inclination angle of the ship model is alpha and the transverse inclination angle of the ship model is beta, the longitudinal rotation angle delta of a rotating shaft is as follows: delta-arcsin [ (tan theta cos beta sin alpha + sin beta) cos theta]And the angle theta of the transverse rotation of the other rotating shaft is as follows:

9. the method for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state of the ship model according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the distance from the rotation center of the angular position table in the rotating unit to the second lifting platform in the lifting unit is a, the distance from the rotation center of the angular position table in the rotating unit to the upper surface of the ship model is b, and a and b are adjusted along with the change of the ship model to meet the following relations:

wherein, theta₀Is the inclination angle of the ship model, L is the length of the ship model, and B is the width of the ship model.

10. The method for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state of claim 7 or 8, wherein the force measuring instrument is consistent with the rotation angle of the third rotation shaft during measurement.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ship hydrostatic performance measurement tests, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting hydrostatic performance of a ship model in any floating state.

Background

Buoyancy and stability are one of the most important concepts in professional experimental teaching of ships and ocean engineering, and a method for solving the buoyancy in any buoyancy state is theoretically introduced in teaching materials related to the ship statics principle, but no device capable of intuitively measuring the buoyancy experiment exists.

In the prior art, the equipment for measuring the hydrostatic force mainly comprises a moment measuring device arranged on the side of a hull model to measure the transverse inclination or longitudinal inclination bending moment, and a heavy object is hung to control the inclination angle and the draft, so that the measurement mode has larger error and can not accurately simulate any floating state of a ship model. A simple, convenient and visual angle rotating device is lacked in the domestic ship test, so that the development of the teaching experiment of the ship is limited.

Therefore, the technical problems that the error is large and any floating state of the ship model cannot be accurately simulated exist in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for detecting the hydrostatic performance of a ship model in any floating state, so that the technical problems that the error is large and the ship model in any floating state cannot be accurately simulated in the prior art are solved.

In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for detecting hydrostatic performance of a ship model in any floating state, including: the device comprises a lifting unit, a rotating unit and a dynamometer, wherein the lifting unit is connected with the rotating unit through the dynamometer, the lower part of the rotating unit is connected with a ship model under the working state of the device, and a water pool is arranged under the ship model;

the lifting unit is used for driving the ship model to lift through longitudinal movement so as to control the draught of the ship model in the pool;

the rotating unit comprises two vertically crossed rotating shafts, and is used for controlling the ship model to incline through the longitudinal rotation of one rotating shaft and the transverse rotation of the other rotating shaft;

the dynamometer is used for measuring the buoyancy of the ship model in different draft states and the bending moment in different inclination states.

Further, the rotating unit includes a connecting rod and a second rotating shaft and a third rotating shaft which are perpendicularly intersected,

the second rotating shaft is movably connected with the connecting rod, the bottom of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the ship model, and the second rotating shaft is used for driving the connecting rod to rotate through longitudinal rotation so as to drive the ship model to incline;

and the third rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the connecting rod and is used for driving the connecting rod and the second rotating shaft to slide through transverse rotation so as to change the orientation of the ship model.

Further, the load cell is in accordance with the rotation angle of the third rotation shaft when measuring.

Furthermore, the device also comprises a gantry support positioned between the lifting unit and the dynamometer, the lifting unit is connected with the gantry support through a sliding guide rail, and the device moves to the position right above the water pool through the sliding guide rail during working.

Further, the lifting unit includes: a first fixed platform, a motor, a first lifting platform, a support rod, a first rotating shaft, a second fixed platform and a second lifting platform,

the first fixing platform and the second fixing platform are connected through a supporting rod, the first lifting platform and the second lifting platform are connected through a supporting rod, the first rotating shaft is fixed between the first fixing platform and the second fixing platform and penetrates through the first lifting platform, and the motor is used for driving the first rotating shaft to rotate.

Furthermore, the rotating unit further comprises an angle table, the angle table is connected with the second lifting platform through a dynamometer, and the angle table is simultaneously connected with the second rotating shaft and the third rotating shaft and used for supporting and fixing the second rotating shaft and the third rotating shaft.

According to another aspect of the invention, a method for detecting the hydrostatic performance of a ship model in any floating state is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:

connecting the lower part of the hydrostatic performance detection device under any floating state of the ship model with the ship model, and then moving the ship model to the position right above the water pool;

the lifting unit drives the ship model to lift through longitudinal movement, so that the draught of the ship model in the pool is controlled;

the rotating unit controls the ship model to incline by longitudinally rotating one rotating shaft and transversely rotating the other rotating shaft;

the dynamometer measures the buoyancy of the ship model in different draught states and the bending moment in different inclination states.

Further, if the ship model has a longitudinal inclination angle α and a transverse inclination angle β, the angle δ of longitudinal rotation of one rotating shaft is: δ ═ arc sin [ (tan θ cos β sin α + sin β) cos θ]And the angle theta of the transverse rotation of the other rotating shaft is as follows:

further, the distance from the rotation center of the angular position table in the rotation unit to the second lifting platform in the lifting unit is a, the distance from the rotation center of the angular position table in the rotation unit to the upper surface of the ship model is b, and a and b are adjusted along with the change of the ship model until the following relations are met:

wherein, theta₀Is the inclination angle of the ship model, L is the length of the ship model, and B is the width of the ship model.

Further, the load cell coincides with the rotation angle of the third rotation shaft at the time of measurement.

In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

(1) the lifting unit is used for controlling different drafts of the ship model, the rotating unit is used for controlling different inclination states of the ship model, the lifting unit and the rotating unit are combined to accurately simulate any floating state of the ship model, the floating state of the ship is converted into two factors of inclination and draft to be controlled separately, and the transverse inclination state or longitudinal inclination state of the ship can be simulated more conveniently, accurately and effectively; compared with the arrangement of two rotating devices, the rotating combination method avoids the possibility of collision of the two rotating devices, and enlarges the application range of the device. The buoyancy and the bending moment of the ship model under different floating states are directly measured by adopting a dynamometer, so that the hydrostatic performance parameters of the ship can be quickly and accurately obtained, and the precision is high.

(2) In the rotating unit, a second rotating shaft and a connecting rod are movably connected to control the connecting rod to rotate, a third rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the connecting rod to control the adaptor and the second rotating shaft to slide, and further control the direction of the ship model. The control of the ship model inclination angle is realized through the combined control of the second rotating shaft and the third rotating shaft, and the specific inclination state of the ship model test can be achieved.

(3) According to the invention, the dynamometer and the third rotating shaft rotate by the same angle, so that the force measuring direction of the dynamometer is consistent with the direction of the ship model. The sliding guide rail is arranged, so that the ship model is positioned right above the water pool when being detected. The first rotating shaft is driven by the motor to rotate so as to drive the first lifting platform to move, so that the lifting of the whole device is realized.

(4) The invention controls the inclination angle of the ship model by controlling the rotation angles of the two rotating shafts in the rotating unit in the measuring process. The angle platform rotates through the second rotation axis and drives the connecting rod to rotate, and then makes the ship model take place to incline, for making the ship model not bump with the device, need adjust the distance of the center of rotation of angle platform to the second lift platform and to the distance of ship model upper surface.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing hydrostatic performance of a ship model in any floating state, provided by the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second rotating shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a ship model connecting plate provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an adapter plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the angle of rotation of the ship model about the z-axis provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:

the device comprises a base, a first fixing platform, a second fixing platform, a motor, a first lifting platform, a supporting rod, a first rotating shaft, a second fixing platform, a sliding guide rail, a gantry support, a second lifting platform, a force measuring instrument, an angle table, a second rotating shaft, a third rotating shaft, a connecting rod, a ship model, a water tank, a ball and a threaded hole, wherein the first fixing platform is 1, the motor is 2, the first lifting platform is 3, the supporting rod is 4, the first rotating shaft is 5, the second fixing platform is 6, the sliding guide rail is 7, the gantry support is 8, the second lifting platform is 9, the force measuring instrument is 10, the angle table is 11, the second rotating shaft is 12, the third rotating shaft is 13, the connecting rod is 14, the ship model is 15, the water tank is 16, the ball is 17, and the threaded hole is 18.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

As shown in fig. 1, the device for detecting the hydrostatic performance of the ship model in any floating state comprises a first fixing platform 1, a motor 2, a first lifting platform 3, a support rod 4, a first rotating shaft 5, a second fixing platform 6, a sliding guide rail 7, a gantry support 8, a second lifting platform 9, a force measuring instrument 10, an angle table 11, a second rotating shaft 12, a third rotating shaft 13, a connecting rod 14, a ship model 15, a water pool 16, balls 17 and threaded holes 18.

The whole device is fixed on a gantry support 8 through a second fixed platform 6 and a sliding guide rail 7, a first fixed platform 1 is connected with the second fixed platform 6 through four support rods 4, a first lifting platform 3 is connected with a second lifting platform 9 through four support rods 4, a first rotating shaft 5 is fixed between the first fixed platform 1 and the second fixed platform 6 and penetrates through the first lifting platform 3, and the first rotating shaft 5 is driven by a motor 2 to rotate so as to drive the first lifting platform 3 to move, so that the lifting of the whole device is realized; the angle platform 11 is connected with the second lifting platform 9 through a force measuring instrument 10. As shown in fig. 2, the second rotation shaft 12 of the angular stage is movably connected to the connecting rod 14 by a ball 17, and the third rotation shaft 13 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 14. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the bottom of the connecting rod 14 is fixedly connected with the ship model 15 through a threaded hole 18. The second rotating shaft 12 of the angle station can control the connecting rod 14 to rotate by a designated angle through longitudinal rotation, the third rotating shaft 13 of the angle station can control the connecting rod 14 and the second rotating shaft 12 to slide through transverse rotation, so that the direction of the ship model 15 is controlled, through the combined control of the second rotating shaft 12 of the angle station and the third rotating shaft 13, the motor 2 drives the second lifting platform 9 to control the ship model 15 to enter the water pool 16 to reach specific draft, any floating state of the ship model can be realized, the dynamometer 10 is installed below the second lifting platform 9, the angle station 11 is above and right above the rotating point of the angle station 11, and the buoyancy and the bending moment generated by inclination of the actual ship model 15 can be accurately measured.

Guarantee that enough big lift stroke can satisfy more ship model test's draft demand, the distance between first fixed platform 1 and the second fixed platform 6 is H₁Height of the motor 2 is H_m1And the thickness of the first lifting platform 3 is t₁The safety distance is H_s1And pushing out the stroke H of the whole ship model hydrostatic performance testing device_r1：

H_r1＝H₁-H_m1-t₁-H_s1

The angle platform 11 rotates through second rotation axis 12 and drives the connecting rod and rotate, and then makes ship model 15 take place to incline, for ship model 15 not bump with the device, the length that needs the adjusting link pole guarantees that the ship model can incline the wide-angle. The distance from the rotation center of the angular position table 11 to the second lifting platform 9 is a, the distance from the rotation center to the upper surface of the ship model 15 is B, the maximum ship length of the ship model 15 is L, the maximum ship width of the ship model 15 is B, and the maximum angle theta which can rotate with the ship model 15 is theta₀The following relationships exist:

the performance indexes of the direct test device for the hydrostatic performance of the ship model are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

Performance of	Measuring range
		Angle of rotation of the second rotation axis	±60°
Angle of rotation of the third axis	±180°
		Lifting height of lifting platform	600mm
Dynamometer buoyancy measurement	1160N
		Dynamometer bending moment measurement	20Nm

Based on the performance index of the direct testing device for the hydrostatic performance of the ship model, the stroke size of the testing device and the position of the rotation center of the displacement table can be reasonably set. The lifting stroke of the device and the rotation angle of the model can meet the test requirements.

The hydrostatic performance test of ship model mainly makes ship model slope test, obtains buoyancy and moment under each superficial attitude of ship model through ship model slope test, and then can obtain the hydrostatic curve of ship model through calculating, the following detailed description:

assuming that the trim angle of the actual ship model is α degrees and the roll angle is β degrees (i.e. in the global coordinate system, the ship model rotates around the y-axis by α degrees first and rotates around the x-axis by β degrees), the rotation matrix of the ship model rotation can be obtained according to the formula of rotation around a plurality of coordinate axes of the fixed coordinate system as follows:

firstly, rotating an angle alpha around the y axis to obtain:

and rotating the X axis by an angle beta to obtain:

referring to fig. 5, the angle θ between the horizontal axis of the raw water plane and the newly generated water plane after rotation, i.e. the rotation angle of the third rotation axis, is analyzed as follows:

the rotation angle δ of the second rotation axis can be derived from the rotation matrix and the third rotation axis rotation angle θ.

Referring to fig. 5, the coordinates of a particular point M can be derived from the angle θ as:

the coordinates of the M points after rotation are:

from the ordinate of M, it can be derived:

sinδ＝(tanθcosβsinα+sinβ)cosθ

the angle δ by which the second rotation axis is rotated is therefore given by:

δ＝arc sin[(tanθcosβsinα+sinβ)cosθ]

the device is moved to the operation table top through the sliding guide rail, the ship model is fixed on the connecting rod, and then the device is translated to the position right above the water pool through the sliding guide rail; and inputting a specific program to convert the input trim angle and the input roll angle into the rotating angles of the second rotating shaft and the third rotating shaft, so that the specific inclination state of the ship model test can be achieved. Then, a control program is input through the control console, the descending height of the ship model is input, the motor can control the first rotating shaft to rotate, the ship model is controlled to descend at different heights, different drafts are generated, and therefore a ship model buoyancy measurement experiment is conducted.

Referring to fig. 1, a central point of the force measuring instrument is assumed as a force measuring point a, a coordinate system of the force measuring instrument is as shown in fig. 1, a gravity center point of a rotating shaft of the angular stage is assumed as a gravity center point S, the coordinate system is a global coordinate system fixed in space, and an origin of coordinates is an initial position of the central point of the rotating shaft.

The dynamometer is six component dynamometers, can read out buoyancy and moment of flexure under the different buoyancy attitude of ship model, different draft d through the dynamometer, include: transverse force F₁Longitudinal force F₂Buoyancy F₃Transverse bending moment T₁Longitudinal bending moment T₂Yaw moment T₃；

The draft when the lowest point of the model just contacts the water surface is taken as zero draft, and the water surface can continuously rise in the descending process of the program control model, so that the draft d can pass through along with the model entering waterThe stroke is changed, the water inlet volume of the ship model is known to be V, the water surface area of the water pool is known to be S, and the descending distance of the control program input model is known to be d₁If the draft is:

f at the assumed center of gravity S of the actual ship model_x、F_y、F_z、M_x、M_y、M_zF measured at the measuring point A of the dynamometer₁、F₂、F₃、T₁、T₂、T₃The relationship between them is shown below, see fig. 1:

it is known that the center of gravity is assumed to be X on the abscissa_sAssuming the ordinate of the center of gravity as Y_sG gravity acceleration, p water density, F_x、F_y、F_z、M_x、M_y、M_zAnd the corresponding ship model draft d can be derived:

water displacement volume of the ship model:

the horizontal coordinate of the floating center:

floating center ordinate:

vertical coordinates of floating center:

transverse restoring force arm:

longitudinal restoring force arm:

in general, the whole device is simple in structure, the basic movement is the lifting of the ship model and the rotation of the ship model, and the actual floating state of the ship model can be simulated after superposition; all operation instructions of the mechanism are programmed, the automation program is high, the operation is convenient, the floating state of the ship can be truly simulated by applying the method, the hydrostatic performance parameters of the ship can be rapidly and accurately obtained, the precision is high, the range is wide, and the method has a good application prospect.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.