阅读说明：本技术 一种利用uvb光线诱导血橙果面花青素合成的方法 (Method for inducing synthesis of blood orange fruit surface anthocyanin by using UVB light ) 是由 杨海健 谭平 张云贵 周心智 洪林 杨蕾 王武 于 2021-08-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用UVB光线诱导血橙果面花青素合成的方法,该方法将UVB光线照射到成熟期的血橙的果面,利用UVB光线诱导血橙果面花青素合成。本发明解决了成熟血橙果皮没有紫红色着色或着色浅及不均匀的问题,保证血橙果面充分着色,提升果实外观品质和经济价值。(The invention discloses a method for inducing synthesis of anthocyanin on the fruit surface of blood oranges by utilizing UVB light. The invention solves the problems that mature blood orange peel is not purple red colored or is lightly colored and non-uniform, ensures the full coloring of the blood orange peel, and improves the appearance quality and the economic value of the fruit.)

1. The method for inducing the synthesis of the anthocyanin on the fruit surface of the blood orange by using the UVB light is characterized in that the UVB light is irradiated on the fruit surface of the blood orange in a mature period, and the synthesis of the anthocyanin on the fruit surface of the blood orange is induced by using the UVB light.

2. The method for inducing synthesis of anthocyanin in the fruit surface of blood orange by using UVB light is characterized in that the blood orange is a fruit in the inner cavity of a field-cultivated blood orange tree or a potted blood orange under shading conditions.

3. The method for inducing synthesis of blood orange fruit plane anthocyanidin by using UVB light according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the UVB light is provided by UVB lamp or lamp containing UVB ray, and the distance between the UVB lamp or lamp containing UVB ray and fruit plane is 30cm-50 cm.

4. The method for inducing the synthesis of blood orange fruit plane anthocyanin by using UVB rays as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the irradiation time is 5-8 hours in the day, and the irradiation time is 1 hour at intervals of 40-60 minutes.

5. The method for inducing synthesis of blood orange fruit anthocyanidin by using UVB light according to claim 4, wherein the UVB lamp or the lamp containing UVB rays is 10W-20W, and the fruit irradiance is 200uw/cm²-100uw/cm²。

6. A method for planting ground-planted blood oranges or potted blood oranges is characterized in that during planting of blood oranges, UVB light is irradiated to the fruit faces of the blood oranges in the mature period, and the UVB light is utilized to induce the synthesis of anthocyanin on the fruit faces of the blood oranges.

7. The method for planting field-planted blood oranges or potted blood oranges according to claim 6, wherein in the field-planted blood oranges, the fruit of which the fruit surface is irradiated by UVB light is the blood orange fruit in the bore of the blood orange tree.

8. The method for cultivating ground or potted blood oranges according to any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the UVB light is provided by a UVB lamp or a lamp containing UVB rays, and the distance between the UVB lamp or the lamp containing UVB rays and the fruit surface is 30cm-50 cm.

9. The method for planting ground-planted blood oranges or potted blood oranges according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the irradiation time is intermittent irradiation for 5 to 8 hours in the day, the interval is 1 hour every 40 to 60 minutes, the UVB lamp or the lamp containing UVB rays is 10 to 20W, and the fruit surface irradiance is 200uw/cm²-100uw/cm²。

10. A blood orange is characterized in that: the blood orange is planted by the method for planting the ground-planted blood orange or the potted blood orange according to any one of the claims 6-9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a method for inducing synthesis of anthocyanin on the fruit surface of blood orange by using UVB light, a planting method for in-situ planting blood orange or pot-cultured blood orange and a blood orange.

Background

Citrus is classified into the australian system and the asian system according to the engleri-schanger classification systems for Rutaceae (Rutaceae), Citrus subfamily (aurantieae), wherein the asian system is classified into Citrus (Citrus L.), kumquat (Fortunella Swingle) and trifolium (Poncirus Raf.).

There are about 20 citrus species, and there are about 15 species in China. The citrus main planting types in China include wide-peel citrus, sweet orange, shaddock, lemon and the like.

Sweet orange, with leaves usually slightly smaller than the grapefruit leaves, with elongated winged leaves, oval or oval-shaped leaves, less acicular, 6-10 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, or larger. White in color, with a small number of flowers in the raceme; 5-3 of calyx is shallowly split, and the length of petals is 1.2-1.5 cm; 20-25 stamens; the flower column is thick and strong, and the column head is enlarged. The fruit is round, oblate or oval, orange to orange red, the peel is difficult or slightly easy to peel, the ladybug bag has 9-12 petals, the fruit center is full or semi-full, the pulp is yellowish, orange red or purplish red, and the taste is sweet or slightly sour; few or no seeds, milky white cotyledons, and multiple embryos (few single embryos). 3-5 months in flowering period, 10-12 months in maturity period, and 2-4 months in late-maturing variety.

The sweet oranges are divided into four major categories, namely common sweet oranges, navel oranges, blood oranges and summer oranges, wherein the blood oranges are special and are the only sweet orange variety containing anthocyanin in peels and pulp of oranges, and because of the anthocyanin, the normal coloring consequence of the blood oranges is orange red to purple red, and the color of the peels is darker than that of other sweet orange varieties. The blood orange leaves are usually slightly smaller than the pomelo leaves, the winged leaves are long and narrow, the leaves are oval or oval, the leaves are rarely needle-shaped and flower-white, the back of the leaves is rarely pale purple red, the inflorescence has a small number of flowers, the fruit is spherical, oblate or oval, the fruit is dark or light orange red (influenced by anthocyanin content), the fruit peel is difficult or slightly easy to peel, the color of mesocarp is red or dark purple red, but immature fruits are not colored, the fruit center is full or semi-full, and the fruit pulp is orange red or purple red when mature, sweet in taste or slightly sour.

Blood oranges appeared for the first time in europe in 1850, which were named for their flesh and juice with dark red colored blood. Morlo, taluoke, sangji nailao are the most important varieties. The Italian Xixili island originally produced by the blood oranges in the family of Taroceae mainly grows in the Italian volcanic region with the altitude of more than 3200 meters on the east coast of the Xixili island, the pulp is glittering and translucent, is similar to ruby, has fragrance, and is more fragrant and sweet than Sangji nailao and Molo blood oranges. The introduction of blood oranges in taluoke in 90 s of the last century in China mainly distributes in Chongqing and Sichuan zones, and forms the largest blood orange main producing area in the whole country.

In production, the whole fruit surface of the Taruo blood orange fruit which is positioned at the periphery of the crown and well received light is in normal purple red after the fruit is ripe; the fruit surface of the fruit which is not well received light, such as the fruit which is partially shielded by branches and leaves, etc., is partially colored (purple red), is lightly colored, has small area and is not uniform, and the part which is not colored with the purple red is orange yellow; the blood orange fruit in the inner bore of the tree body has poor light receiving condition, the fruit surface even does not show purple red, the whole fruit surface is orange yellow, the appearance is the same as other common sweet oranges, and the special characters of the blood orange fruit surface are lost.

The appearance coloring (purple red) of the blood orange is an important characteristic for distinguishing the blood orange from other sweet oranges, and the shade, the area size and the uniformity of the surface coloring of the blood orange are important characters for determining the economic value of the blood orange.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above problems, on one hand, the invention provides a method for inducing the synthesis of anthocyanin in the fruit surface of blood orange by using UVB light, which solves the problems that the fruit peel of blood orange has no purple red or the purple red is light and uneven, ensures the full coloring of the fruit surface of blood orange, and improves the appearance quality and economic value of the fruit.

The technical scheme is as follows: the method for inducing the synthesis of the anthocyanin on the fruit surface of the blood orange by using the UVB light is characterized in that the UVB light is irradiated on the fruit surface of the blood orange in a mature period, and the synthesis of the anthocyanin on the fruit surface of the blood orange is induced by using the UVB light.

In a specific embodiment of the present application, the blood orange is a fruit located in the bore of a field-planted blood orange tree or a fruit of a potted blood orange under shade conditions.

In a particular embodiment of the present application, the UVB light is provided by a 311nm single wavelength UVB lamp or a lamp containing 300-320nm UVB radiation, the distance between the UVB lamp or the lamp containing UVB radiation and the fruit face being between 30cm and 50 cm.

In a specific embodiment of the present application, the irradiation time is 5-8 hours of intermittent irradiation during the day, and the irradiation time is 1 hour interval between 40-60 minutes.

In a specific embodiment of the present application, the UVB lamp or UVB-ray-containing lamp is 10W-20W, and the fruit irradiance is 200uw/cm²-100uw/cm²。

The invention also provides a method for planting the ground-planted blood oranges or the potted blood oranges.

A method for planting blood oranges in a field or pot includes irradiating UVB light to the fruit surface of the blood oranges in a mature period when the blood oranges are planted, and inducing the synthesis of anthocyanin on the fruit surface of the blood oranges by the UVB light.

In a specific embodiment of the application, in the field planting of blood oranges, the fruit of the fruit surface of the blood oranges irradiated by UVB light is the blood orange fruit positioned in the bore of the blood orange tree.

In a particular embodiment of the present application, the UVB light is provided by a UVB lamp or a lamp containing UVB radiation, the distance between the UVB lamp or lamp containing UVB radiation and the fruit surface being between 30cm and 50 cm.

In a specific embodiment of the application, the irradiation time is 5-8 hours of intermittent irradiation in the daytime, the interval is 1 hour every 40-60 minutes, the UVB lamp or the lamp containing UVB rays is 10-20W, and the fruit surface irradiance is 200uw/cm²-100uw/cm²。

The invention also provides a blood orange.

The blood orange is planted by the method for planting the ground-planted blood orange or the potted blood orange.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

this application adopts UVB light to shine the fruit face of the blood orange of maturity, has solved the blood orange peel and has not had mauve or mauve light, inhomogeneous problem, guarantees that the blood orange fruit face fully colorates, promotes fruit appearance quality and economic value.

The method can promote the synthesis of anthocyanin on the fruit surface of the blood orange in the inner bore of the crown, and improve the ornamental value and the commodity value of the fruit.

The appearance of the blood orange fruits is bright red when the blood oranges are ripe, so that the morality is better.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of the florescence 155d of example 2;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of example 2 after blooming at 185 d;

FIG. 3 is a photograph of example 2 after anthesis 215 d;

FIG. 4 is a photograph of example 2 after-flowering 245 d;

FIG. 5 is a photograph of 275d after florescence in example 2;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in carotenoid content of the treated blood orange peel at different developmental stages of example 2;

FIG. 7 is a view of example 3;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of determination of the total anthocyanin content in example 3;

FIG. 9 is a view of example 4;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of determination of the total anthocyanin content in example 4.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained below.

The examples provided herein are merely to further illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the materials and methods of operation used in the present invention are well known in the art, unless otherwise specified, in the following.

Example 1

A method for synthesizing anthocyanin on the fruit surface of blood orange comprises the steps of irradiating UVB light to the fruit surface of blood orange in a mature period, and utilizing the UVB light to induce the synthesis of the anthocyanin on the fruit surface of blood orange.

In a specific embodiment of the present application, the UVB in the method is 311nm uv light or a light source containing 300-320nm uv light.

In a specific embodiment of the present application, the blood orange in the method is a fruit of a potted blood orange located in the bore of a tree of ground-planted blood oranges or under shade conditions.

In a particular embodiment of the present application, the UVB light in the method is provided by a UVB lamp or a lamp containing UVB radiation, the distance between the UVB lamp or the lamp containing UVB radiation and the fruit surface being between 30cm and 50 cm.

In a specific embodiment of the present application, the irradiation time in the method is 5-8 hours of intermittent irradiation during the day, and the irradiation time interval is 1 hour for 40-60 minutes.

In a specific embodiment of the present application, the UVB lamp or lamps containing UVB radiation in the method is from 10W to 20W and the fruit irradiance is 200uw/cm²-100uw/cm²。

Based on the method for synthesizing the anthocyanin in the fruit surface of the blood orange, the application also provides a planting method for the ground-planted blood orange or the potted blood orange.

A method for planting blood oranges in a field or pot includes such steps as planting blood oranges, irradiating UVB light to the surface of blood orange in mature period, and planting the blood orange in pot.

In a specific embodiment of the application, in the method for planting the blood oranges in the field, the fruit of the fruit surface of the blood oranges irradiated by the UVB light is the blood orange fruit positioned in the bore of the blood orange tree.

In a specific embodiment of the present application, the UVB in the method is 311nm uv light or a light source containing 300-320nm uv light.

In a particular embodiment of the application, the method is carried out in a planting mode, wherein UVB light is provided by UVB lamps or lamps containing UVB radiation, and the distance between the UVB lamps or lamps containing UVB radiation and the fruit surface is 30cm-50 cm.

In one specific embodiment of the application, the method comprises the steps of planting, intermittently irradiating 5-8 hours in the daytime at intervals of 1 hour every 40-60 minutes, wherein the irradiation range of UVB lamps or lamps containing UVB rays is 10-20W, and the fruit surface irradiance is 200uw/cm²-100uw/cm²。

Based on the planting method of the ground-planted blood orange or the potted blood orange, the application also provides the blood orange.

The blood orange is planted by the method for planting the ground-planted blood orange or the potted blood orange.

Examples 2-4 below were used to demonstrate the effect of example 1.

Example 2

The test method comprises the following steps: and (4) bagging the fruits with good light receiving at the periphery of the crown by using fruit bags with different light transmittances after the flowers are planted in 115d, and taking the fruits without bags as a contrast. The treated fruits are respectively collected at 155d (green skin period), 185d (yellow period), 215d (early stage of red period), 245d (middle stage of red period) and 275d (late stage of red period) after flowers are bloomed, and then are subjected to pericarp coloring observation, color difference analysis and content analysis and determination of anthocyanin and carotenoid.

And (3) coloring observation: 155d after blooming, after the blood orange fruits are bagged and shaded, the chlorophyll level of the peels of the blood orange fruits is immediately reduced, and the reduction degree is inversely proportional to the light transmittance of the fruit bags, as shown in figure 1; at 185d postanthesis, the chlorophyll continued to decrease in the control fruit without bagging and in the other bagged fruits as in fig. 2; at 215d after flowering, both control and bagged fruits completed the chlorosis and turned yellow as shown in fig. 3; at 245d after flowering, the control blood orange peel without bagging appeared visibly anthocyanin staining, the fruit surface of the fruit with white bags appeared lighter and less anthocyanin staining than the control fruit, while the fruit surfaces of the fruit with brown and black bags did not appear anthocyanin staining, as shown in fig. 4; at 275d after blossom, the color of the blood orange fruit surfaces of the contrast and white bag bags is further deepened, the red area is further enlarged, the red area of the contrast fruit surface reaches 60% -90%, the white bag treatment can reach 40% -60%, while the fruit surfaces of the fruits treated by the brown bag and the black bag are orange yellow all the time, and have no anthocyanin coloring sign, as shown in figure 5.

And (3) color difference analysis: the color difference analysis was performed on the epidermis of each treated fruit 275d after flowering by a color difference meter, and the results are shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1

Bagging process	a value	b value	Value of L
				Control	41.43a	46.85c	39.81a
White bag	36.35b	54.15b	33.42b
				Palm bag sleeve bag	31.08c	61.45a	28.99bc
Black bag	29.58c	62.28a	27.12c

Significant difference (P) is indicated by different lower case letters after the same column of data

Table 1 above shows that the values a representing red in each treatment are sequentially in the order of comparison > white bag > brown bag > black bag according to the magnitude, and the values b representing yellow are just opposite; there was a significant difference between the control and other bagging treatments in the a and b values.

Measuring the total anthocyanin content of the peels: the results are shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 (unit: mg/kg)

Time of detection	Control	White bag	Palm bag	Black bag
					275 days after flower	12.01	8.26	0.31	0.39
245 days after the flower	6.76	4.07	0.25	0.34
					215 days after flower	2.39	0.78	0.16	0.16

As can be seen from Table 2, at 215 days after the blooming, the control blood orange fruit surface began to have a small amount of anthocyanin coloration (2.39mg/kg), the anthocyanin content in the pericarp of the white bagged fruit was 0.78mg/kg, and the brown and black bags had no anthocyanin synthesis. When the flowers are 245d and 275d after the flowers, the anthocyanin content of the pericarp of the contrast and white bag bagged fruits is in a continuously increasing trend, and the surfaces of the brown bag and black bag bagged blood oranges are not colored with anthocyanin all the time.

The data from the anthocyanin content determination (table 2) are consistent with the coloration of the fruit (fig. 1-5).

Determination of pericarp carotenoids: the results are shown in Table 3 below and FIG. 6.

TABLE 3 (unit: mg/kg)

Measuring time	Control	White bag	Palm bag	Black bag
					Flower back 135d	0.69	0.48	0.28	0.18
Flower back 155d	0.39	0.30	0.15	0.06
					Flower back 185d	0.11	0.11	0.06	0.07
Post-anthesis 215d	0.25	0.24	0.19	0.19
					Flower back 245d	0.38	0.33	0.25	0.29
Flower back 275d	0.56	0.57	0.38	0.37

As can be seen from Table 3 and FIG. 6, the carotenoid content of blood orange peel immediately decreased after shading; 135d after blossom, the reduction degree of the carotenoid content of the blood orange peel of the bag is inversely proportional to the light transmittance of the fruit bag, and the lower the light transmittance, the faster the light transmittance is reduced; the carotenoid content of the comparison and bagging blood orange peel with 135-275d after the flower is U-shaped, and the carotenoid content is increased after the reduction by taking 185d after the flower as a boundary point. During the rising process, the carotenoid content of the white bag and the carotenoid content of the contrast peel are very close; the carotenoid content of the pericarp treated by the brown bag and the black bag is slightly lower, and the carotenoid content of the pericarp treated by the two bags in the late stage of red turning is about 68 percent of that of the pericarp treated by the contrast bag or the white bag.

From example 2, it can be seen that although low light affects the synthesis of carotenoid from blood orange fruit surface to a certain extent, the effect is not so great, a large amount of carotenoid is still synthesized in the peel, but low light seriously affects the synthesis of anthocyanin from blood orange peel, which directly results in no anthocyanin in the peel, so that the final blood orange fruit surface only shows orange yellow (carotenoid coloring).

Example 3

The test method comprises the following steps: in 2019, 10 and 30 days, irradiating the fruits in the bore of the blood orange tree body by using light sources with different light qualities (660nm red light, 460nm blue light, 405nm purple light, 390 plus 840nm composite light source and white light (300 plus 780nm) lamp containing ultraviolet rays), continuously irradiating at intervals of 1 hour after irradiating for 1 hour, fixedly irradiating for 5 hours every day, setting three repetitions for each irradiation treatment, taking the fruits in the bore which are not subjected to the irradiation treatment as a reference, and shading the fruits in the bore of the blood orange by using a shading net to avoid light interference outside the test. And the day 27 in the year 4 of 2019 is the final stage of the blood orange blossom in the current year, the sampling date is from 10 days in the year 11 and 10 months (197 d after blossom) in the year 2019 to 10 days in the year 1 and 10 months (257 d after blossom) in the year 2020, 1 time of sampling is carried out every 20d, and the content of the anthocyanin in the pericarp is determined.

And (3) observation and test: the results are shown in fig. 7, and in the control (A) blood orange bore fruit, the fruit surface is not stained with anthocyanin all the time during the mature development process; the fruit with inner cavity is irradiated by 660nm red light (B), 460nm blue light (C), 405nm purple light (D) and 390nm-840nm composite light source (E), and the peel does not show anthocyanin coloring; after the inner bore blood orange is irradiated by a white light (300-.

The determination result of the total anthocyanin content is as follows: as shown in FIG. 8, the bore blood orange fruits are irradiated by red light, blue light, purple light and 390nm-840nm light sources, and the same as the control, and the anthocyanin content is not detected in the peel in the whole color transfer development process, while the anthocyanin (1.75mg/kg) is detected in the blood orange peel sample after 237d of florescence when the fruit is irradiated by a white light lamp containing ultraviolet rays, and the anthocyanin content in the peel reaches 8.78mg/kg when the fruit is 257d of florescence.

The data obtained from the measurement of anthocyanin content (FIG. 8) was consistent with the appearance of fruit surface coloration (FIG. 7).

From example 3, it is known that white light (300-780nm) lamp irradiation containing ultraviolet rays can induce the synthesis of blood orange peel anthocyanin, and light with other wavelengths cannot.

Example 4

The test method comprises the following steps: the experiment of the previous year was repeated on day 11 and 15 in 2020, with only the illumination source replaced by: 380-840nm light source, 365nmUVA light source and 311nmUVB light source, and the inner cavity fruits without light treatment are used as comparison. And 4, 20 days in 2020, which is the late stage of the flower metabolism of the blood orange in the current year, sampling the date from 12 and 1 days in 2019 (224 d after the flower) to 1 and 15 days in 2020 (269 d after the flower), sampling 1 time every 15d, repeating the processing for 3 times and 5 fruits every 15d, observing the coloring of the fruits, and determining the anthocyanin content of each processed blood orange peel.

And (3) observation and test: the results are shown in fig. 9, the control blood orange fruit (a1) and the blood orange fruit surface irradiated by 390nm-840nm light source (B1) and 365nm uva irradiation (C1) have no anthocyanin coloration, while the fruit irradiated by 311nm uvb (D1) has visible anthocyanin coloration at 244D after flowering, and the fruit illuminated surface is gradually darker and the non-illuminated surface has no anthocyanin coloration along with the gradual ripening of the fruit.

The determination result of the total anthocyanin content is as follows: as shown in FIG. 10, no anthocyanin content was detected in the control and the blood orange peel samples treated with 390nm to 840nm light irradiation and 365nm UVA irradiation; anthocyanin content of 1.83mg/kg was detected in the UVB-irradiated peel samples at 244d post-anthesis, and total anthocyanin content reached 6.65mg/kg by 269d post-anthesis.

The data obtained by measuring the anthocyanin content (FIG. 10) were consistent with the appearance coloring of fruits (FIG. 9).

From example 4, it can be seen that 311nm UVB irradiation induces synthesis of neritin, whereas 365nm UVA irradiation and other light sources do not induce.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.