阅读说明：本技术 一种基于太阳电池阵最大功率点跟踪技术的大功率航天器电源系统 (High-power spacecraft power supply system based on solar cell array maximum power point tracking technology ) 是由 石海平 刘治钢 陈燕 汪静 穆浩 朱立颖 马亮 井元良 孟洋洋 于 2021-07-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于太阳电池阵最大功率点跟踪技术的大功率航天器电源系统。该发明电源系统实现MPPT与SR(分流调节)综合控制、实时太阳电池阵输出最大功率点跟踪、锂离子蓄电池组自主充电管理、一次母线可靠安全建立、故障自主隔离等。系统包括多个MPPT功率调节模块、锂离子蓄电池组、一个或多个SR功率调节模块、一个或多个太阳电池阵等组成。本发明电源系统具有太阳电池阵利用率高、锂离子蓄电池组自主充电管理、系统功率易扩展、母线品质高、加电灵活、可靠性高的特点,特别适用于环境温度变化大、系统比能量要求高的深空探测航天应用场合。(The invention discloses a high-power spacecraft power supply system based on a solar cell array maximum power point tracking technology. The power supply system realizes the comprehensive control of MPPT and SR (shunt regulation), the real-time tracking of the maximum power point output by the solar cell array, the autonomous charging management of the lithium ion storage battery, the reliable and safe establishment of a primary bus, the autonomous fault isolation and the like. The system comprises a plurality of MPPT power adjusting modules, a lithium ion storage battery pack, one or more SR power adjusting modules, one or more solar cell arrays and the like. The power supply system has the characteristics of high utilization rate of the solar cell array, automatic charging management of the lithium ion storage battery pack, easy expansion of system power, high bus quality, flexible power-up and high reliability, and is particularly suitable for deep space exploration aerospace application occasions with large environmental temperature change and high system specific energy requirement.)

1. A spacecraft power supply system based on a solar cell array maximum power point tracking technology is characterized in that: the system comprises a plurality of MPPT power adjusting modules, a lithium ion storage battery pack, one or more SR power adjusting modules and one or more solar cell arrays;

the output of all MPPT power regulating modules is isolated by diodes and then converged into a primary bus, the primary bus is connected with one end of a storage battery charging and discharging switch K1, one end of a load switch K2 and one end of a bus filter capacitor C, the other end of the storage battery charging and discharging switch K1 is connected with a lithium ion storage battery pack, the other end of the load switch K2 is connected with a load R, and the other end of the filter capacitor C is connected with the ground; the input end of each SR power regulation module is connected with a solar cell array, the output end of each SR power regulation module is connected with a primary bus, and the SR power regulation modules and the MPPT power regulation modules uniformly control the primary bus, so that the functions of reliable establishment of the bus, charging management of a lithium ion storage battery pack, system power conversion and regulation are realized.

2. A spacecraft power system based on MPPT technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: one or more of the MPPT power regulating modules are used as backup modules, the input end of each master MPPT power regulating module is connected with a solar cell array through a single-pole double-throw switch, and the output of the solar cell array corresponding to each master MPPT power regulating module can be switched to the input of the backup MPPT power regulating module through switching the single-pole double-throw switch; and when the master module fails, the output of the solar cell array corresponding to the failed master module is switched to the backup module, so that master failure isolation is realized.

3. A spacecraft power system based on MPPT technology as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the MPPT power regulation module comprises a power module and an MPPT control circuit module; MPPT control circuit module collects output voltage and current of solar cell array, generates logic generation control signal Vref through MPPT reference signal, and the control signal and output voltage signal V of solar cell array_SAComparing and amplifying to generate MPPT tracking control signal V_mpptThe signal is a solar cell array maximum power point tracking control signal; in addition, the voltage of the primary bus is acquired through voltage division of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, and the voltage signal and the reference voltage V of the primary bus voltage stabilizing value are obtained_ref1Comparing and amplifying to generate a voltage-stabilizing control signal V_BEA(ii) a Voltage stabilizing control signal V_BEAWith MPPT tracking control signal V_mpptThe power module is isolated by an isolation diode D4 and an isolation diode D5 and then connected to the power module once to form a power module control signal Vc; when the primary bus voltage value is less than the set voltage value, V_mpptThe method has the advantages that the maximum power point tracking control of the solar cell array is realized, and when the voltage value of the primary bus reaches the set voltage value, V is_BEAAct, V_BEAAnd the power control module realizes the voltage stabilization of the primary bus voltage.

4. A spacecraft power system based on MPPT technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the SR power regulation module comprises a primary bus sampling circuit consisting of a resistor R7 and a resistor R8, a comparison amplification circuit consisting of an amplifier U3, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11 and a capacitor C8, a driving signal conditioning circuit and a shunt switch Q2; the SR power regulation module collects primary bus voltage signals through a resistor R7 and a resistor R8, the voltage signals are sent to the driving signal conditioning module after being compared and amplified, the driving signal conditioning module generates a shunt switch Q2 driving signal, on-off control over a shunt switch Q2 is achieved, shunt control over a corresponding solar cell array is achieved through the SR power regulation module according to the bus voltage, control over the primary bus voltage is achieved, a diode D6 plays an isolation role, and a capacitor C7 plays a filtering role.

5. A spacecraft power system based on MPPT technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the MPPT power regulation modules and the SR power regulation module comprehensively control a primary bus to realize reliable and safe power-up of the MPPT power supply system; in the system power-up process, under the condition that the charging and discharging switch K1 and the load switch K2 of the storage battery pack are kept disconnected, the solar battery array corresponding to the SR power regulation module is powered up and output, so that stable primary bus voltage is established firstly under the control of the SR power regulation module, after the primary bus voltage is established, the K1 is switched on, the storage battery pack output is connected with the primary bus, and finally the solar battery array corresponding to the MPPT power regulation module is output, so that the establishment of the system working state is completed.

6. A spacecraft power system based on MPPT technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the MPPT type and SR type power regulation modules realize step-by-step control on the charging of the storage battery pack, and high specific energy and high reliability of the system are realized.

7. A spacecraft power system based on MPPT technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the MPPT power regulation modules and the SR power regulation modules are sequentially provided with different primary bus voltage stabilization control voltages from high to low, and the voltage stabilization control voltage of the MPPT power regulation modules is lower than the voltage stabilization control voltage of the SR power regulation modules, so that the charging termination voltage of the lithium ion storage battery pack is controlled step by step.

8. A spacecraft power supply system based on MPPT technology according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the charging target voltage of the multi-stage MPPT and SR power regulation modules connected in parallel is set to be reduced step by step, so that system control is facilitated, system stability is improved, electrical stress borne by equipment, devices and circuits in the system is reduced, and system reliability is enhanced.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a spacecraft power supply system, in particular to a high-power density and high-power spacecraft power supply system based on a solar cell array Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology, and belongs to the field of spacecraft power supply systems.

Background

With the development of space missions, deep space exploration becomes an important component of the space missions, the deep space exploration missions represented by Mars exploration and asteroid exploration have higher requirements on a spacecraft power supply system, the deep space exploration spacecraft power supply system has higher specific power requirements due to the limitation of volume and weight, higher power is provided under the limitation of smaller solar cell array area and smaller volume and mass, and the weight of the power supply system in the whole satellite is reduced to 15-20% from 30-40% of that of the traditional earth orbit satellite. In addition, the environment temperature and the illumination intensity in the deep space exploration task are greatly changed, and the traditional SR (series shunt regulation) control method adopted in the current spacecraft power supply system cannot realize reasonable design under the condition that the temperature and the illumination intensity are changed in a large range, and cannot meet the requirements of the deep space exploration task. The MPPT technology can realize the maximum power output of a solar cell array under the condition that the temperature and the illumination intensity change in a large range, the specific power of the system is improved to the maximum extent, the high-performance design of a power system under the condition that the temperature and the illumination intensity change in a large range is met, the construction of the power system based on the MPPT technology needs to meet the condition that an MPPT module can work normally, and meanwhile, the convenience and the safety of the power system in the test process need to be considered, and the reliability, the safety, the expandability and the adaptability of the system under different working environments and modes need to be considered. At present, no spacecraft high-power supply system based on the MPPT technology is applied in China, the invention provides a high-power spacecraft power supply system based on the analog high-reliability MPPT technology, and the problem of constructing a spacecraft power supply system with high reliability, high safety, expandability and high adaptability based on the MPPT technology is well solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The problems solved by the invention are as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the MPPT technology-based spacecraft power supply system is provided, the MPPT technology-based spacecraft power supply system can well meet application requirements under the environment with large-range change of temperature and illumination intensity, the maximum power point tracking of a solar cell array and the autonomous charging and discharging management of a storage battery pack are realized, the multi-module redundancy design is adopted, the system power is easy to expand, the reliability and the safety are high, the system working state is safe and reliable to establish, the testing and the use are flexible, and the application requirements of a space deep space exploration task are well met.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a spacecraft power system based on MPPT (maximum power point tracking) technology, comprising: the system topology composed of a plurality of MPPT power adjusting modules, a lithium ion storage battery pack, one or more SR (shunt regulation) power adjusting modules, one or more solar battery arrays and the like can realize the maximum power point tracking control of the output power of the solar battery arrays, the lithium ion storage battery pack is subjected to autonomous charging management, a primary bus is safely and reliably established, faults are isolated autonomously, the MPPT and the SR comprehensive control and the like are achieved, the input end of each module of the plurality of MPPT power adjusting modules is connected with one solar battery array, the output end of each module is isolated by a diode and then converged into the primary bus, the output of the SR power adjusting module is connected with the primary bus, and the MPPT power adjusting modules achieve the comprehensive control of the buses together. The MPPT power regulation module is internally composed of a power module and an MPPT control circuit, the power module realizes the conversion of the output power of the solar cell array to a primary bus, the MPPT control circuit realizes the voltage stabilization control of the MPPT and the primary bus, the MPPT power regulation modules and one (or more) of the MPPT power regulation modules are used as backup modules, when the master module fails, the output of the solar cell array corresponding to the failed master module is switched to the backup modules, and the master failure isolation is realized. And the SR power regulation module realizes the shunt control of the corresponding solar cell array according to the bus voltage, thereby realizing the control of the primary bus voltage. The primary bus is connected with one end of a storage battery charging and discharging switch K1, a load switch K2 and a bus filter capacitor C, the other end of a switch K1 is connected with the positive end of the storage battery, the other end of the switch K2 is connected with a load R, and the other end of the filter capacitor C is connected with the ground.

The mixed regulation technology of the MPPT technology and the SR technology is adopted, the problem that the MPPT regulation module cannot stabilize bus voltage under the condition that a storage battery pack is not connected with a bus when a charge-discharge switch K1 of the storage battery pack is disconnected is solved, the SR power regulation module can be switched on firstly, after the bus voltage is stabilized, a storage battery discharge switch K1 is switched on, the output of the storage battery pack is connected with the bus, after the storage battery pack is connected, the MPPT power regulation module is connected finally, the establishment of the working state of a system is completed, the risk that the storage battery pack directly charges a bus capacitor C with a large current is avoided by directly switching on the storage battery discharge switch K1, so that the capacitor array C and a circuit are damaged is avoided, and the problem that the bus voltage is unstable due to the fact that the storage battery pack is directly connected with the MPPT power regulation module under the condition that the storage battery pack is not connected with the bus. Thus greatly enhancing the flexibility, safety and application adaptability of the system;

a plurality of MPPT power regulation modules and SR power module are parallelly connected to be constituteed, realize hierarchical control through primary bus to storage battery charging process, because the power capacity of system is increased to the number through adjustment MPPT and SR power regulation module that can be convenient, therefore this topological structure can adapt to high-power application, in addition because a plurality of modules are parallelly connected to be used, the influence of a module trouble to the system reduces, the reliability and the security of system have been strengthened, make this topological structure very suitable have the application that the high reliability high security required, above-mentioned this kind of modular design mode, make system adaptability stronger, it is more nimble convenient to use.

The multiple MPPT and SR power regulation modules realize step-by-step differential control on the charging of the storage battery, for example, aiming at the charging control of the lithium ion storage battery, constant current charging is required to be carried out firstly according to the characteristics of the lithium ion storage battery, when the charging voltage of the storage battery reaches a target voltage, constant voltage charging of the lithium ion storage battery is realized under the condition of maintaining the target voltage unchanged, in the stage of cross current control, MPPT control is adopted, so that a solar battery array is output at the maximum power, the utilization rate of the solar battery array is increased, the specific energy of a system is improved, the charging target voltage of the multiple MPPT and SR power regulation modules connected in parallel is set to be reduced step by step, thereby facilitating the system control, improving the system stability, reducing the electrical stress born by equipment, devices and circuits in the system and enhancing the system reliability.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the invention solves the problem of constructing the spacecraft power system based on the MPPT technology; the system topology has the characteristics of high utilization rate of a solar cell array, autonomous charging management of a lithium ion storage battery pack, large system power capacity, easiness in expansion, high bus quality, flexibility and reliability in power up, and is particularly suitable for aerospace application occasions with large environmental temperature change and high system specific energy requirement.

(2) The MPPT technology and the SR technology are adopted for mixed control, the problem that bus voltage cannot be stabilized by the MPPT adjusting module under the condition that a storage battery pack charging and discharging switch K1 is switched off and the storage battery pack is not connected to a bus is solved, the SR adjusting module is used for charging a control circuit and a bus filter capacitor firstly, then the storage battery charging and discharging switch is switched on, a system working mode is established, and the capacitor and a circuit are prevented from being damaged by large-current charging of the bus capacitor when the storage battery pack charging and discharging switch is directly connected.

(3) The MPPT power regulation system is formed by connecting a plurality of MPPT power regulation modules and SR power modules in parallel, so that the expansion of system power capacity is facilitated, the system can adapt to different powers, particularly high-power application occasions, in addition, the use of a plurality of parallel modules is convenient for realizing fault redundancy, and the reliability and the safety of the system are improved.

(4) The charging of the storage battery pack is controlled in a step-by-step difference mode through the MPPT power regulation modules and the SR power regulation modules, and the charging target voltage of the MPPT power regulation modules and the SR power regulation modules is set to be reduced step by step, so that the system is convenient to control, the system stability is improved, the electrical stress borne by equipment, devices and circuits in the system is reduced, and the system reliability is enhanced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a power supply system for a spacecraft based on MPPT technology.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a topology circuit diagram of a power supply system, and provides a spacecraft power supply system based on the MPPT technology, which realizes reliable and safe establishment of an initial working state of the MPPT power supply system, facilitates flexible test application in each working mode, realizes autonomous management of charging and discharging of a storage battery pack, enhances reliability and safety of the system by adopting a hierarchical control regulation mode, facilitates expansion of system power capacity, enhances system adaptability, has the maximum working point tracking capability of a solar cell array, can adapt to the situation of large-range change of temperature and illumination intensity, and well meets the requirements of deep space detection tasks represented by mars detection.

The specific implementation of the invention mainly comprises the following aspects:

(1) system topology circuit and working principle

The system topology circuit is shown in the attached figure 1 and comprises a plurality of MPPT power adjusting modules, a lithium ion storage battery pack, one or more SR (shunt regulation) power adjusting modules, one or more solar battery arrays and the like, the maximum power point tracking control of the output power of the solar battery arrays can be realized, the lithium ion storage battery pack can be automatically charged and managed, a primary bus is safely and reliably established, faults can be automatically isolated, the MPPT and the SR can be comprehensively controlled, the input end of each module is connected with one solar battery array, the output end of each module is isolated by a diode and then converged into the primary bus, the output of the SR power adjusting module is connected with the primary bus, and the MPPT power adjusting module can realize the comprehensive control of the bus. The MPPT power regulation module is internally composed of a power module and an MPPT control circuit, the power module realizes the conversion of the output power of the solar cell array to a primary bus, and as a typical application, a SuperBuck conversion main topology is given in figure 1. MPPT control circuit realizes MPPT and primary bus voltage stabilization control, and the control circuit mainly comprises a primary bus error amplification signal V_BEAGenerating circuit and MPPT control signal Vmppt generating circuit, V_BEAThe signal generating circuit consists of resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, a capacitor C5, a diode D4 and a comparison amplifier U1One end of R1 is connected with a primary bus, the other end is connected with R2 and R4, the other end of R2 is grounded, the other end of R4 is connected with the positive input of U1, R1 and R2 realize the voltage division sampling of the primary bus, one end of R3 is connected with a primary bus voltage stabilization control reference signal Vref1, the other end is connected with the negative input of U1, the primary bus voltage sampling signal and the reference voltage Vref1 are compared and amplified through U1, the feedback is realized through a passage formed by connecting R5 and C5 in series, and V is generated_BEASignal through V_BEAThe signal realizes the voltage stabilization control of the primary bus voltage. The Vmppt signal generating circuit comprises a solar cell array voltage and current sampling circuit, an MPPT reference signal generating logic circuit and a comparison amplifying circuit consisting of a comparison amplifier U2, a resistor R6 and a capacitor C6, wherein the MPPT reference signal generating logic circuit processes the real-time output current and voltage of the solar cell array to generate a control reference signal Vref, the Vref is connected to the input negative of U2, and the positive end of U2 inputs the real-time output voltage V of the solar cell array_SA，V_SAAnd Vref are compared and amplified by a feedback amplifying circuit consisting of U2, R6 and C6 to generate an MPPT control signal Vmpt, a signal Vmpt and a signal V_BEAThe diodes D4 and D5 are connected after being isolated, small logic is obtained, a control signal Vc is finally generated and sent to the power module, the power module is controlled, when the Vmppt signal acts, MPPT control is achieved, and when the V is in a V state, the Vc is sent to the power module and is sent to the power module through the power module, and when the Vmppt signal acts, the MPPT control is achieved_BEAWhen the signal is acted, primary bus voltage stabilization control is realized. One (or more) of the MPPT power regulation modules is/are used as a backup module, and when a master module fails, the output of a solar cell array corresponding to the failed master module is switched to the backup module to realize master failure isolation, as shown in a typical application shown in fig. 1, MPPT power modules 1 and 2-bit master, 3-bit backup, and when a module 1 or 2 fails, the input of the failed module is switched into the backup module 3 through a switch S1 or S2 to realize the integral isolation of the failure. The SR power regulation module generates a driving signal through sampling and amplifying a primary bus to realize control over a shunt switch Q2, and shunt control over a corresponding solar cell array is realized according to bus voltage, so that control over the primary bus voltage is realized. One end of the primary bus is connected with one end of a storage battery charging and discharging switch K1, one end of a load switch K2 and one end of a bus filter capacitor CAnd the other end of the switch K1 is connected with the positive end of the storage battery pack, the other end of the switch K2 is connected with the load R, and the other end of the filter capacitor C is connected with the ground. The power supply system has the characteristics of high utilization rate of the solar cell array, automatic charging management of the lithium ion storage battery pack, easy expansion of system power, high bus quality, flexible power-up and high reliability, and is particularly suitable for deep space exploration aerospace application occasions with large environmental temperature change and high system specific energy requirement.

(2) System operating state establishing process

As shown in figure 1, because of the working characteristics of the MPPT regulating module, the MPPT module can be started only after a storage battery is connected with a primary bus, otherwise unstable voltage is easily generated at the end of the primary bus, and if a storage battery discharging switch K2 is directly connected, the storage battery is easily caused to charge the bus capacitor with large current, and the risk of damaging a capacitor array and a power path is caused, therefore, the system solves the problems by a method of mixed use of the MPPT regulating module and the SR regulating module, because the SR regulating module can establish the stable primary bus under the condition that the storage battery is not connected, for this reason, the SR regulating module is started first, the primary bus is established, the bus filter capacitor is charged, then the storage battery discharging switch K2 is connected, because the bus filter capacitor C is fully charged, the storage battery can not be caused to charge the bus filter capacitor with large current after the K2 is connected, therefore, the safety of the system is ensured, the MPPT adjusting module is started after the K2 is switched on, and the working state of the system is established.

(3) System hierarchical control and regulation and storage battery autonomous charging management

The MPPT type and SR type power regulation modules realize step-by-step control on the charging of the storage battery pack, and high specific energy and high reliability of the system are realized. The MPPT power regulation modules and the SR power regulation modules are sequentially provided with different primary bus voltage stabilization control voltages from high to low, and the voltage stabilization control voltage of the MPPT power regulation modules is lower than the voltage stabilization control voltage of the SR power regulation modules, so that the charging termination voltage of the lithium ion storage battery pack is controlled step by step. Because the voltage stabilizing control voltage of different MPPT and SR power regulating modules is reduced step by step, the system control is convenient, the system stability is improved, the electrical stress born by equipment, devices and circuits in the system is reduced, and the system reliability is enhanced.

(4) Design implementation for system performance enhancement

The provided MPPT technology-based power supply system topology circuit has the characteristics of high specific energy, easy expansion of capacity and strong environment adaptability, wherein the improvement of the high specific energy is to realize the maximum power output of a solar cell array through an MPPT module, thereby leading the unit area of the smaller solar cell array to output as much power as possible, reducing the weight and the volume of a system and improving the specific energy, in addition, the improvement of the specific energy of the system is realized by reasonably proportioning the quantity of the MPPT and the SR module, because the efficiency of the SR module is higher than that of the MPPT module, different quantity ratios of the SR module and the MPPT module can be equipped according to the output characteristics of different solar cell arrays, and the SR module and the MPPT module supply power to different types of loads according to the system requirements, thereby realizing the improvement of the comprehensive efficiency of the system, for example, when the environmental temperature changes and the illumination changes greatly, the SR module is only set for establishing the working state of the system, the number of SR modules and the area of the solar cell array corresponding to the SR modules can be reduced, the starting requirement is only guaranteed to be met, and the MPPT modules are applied as much as possible, so that the maximum power of the solar cell array is output. And it is fixed that too uses the battery array output voltage characteristic, and the solar array to SR and MPPT module nearer occasion, then can set up SR module more, improve power control efficiency, thereby improve the specific power of entire system, in addition, combine the design of solar array series parallel connection monomer battery, can be according to the line resistance size of MPPT module to the solar array, set up different MPPT module buck-boost ratio and MPPT module and SR module's quantity ratio, when circuit impedance is big, can set up the MPPT module for the step-down form, and improve the step-down ratio, reduce the series connection number of parallel battery cluster in the solar array that the MPPT module corresponds, thereby reduce the electric current of MPPT input, reduce the line loss, improve system efficiency, under this kind of circumstances, then can improve the quantity proportion of MPPT module. And vice versa. In addition, the topological circuit can easily expand the system power capacity, and the aim of expanding the system capacity can be achieved as long as the number of MPPT and SR power regulation modules is increased. Therefore, the system can adapt to not only small-power application occasions but also large-power application occasions, and the adaptability of the system is enhanced.

The power supply system has the characteristics of high utilization rate of the solar cell array, automatic charging management of the lithium ion storage battery pack, easy expansion of system power, high bus quality, flexible power-up and high reliability, and is particularly suitable for deep space exploration aerospace application occasions with large environmental temperature change and high system specific energy requirement.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.