阅读说明：本技术 一种闽楠景观大苗培育的方法 (Phoebe bournei landscape large seedling cultivation method ) 是由 曹晓平 朱恒 沈正观 刘尖 彭勇 黄宇潮 周君 吴永光 于 2021-08-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种闽楠景观大苗培育的方法,具体涉及苗木培育技术领域。所述步骤包括圃地选择、整地与施底肥、夏季养护、整形修剪和切根处理。采用本发明方法培育的闽楠景观大苗生长快速,培育周期短,5年生苗木胸径>5cm,高>4m,8年生苗木胸径>10cm,高>7m；树干挺直,冠体塔形,枝叶繁茂,具有较高的观赏价值,适合各种景观绿化；大苗移栽成活率高达98％～100％。(The invention discloses a method for cultivating large Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings, and particularly relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation. The method comprises the steps of garden selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application, summer maintenance, shaping and pruning and root cutting treatment. The Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings cultivated by the method grow fast, the cultivation period is short, the diameter of breast height of 5-year-old seedlings is larger than 5cm, the height of the seedlings is larger than 4m, the diameter of breast height of 8-year-old seedlings is larger than 10cm, and the height of the seedlings is larger than 7 m; the tree trunk is straight, the crown body is tower-shaped, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, the ornamental value is high, and the tree trunk is suitable for various landscape greening; the transplanting survival rate of the big seedlings reaches 98-100 percent.)

1. A Phoebe bournei landscape big seedling cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, garden selection

Selecting a cultivated land in a low hill valley region or a hill foot gentle slope land as a nursery land;

step two, soil preparation and base fertilizer application

Performing full reclamation and land preparation, and performing soil crushing, ploughing and bed making; digging holes on the bed surface, and applying sufficient base fertilizer;

step three, summer curing

Applying farm manure by adopting a ring-shaped ditching method for root dressing; spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution by adopting a thin fertilizer application mode for topdressing outside roots; water irrigation is carried out on the basis of keeping soil layers around the base of the trunk wet for a long time;

step four, trimming and pruning

(1) When the height of the seedlings is more than 2.5m, the lateral branches at the base parts of the canopy can be trimmed irregularly, the trimming control height is between 2.5m and 4m, the height ratio of the seedlings is 3/4, and the height ratio of more than 4m is 2/3; stopping pruning when the height below the pruned branches reaches 2.5 m;

(2) if the top tip is damaged, cutting short from the tip part with the filled bud, and pruning 5-6 buds below the pruning wound bud and the lateral branch on a section of nursery stock near the pruning wound;

(3) if the top tip is branched, selecting and reserving a main branch, and cutting off other side branches;

step five, root cutting treatment

When the diameter at breast height of the nursery stock grows to be more than 3cm, root cutting treatment can be carried out.

2. The method for cultivating large Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the nursery is convenient to transport, loose in soil, deep in soil layer, fertile and convenient to drain and irrigate; the soil is loam with partial viscosity.

3. The method for cultivating Phoebe bournei landscape plantlets according to claim 1, wherein the full-reclamation land preparation is realized by mechanically turning a reclamation soil layer in three weeks in summer, and the depth is more than 60 cm.

4. The method for cultivating Phoebe bournei landscape plantlets according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is farmyard manure; the farmyard manure is made by adding miscellaneous materials into manure, wherein the miscellaneous materials comprise sawdust, dead branches, fallen leaves, straws, peanut shells, chaff and waste bacteria sticks.

5. The method for cultivating large Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, farmyard manure is applied to the root by adopting an annular ditching method, and the fertilizing amount is 1.5kg per plant.

6. The method for cultivating the large Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the topdressing outside the roots is carried out by spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in a thin fertilizer application mode, the spraying method is leaf surface spraying, the frequency is 2-3 times/month, and the two solutions are sprayed alternately.

7. The method for cultivating Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of urea is 0.3% -0.5%, and the concentration of monopotassium phosphate is 0.2% -0.3%.

8. The method for cultivating large Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the root cutting treatment is carried out before leaf buds sprout in spring 1-2 years before the nursery stock leaves are out of the nursery; the root cutting method is that a root cutting spade is used for cutting off the main lateral roots and the lateral roots around the nursery stock; the root cutting range is 5-6 times of the ground diameter of the nursery stock.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of nursery stock cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating large landscape Phoebe bournei seedlings.

Background

The Phoebe bournei (Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang) is commonly called nanmu and Jinsi nanmu, belongs to Lauraceae, belongs to evergreen arbor tree species, is peculiar in China, and is used for protecting rare endangered wild plants and mainly cultivating precious tree species in China for the national level II key point.

At present, research literatures on the aspects of a Phoebe bournei seedling raising technology and a precious timber afforestation technology are more, but the cultivation technology related to the aspect of landscape application of the Phoebe bournei is rarely reported, so that the exertion of the ornamental value of the Phoebe bournei is greatly influenced, the healthy and comprehensive development of the Phoebe bournei industry is restricted, and therefore, the problem to be solved urgently is solved by researching and developing the Phoebe bournei landscape seedling cultivation technology.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the lack of the existing Phoebe bournei landscape seedling cultivation technology, the invention provides a Phoebe bournei landscape large seedling cultivation method, which aims to solve the problem that the health and the comprehensive development of the Phoebe bournei industry are restricted due to the fact that the ornamental value of the Phoebe bournei is not fully exerted.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the method for cultivating the large Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

step one, garden selection

Selecting a cultivated land in a low hill valley region or a hill foot gentle slope land as a nursery land;

step two, soil preparation and base fertilizer application

Performing full reclamation and land preparation, and performing soil crushing, ploughing and bed making; digging holes on the bed surface, and applying sufficient base fertilizer;

step three, summer curing

Applying farm manure by adopting a ring-shaped ditching method for root dressing; spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution by adopting a thin fertilizer application mode for topdressing outside roots; water irrigation is carried out on the basis of keeping soil layers around the base of the trunk wet for a long time;

step four, trimming and pruning

(1) When the height of the seedlings is more than 2.5m, the lateral branches at the base parts of the canopy can be trimmed irregularly, the trimming control height is between 2.5m and 4m, the height ratio of the seedlings is 3/4, and the height ratio of more than 4m is 2/3; stopping pruning when the height below the pruned branches reaches 2.5 m;

(2) if the top tip is damaged, cutting short from the tip part with the filled bud, and pruning 5-6 buds below the pruning wound bud and the lateral branch on a section of nursery stock near the pruning wound;

(3) if the top tip is branched, selecting and reserving a main branch, and cutting off other side branches;

step five, root cutting treatment

When the diameter at breast height of the nursery stock grows to be more than 3cm, root cutting treatment can be carried out.

Further, the nursery land requires convenient traffic, loose soil, deep soil layer, rich fertilizer and convenient irrigation and drainage; the soil is loam with partial viscosity.

Further, the full reclamation land preparation is to mechanically reclaim a soil layer in three volt days in summer, wherein the depth is more than 60 cm.

Further, the base fertilizer is farmyard manure; the farmyard manure is made by adding miscellaneous materials into manure, wherein the miscellaneous materials comprise sawdust, dead branches, fallen leaves, straws, peanut shells, chaff and waste bacteria sticks.

Further, in the third step, the root topdressing adopts an annular ditching method to apply farmyard manure, and the fertilizing amount is 1.5kg per plant; the farmyard manure is the base manure applied in the above steps.

Further, in the third step, the additional fertilizer except the roots is sprayed with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in a thin fertilizer application mode, the spraying method is leaf surface spraying, the frequency is 2-3 times/month, and the two solutions are alternately sprayed.

Furthermore, the concentration of the urea is 0.3-0.5%, and the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.2-0.3%.

Further, in the fifth step, the root cutting treatment is carried out before leaf buds sprout in spring 1-2 years before the nursery of the nursery stock; the root cutting method is that a root cutting spade is used for cutting off the main lateral roots and the lateral roots around the nursery stock; the root cutting range is 5-6 times of the ground diameter of the nursery stock.

The mechanism for cultivating the large Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings comprises the following steps:

1) the cultivated land in the low hilly valley area or the mountain foot gentle slope land is selected as the nursery land, and the good standing condition and the habitat microclimate of the nursery land are favorable for the growth of the phoebe bournei and can effectively avoid the damage of the extreme climate to early nursery stocks.

2) Mechanical deep tillage is carried out in advance, so that the soil condition can be effectively improved, the water and fertilizer storage capacity is enhanced, and the afforestation survival rate is improved; and sufficient organic base fertilizer is applied, so that the nutrient conditions required by the subsequent growth of the nursery stock can be greatly met.

3) The management of water and fertilizer in summer is enhanced, the advantages of the phoebe bournei in the summer peak growth period can be fully exerted, and the rapid growth of nursery stocks is promoted.

4) By shaping and pruning, the ornamental aesthetic feeling of the phoebe bournei is further improved, and the rapid growth of the nursery stock is promoted.

5) The root cutting treatment can greatly enrich the root bearing quantity and improve the transplanting survival rate of the nursery stock.

The invention has the following advantages:

the Phoebe bournei landscape seedlings cultivated by the method grow fast, the cultivation period is short, the diameter of breast height of 5-year-old seedlings is larger than 5cm, the height of the seedlings is larger than 4m, the diameter of breast height of 8-year-old seedlings is larger than 10cm, and the height of the seedlings is larger than 7 m; the tree trunk is straight, the crown body is tower-shaped, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, the ornamental value is high, and the tree trunk is suitable for various landscape greening; the transplanting survival rate of the big seedlings reaches 98-100 percent.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.

The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a Phoebe bournei landscape big seedling provided by the invention;

fig. 2 is a view for processing the root cutting of the large seedlings of the Phoebe bournei landscape provided by the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment of a Phoebe bournei landscape large seedling cultivation method

1) Selecting a nursery land: selecting a cultivated land or a gentle slope land in a low hill valley region; the garden is convenient to transport, loose in soil, deep in soil layer, fertile, convenient to irrigate and drain, and the soil is preferably slightly cohesive.

2) Soil preparation and base fertilizer application: mechanically ploughing soil layer in three volt days in summer to a depth of over 60 cm; 1-2 months before planting the nursery stock, carrying out soil crushing, ploughing and bed making; digging holes on the bed surface, and applying sufficient base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is farmyard manure made by adding miscellaneous materials into manure, wherein the miscellaneous materials comprise sawdust, dead branches, fallen leaves, straws, peanut shells, chaff, waste bacteria sticks and the like.

3) And (5) maintaining in summer: in summer, during the peak period of growth of the phoebe bournei, additional fertilizer and water management for 4-5 years before seedling cultivation are emphasized; applying additional fertilizer to the roots, adding manure into farmyard manure retted by miscellaneous materials, and applying fertilizer by adopting an annular ditching fertilization method 1 month before sprouting in summer, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 1.5kg per plant; the method of thin fertilizer application is adopted by combining top dressing outside roots with summer water management to spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves, the urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed alternately for 2-3 times/month, the concentration of the urea is 0.3% -0.5%, and the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.2% -0.3%; irrigation with water is based on keeping the soil layer around the base of the tree trunk wet for a long time.

4) Shaping and trimming: the dry quality of the phoebe bournei is strong, and the natural tree shape is more beautiful; in order to form early and promote the growth of dry wood, proper pruning is still needed; (1) when the seedling height is more than 2.5m, carrying out irregular pruning on the lateral branches at the base of the canopy, wherein the pruning control height is between 2.5m and 4m of the seedling height, the canopy height ratio is 3/4, and the canopy height ratio above 4m is 2/3; stopping pruning when the height of the pruned branch reaches 2.5 m; (2) if the top tip is damaged by diseases, insect pests and freezing damage, cutting short from the tip part with the filled bud, and cutting 5-6 buds below the cut bud and lateral branches on a section of nursery stock near the cut from the base part; (3) if the top branch is branched, a main branch is selected and the other side branches are cut off.

5) Root cutting treatment: when the diameter at breast height of the nursery stock is more than 3cm, root cutting treatment can be carried out; the root cutting time is carried out before leaf buds sprout in spring 1-2 years before the nursery stock is out of the nursery; the root cutting method uses a special root cutting spade to cut off the main lateral roots and the lateral roots around the nursery stock; the root cutting range is 5-6 times of the base diameter of the nursery stock, as shown in figure 2.

Examples of the experiments

In the embodiment of the invention, 30 seedlings are selected at fixed points to measure the diameter at breast height and height of 5-year-old seedlings and the diameter at breast height and height of 8-year-old seedlings respectively. See table 1 for details.

TABLE 1 example 5-year-old nursery stock chest diameter and height and 8-year-old nursery stock chest diameter and height values

As can be seen from Table 1, the average breast diameter of 5-year-old seedlings cultivated by the cultivation method of the invention is up to 5.01cm, the average seedling is up to 4.10m, the average breast diameter of 8-year-old seedlings is up to 10.62cm, and the average seedling is up to 7.09m, as shown in FIG. 1; compared with the reference indexes of the breast diameter and the seedling height growth of 5-year and 8-year seedlings proposed by the technical specification of nanmu cultivation (LY/T2119-2013) of the national industry standard, the reference indexes are respectively higher than 70%, 27%, 69% and 28%. The greening and afforesting tests on four sides for many years show that the transplanting survival rate of the big seedlings cultivated by the technology is more than 98 percent.

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.