阅读说明：本技术 基于低压保持原理的继电器驱动装置及其驱动方法 (Relay driving device based on low-voltage retention principle and driving method thereof ) 是由 刘超 贾鹏 贾春莲 闫春林 闫东东 姜美军 王静静 贾永旭 于 2021-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于低压保持原理的继电器驱动装置,包括设置有启动驱动引脚和低压维持驱动引脚的控制器,所述控制器依次经启动驱动引脚连接、启动驱动回路连接继电器的线圈的一端,所述继电器线圈的另一端连接有驱动电源；所述控制器还依次经低压维持驱动引脚、低压维持驱动回路后连接于所述继电器线圈与所述启动驱动回路之间。本发明采用上述结构的基于低压保持原理的继电器驱动装置,通过增加并联设置的低压维持驱动回路,可在高压启动后进入低压维持状态,减少了继电器线圈的能耗,从而大大降低了发热量,降低了高温对其他电子部件的影响。(The invention discloses a relay driving device based on a low-voltage holding principle, which comprises a controller provided with a starting driving pin and a low-voltage maintaining driving pin, wherein the controller is connected with one end of a coil of a relay through the starting driving pin and a starting driving loop in sequence, and the other end of the coil of the relay is connected with a driving power supply; the controller is connected between the relay coil and the starting drive circuit after sequentially passing through a low-voltage maintaining drive pin and a low-voltage maintaining drive circuit. The relay driving device based on the low-voltage maintaining principle with the structure can enter a low-voltage maintaining state after high-voltage starting by adding the low-voltage maintaining driving circuit arranged in parallel, and reduces the energy consumption of a relay coil, thereby greatly reducing the heat productivity and reducing the influence of high temperature on other electronic components.)

1. A relay driving device based on a low-voltage holding principle is characterized in that: the controller is connected with one end of a coil of the relay through the start driving pin and the start driving loop in sequence, and the other end of the coil of the relay is connected with a driving power supply;

the controller is connected between the relay coil and the starting drive circuit after sequentially passing through a low-voltage maintaining drive pin and a low-voltage maintaining drive circuit.

2. The relay driving apparatus based on the low voltage maintaining principle according to claim 1, wherein: the starting driving loop comprises a first driving switch, the driving end of the first driving switch is connected with the controller through a first bias resistor, and the execution end of the first driving switch is connected with the relay coil.

3. The relay driving apparatus based on the low voltage maintaining principle according to claim 2, wherein: the low-voltage maintaining driving circuit comprises a second driving switch, the driving end of the second driving switch is connected with the controller through a second bias resistor, and the execution end of the second driving switch is connected with the relay coil through a voltage limiting resistor.

4. The relay driving apparatus based on the low voltage maintaining principle according to claim 3, wherein: the first driving switch and the second driving switch are both triodes;

the emitter of the first driving switch is grounded, the base of the first driving switch is connected with the controller through the first biasing resistor, and the collector of the first driving switch is connected with the relay coil;

the emitter of the second driving switch is grounded, the base of the second driving switch is connected with the controller through the second biasing resistor, and the collector of the second driving switch is connected with the relay collar through the voltage limiting resistor.

5. The relay driving apparatus based on the low voltage maintaining principle according to claim 3, wherein: the first driving switch and the second driving switch are field effect transistors or switch circuits.

6. The relay driving apparatus based on the low voltage maintaining principle according to claim 1, wherein: the controller is internally embedded with an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) microprocessor of a timer, and the starting drive pin and the low-voltage maintaining drive pin are IO pins.

7. The relay driving apparatus based on the low voltage maintaining principle according to claim 1, wherein: the relay coil is also connected with the protection diode in parallel, and the normally open contact of the relay is connected with the heating load.

8. A driving method of a relay driving apparatus based on a low voltage holding principle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, setting the voltage of a driving power supply to be V1, setting the pull-in maintaining voltage of a relay to be V2, setting the coil resistance of the relay to be r2, and calculating the resistance value r1 of a voltage limiting resistor: r1 ═ (V1-V2) r 2/V2;

s2, taking the resistance with the resistance value calculated in the step S1 as a voltage limiting resistance;

s3, when the controller sends high level signals through the starting driving pin and the low voltage maintaining driving pin, the first driving switch and the second driving switch are driven, at the moment, the second driving switch is short-circuited, a starting driving loop is formed between the first driving switch and the relay coil, the relay coil is electrified, the normally open contact is closed and conducted, and the relay is started at high voltage;

s4, after a period of time delay, the controller sends a low level signal to the first drive switch through the start drive pin, the first drive switch is cut off, the start drive loop is disconnected, at the moment, because the second drive switch is in a conducting state, the relay coil, the voltage limiting resistor and the second drive switch form a low voltage maintaining drive loop, and under the partial pressure action of the voltage limiting resistor, the voltage at two ends of the relay coil is reduced to pull-in maintaining voltage, and the relay enters a low voltage maintaining state;

and S5, when the controller sends low level signals to the first starting switch and the second starting switch through the starting driving pin and the low voltage maintaining driving pin, the coil of the relay is powered off, and the relay is released.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a relay control technology, in particular to a relay driving device based on a low-voltage retention principle and a driving method thereof.

Background

In a conventional driving circuit for switching on and off a load by using a relay, a triode is generally used for controlling the on and off of the power supply of a coil of the relay. The triode is conducted, the coil of the relay obtains the required driving voltage, the contact of the relay is closed, and the load controlled by the relay is in a power-on state. And when the triode is cut off, the coil of the relay loses driving voltage, the contact of the relay is released, and the load controlled by the relay is in a power-off state at the moment.

When the load needs to be supplied with power for a long time, the relay coil needs to be kept in the energized state for a long time. Therefore, the relay coil is electrified in a relatively small space (such as a 86-box shell) for a long time, the coil can generate great temperature rise, and the service life and the stability of the relay can be seriously influenced by the coil and other components in the shell.

This kind of phenomenon, especially to the temperature controller that has the temperature measurement function, can cause actual ambient temperature and actual measurement temperature serious nonconformity, and then cause the phenomenon of control error even inefficacy. That is, when the actual temperature of the environment to be measured does not reach the expected temperature (hereinafter referred to as a preset value), the detected temperature reaches the expected value due to the heat of the relay around the temperature sensor, and the load power supply is turned off. At this time, the ordinary user may feel that the preset value may be set to be lower, the preset value may be increased, and the heating time is further prolonged as a result of increasing the preset value, and the heating of the relay coil is more serious, so that a vicious circle is formed. Not only the control effect is not achieved, but also potential safety hazards are brought, fire-fighting accidents can be caused by high temperature, and further electrical fire can be caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a relay driving device based on a low-voltage holding principle, which can enter a low-voltage holding state after high-voltage starting by adding a low-voltage holding driving loop arranged in parallel, and reduces the energy consumption of a relay coil, thereby greatly reducing the heat productivity and reducing the influence of high temperature on other electronic components.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a relay driving device based on a low-voltage holding principle, which comprises a controller provided with a starting driving pin and a low-voltage maintaining driving pin, wherein the controller is connected with one end of a coil of a relay through the starting driving pin and a starting driving loop in sequence, and the other end of the coil of the relay is connected with a driving power supply;

the controller is connected between the relay coil and the starting drive circuit after sequentially passing through a low-voltage maintaining drive pin and a low-voltage maintaining drive circuit.

Preferably, the starting driving circuit includes a first driving switch, a driving end of the first driving switch is connected to the controller through a first bias resistor, and an execution end of the first driving switch is connected to the relay coil.

Preferably, the low voltage maintaining driving circuit includes a second driving switch, a driving end of the second driving switch is connected to the controller through a second bias resistor, and an executing end of the second driving switch is connected to the relay coil through a voltage limiting resistor.

Preferably, the first driving switch and the second driving switch are both triodes;

the emitter of the first driving switch is grounded, the base of the first driving switch is connected with the controller through the first biasing resistor, and the collector of the first driving switch is connected with the relay coil;

the emitter of the second driving switch is grounded, the base of the second driving switch is connected with the controller through the second biasing resistor, and the collector of the second driving switch is connected with the relay collar through the voltage limiting resistor.

Preferably, the first driving switch and the second driving switch are field effect transistors or switch circuits.

Preferably, the controller is embedded with an MCU microprocessor of a timer, and the start driving pin and the low voltage maintenance driving pin are both IO pins.

Preferably, the relay coil is further connected in parallel with a protection diode, and a normally open contact of the relay is connected with a heating load.

The driving method of the relay driving device based on the low-voltage maintaining principle comprises the following steps:

s1, setting the voltage of a driving power supply to be V1, setting the pull-in maintaining voltage of a relay to be V2, setting the coil resistance of the relay to be r2, and calculating the resistance value r1 of a voltage limiting resistor: r1 ═ (V1-V2) r 2/V2;

s2, taking the resistance with the resistance value calculated in the step S1 as a voltage limiting resistance;

s3, when the controller sends high level signals through the starting driving pin and the low voltage maintaining driving pin, the first driving switch and the second driving switch are driven, at the moment, the second driving switch is short-circuited, a starting driving loop is formed between the first driving switch and the relay coil, the relay coil is electrified, the normally open contact is closed and conducted, and the relay is started at high voltage;

s4, after a period of time delay, the controller sends a low level signal to the first drive switch through the start drive pin, the first drive switch is cut off, the start drive loop is disconnected, at the moment, because the second drive switch is in a conducting state, the relay coil, the voltage limiting resistor and the second drive switch form a low voltage maintaining drive loop, and under the partial pressure action of the voltage limiting resistor, the voltage at two ends of the relay coil is reduced to pull-in maintaining voltage, and the relay enters a low voltage maintaining state;

and S5, when the controller sends low level signals to the first starting switch and the second starting switch through the starting driving pin and the low voltage maintaining driving pin, the coil of the relay is powered off, and the relay is released.

Therefore, the relay driving device based on the low-voltage holding principle with the structure can enter a low-voltage holding state after high-voltage starting by adding the low-voltage holding driving loop arranged in parallel, reduces the energy consumption of a relay coil, greatly reduces the heat productivity, reduces the influence of high temperature on other electronic components, and basically maintains the state similar to the environment temperature without obvious temperature rise when the relay with the rated working current of 30A is maintained and attracted by using low voltage through testing. In a common driving mode, under the condition that the relay keeps closed for 20 minutes and the room temperature is 25 ℃, the temperature rise of most brands of relays exceeds 50 ℃, and if the relays are placed in a relatively closed 86-box shell, the temperature rise is more serious. The invention has obvious effects of reducing temperature and reducing consumption when the relay works.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a relay driving apparatus based on a low voltage holding principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the present embodiment is based on the technical solution, and the detailed implementation and the specific operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.

Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a relay driving device based on a low voltage retention principle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the structure of the present invention includes a controller provided with a start driving pin IO1 and a low voltage maintenance driving pin IO2, the controller is connected to a start driving pin IO1, a start driving loop is connected to one end of a coil of a relay J1, and the other end of the coil of the relay J1 is connected to a driving power supply; the controller is also connected between the coil of the relay J1 and the starting drive circuit after sequentially passing through a low-voltage maintaining drive pin IO2 and a low-voltage maintaining drive circuit.

Preferably, the starting driving circuit includes a first driving switch T1, a driving terminal of the first driving switch T1 is connected to the controller via a first bias resistor R1, and an executing terminal of the first driving switch T1 is connected to a coil of the relay J1. The low-voltage maintaining driving circuit comprises a second driving switch T2, the driving end of the second driving switch T2 is connected with the controller through a second bias resistor R2, and the execution end of the second driving switch T2 is connected with the coil of the relay J1 through a voltage limiting resistor R3.

Preferably, the first driving switch T1 and the second driving switch T2 are both triodes; the emitter of the first driving switch T1 is grounded, the base of the first driving switch T1 is connected with the controller through the first bias resistor R1, and the collector of the first driving switch T1 is connected with the coil of the relay J1; the emitter of the second driving switch T2 is grounded, the base of the second driving switch T2 is connected to the controller through the second bias resistor R2, and the collector of the second driving switch T2 is connected to the collar of the relay J1 through the voltage limiting resistor R3.

Preferably, the first driving switch T1 and the second driving switch T2 are field effect transistors or switch circuits or other electronic switches, which are not illustrated herein.

Preferably, the controller is embedded with an MCU microprocessor with a timer, and the start driving pin IO1 and the low voltage maintaining driving pin IO2 are both IO pins.

Preferably, the coil of the relay J1 is also connected with a protective diode D1 in parallel, and the normally open contact of the relay J1 is connected with a heating load.

The driving method of the relay J1 driving device based on the low-voltage maintaining principle comprises the following steps:

s1, setting the voltage of a driving power supply to be V1, setting the pull-in maintaining voltage of a relay J1 to be V2, setting the coil resistance of the relay J1 to be R2, and calculating the resistance value R1 of a voltage limiting resistor R3: r1 ═ (V1-V2) r 2/V2;

in the embodiment, a relay J1 with a coil working voltage of 5V switching capability 40A is taken as an example, after pull-in is completed, pull-in can be reliably maintained as long as a voltage of 1.2-1.5V is applied to two ends of the coil (the value can be obtained through official parameters and practices of a relay J1), 1.5V is taken for stabilizing us, then the direct current resistance of the coil is 27 Ω, a power resistor of 63 Ω is selected to be connected in series with the coil after calculation and resistance selection, the power resistor is connected to a 5V power supply, and the voltage of the coil of the relay J1 is just about 1.5V.

S2, taking the resistor with the resistance value calculated in the step S1 as a voltage limiting resistor R3;

s3, when the controller sends out high level signals through a start driving pin IO1 and a low-voltage maintaining driving pin IO2, a first driving switch T1 and a second driving switch T2 are driven, at the moment, a second driving switch T2 is short-circuited, a start driving loop is formed between a first driving switch T1 and a coil of a relay J1, the coil of the relay J1 is electrified, a normally open contact is closed and conducted, and the relay J1 is started at high voltage;

s4, after delaying for a period of time (the delay time is measured by a timer and is generally set to several hundred milliseconds), the controller sends a low level signal to the first driving switch T1 through the start driving pin IO1, the first driving switch T1 is turned off, the start driving circuit is turned off, at this time, since the second driving switch T2 is in the on state, the coil of the relay J1, the voltage limiting resistor R3 and the second driving switch T2 form a low voltage maintaining driving circuit, and under the partial pressure action of the voltage limiting resistor R3, the voltage across the coil of the relay J1 is reduced to the pull-in maintaining voltage, and at this time, the voltage across the coil of the relay J1 just maintains the pull-in of the relay J1, and enters the low voltage maintaining state of the relay J1;

s5, when the controller sends low level signals to the first starting switch and the second starting switch through the starting driving pin IO1 and the low voltage maintaining driving pin IO2, the first starting switch is set to be at the low level again for reliable operation, the coil of the relay J1 is powered off, and the relay J1 is released.

In the time period of maintaining the conduction of the relay J1, the current and the voltage of the coil of the relay J1 are both far smaller than the rated power supply voltage, and the dissipation power is greatly reduced, so that the energy consumption is saved, and the heat productivity is reduced. The effect of reducing heat generation is particularly obvious in a relatively closed shell like an 86 box, the service lives of the relay J1, peripheral components and the whole product are prolonged, the stability of the product is improved, and the accuracy of the temperature sensor in the 86 box for measuring the ambient temperature is improved.

Therefore, the relay driving device based on the low-voltage maintaining principle with the structure can enter a low-voltage maintaining state after high-voltage starting by adding the low-voltage maintaining driving circuit arranged in parallel, and reduces the energy consumption of the relay coil, thereby greatly reducing the heat productivity and reducing the influence of high temperature on other electronic components.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.