阅读说明：本技术 一种西瓜的种植方法 (Watermelon planting method ) 是由 刘勇 刘玲 于 2021-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种西瓜的种植方法,包括以下步骤：播种育苗、移栽入盆和种植管理,本发明种植的西瓜产量高、品质优、风味佳、种植效益高,且极大提高了出苗率并降低了虫害发生率。本发明改变传统的种植方法,通过种植盆栽培,完美解决了西瓜重茬的问题,通过更换基质能够实现快速的重复种植。基质为腐熟农家肥、腐植酸的混合有机肥、氮磷钾复合肥和过磷酸钙搅拌混合而成,含有西瓜所需各种的营养物质,且含量丰富,能够促进西瓜快速生长,缩短生产周期,且提高产量。本发明采用温室种植,具有很好的保温作用,并通过配套使用遮阳网和悬挂的系带,改善西瓜的生长环境,使品种、装置、栽培技术一体化。(The invention provides a watermelon planting method, which comprises the following steps: the watermelon planted by the method has high yield, excellent quality, good flavor and high planting benefit, greatly improves the emergence rate and reduces the incidence rate of insect pests. The invention changes the traditional planting method, perfectly solves the problem of continuous cropping of the watermelons through planting pot cultivation, and can realize rapid and repeated planting through changing the substrate. The matrix is formed by stirring and mixing decomposed farmyard manure, mixed organic fertilizer of humic acid, nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, contains various nutrient substances required by the watermelon, is rich in content, can promote the rapid growth of the watermelon, shortens the production period and improves the yield. The watermelon cultivation system adopts greenhouse cultivation, has good heat preservation effect, improves the growth environment of watermelons by matching the sunshade net and the suspended tying belt, and integrates varieties, devices and cultivation technologies.)

1. The watermelon planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: sowing and seedling raising, namely selecting small watermelon seeds with better quality, airing the seeds for 4-5 hours under low light, soaking and disinfecting for 10-15 minutes by using 100 times of formalin solution, fishing out the seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃, stirring until the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, stopping soaking for 3-5 hours, putting the seeds into a thermostat for germination acceleration, carrying out plug sowing after the seeds grow a centimeter of buds, keeping the temperature of the thermostat at 18-28 ℃, ensuring sufficient illumination, ventilating and watering regularly, and carrying out field planting after 25-30 days of cultivation;

step two: transplanting into a pot, selecting a proper planting pot, pouring the prepared soil matrix into the planting pot, arranging and distributing the planting pot in a greenhouse, planting the watermelon seedlings in the step one into the planting pot, and watering to enable the root system to be fused with the matrix;

step three: planting management, including temperature management, pruning and vine hanging, artificial pollination and fertilizer and water management, wherein:

temperature management: a sunshade net is arranged in the greenhouse for appropriately shading, a fan is arranged on one side of the greenhouse for heat exchange, air circulation of the greenhouse is kept, the temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is kept at 15-20 ℃ at night;

pruning and vine hanging: watermelon is planted by hanging vines, only one main vine is left in each plant, the other side vines are removed, the tips of the vines are pinched after the vines grow to a certain height, and nutrient consumption is reduced; the watermelon is supported by a mesh bag after growing up, and a tying belt is arranged at the upper end of the planting pot in the greenhouse, so that the watermelon and the vine can be hung at the later stage;

artificial pollination: smearing the stamens of the male flowers which are opened the same day on the stamens of the female flowers which are opened the same day after the watermelons are blossomed, dispersing the pollen of the male flowers on the stigma of the female flowers, and removing redundant young watermelons after fruiting;

and (3) fertilizer and water management: one side of the planting pot is provided with a root drip pipeline for irrigation, watering should be controlled in the seedling stage, watering should be combined with top dressing in the vine growing stage, the water quantity is not too large, the water requirement is large when the young melon grows, and soil is kept moist; fertilization fertilizers were applied once each during the long-vine period and after the young fruit had fallen loose.

2. The planting method of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: transplanting 1-2 watermelon seedlings into each planting pot in the second step, and finally only keeping one healthy seedling plant with good growth vigor in each pot; after the seedling plants grow to 20-25cm, the seedling plants are vertically fixed on the tying belts by clamps.

3. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the watermelon seedlings are transplanted, the root is dipped by the antibiotic 968 highlighting shield, so that the watermelon seedlings can root and strengthen the seedlings, and root diseases can be prevented.

4. The planting method of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: the components in the soil matrix comprise decomposed farmyard manure, a humic acid mixed organic fertilizer, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the components are uniformly mixed and stirred, wherein the ratio of the components in the soil matrix is 20:3:1: 1.

5. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 4, wherein the following steps are carried out: the fertilizer added in the fertilizer and water management is nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution contains the following components in each liter of water: 1-1.6 g of urea, 0.5-1.1 g of calcium nitrate, 0.3-0.5 g of dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2 g of potassium nitride, 0.03-0.05 g of ferric trichloride, 0.5-0.8 g of boric acid, 0.1-0.2 g of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2 g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.2 g of zinc sulfate and 5.5-6 of the pH value of the nutrient solution.

6. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 5, wherein the following steps are carried out: the preferable content of each liter of nutrient solution is as follows: 1.3 g of urea, 0.9 g of calcium nitrate, 0.4 g of dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15 g of potassium nitride, 0.04 g of ferric trichloride, 0.6 g of boric acid, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.1 g of copper sulfate, 0.1 g of zinc sulfate and the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.8.

7. The planting method of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: the sunshade net sets up in the inboard upper end of big-arch shelter, and the sunshade net passes through the pipe fitting support to folding putting, through motor drive haulage rope pulling sunshade net during the use, realize the automatic control of sunshade net.

8. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 7, wherein the following steps are performed: steel wire ropes are distributed at the upper end of the planting pot in the greenhouse in a crossed mode, the tying belts are hung on the steel wire ropes, and the main vines are fixed on the tying belts through the clamps every 20-30 centimeters long.

9. The planting method of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: the third step also comprises pest control, wherein 10% difenoconazole 1500-time liquid can be sprayed at the early stage of the onset of gummy stem blight, and 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 5000-time liquid spray or 2% abamectin microemulsion 3000-time liquid spray can be used for pest control.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of watermelon planting, in particular to a planting method of watermelons.

Background

With the deep development of the reform and the openness of China, the living standard of urban and rural residents is improved, and the market of the watermelon tends to be high-grade, small and high-quality. Under the condition that the market of agricultural products is seriously supplied and demanded more, the quality-based winning has become a consensus of farmers. The total amount is controlled, the quality is improved, and higher benefits can be obtained. The watermelon is juicy, sweet, cool and refreshing and is deeply loved by consumers. With the change of the population structure of urban and rural families, the small watermelon is more and more popular.

At present, when watermelons are planted in a greenhouse, soil quality reduction, such as saline-alkali soil, hardened soil, acid and alkali, and reduction of nutrient substances in soil, is easy to occur, so that the watermelons are not suitable for growth of the melons, and the watermelon blight is easy to occur when the watermelons are planted in continuous cropping.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a watermelon planting method to solve the problems in the background technology.

The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a watermelon planting method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: sowing and seedling raising, namely selecting small watermelon seeds with better quality, airing the seeds for 4-5 hours under low light, soaking and disinfecting for 10-15 minutes by using 100 times of formalin solution, fishing out the seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃, stirring until the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, stopping soaking for 3-5 hours, putting the seeds into a thermostat for germination acceleration, carrying out plug sowing after the seeds grow a centimeter of buds, keeping the temperature of the thermostat at 18-28 ℃, ensuring sufficient illumination, ventilating and watering regularly, and carrying out field planting after 25-30 days of cultivation;

step two: transplanting into a pot, selecting a proper planting pot, pouring the prepared soil matrix into the planting pot, arranging and distributing the planting pot in a greenhouse, planting the watermelon seedlings in the step one into the planting pot, and watering to enable the root system to be fused with the matrix;

step three: planting management, including temperature management, pruning and vine hanging, artificial pollination and fertilizer and water management, wherein:

temperature management: a sunshade net is arranged in the greenhouse for appropriately shading, a fan is arranged on one side of the greenhouse for heat exchange, air circulation of the greenhouse is kept, the temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is kept at 15-20 ℃ at night;

pruning and vine hanging: watermelon is planted by hanging vines, only one main vine is left in each plant, the other side vines are removed, the tips of the vines are pinched after the vines grow to a certain height, and nutrient consumption is reduced; the watermelon is supported by a mesh bag after growing up, and a tying belt is arranged at the upper end of the planting pot in the greenhouse, so that the watermelon and the vine can be hung at the later stage;

artificial pollination: smearing the stamens of the male flowers which are opened the same day on the stamens of the female flowers which are opened the same day after the watermelons are blossomed, dispersing the pollen of the male flowers on the stigma of the female flowers, and removing redundant young watermelons after fruiting;

and (3) fertilizer and water management: one side of the planting pot is provided with a root drip pipeline for irrigation, watering should be controlled in the seedling stage, watering should be combined with top dressing in the vine growing stage, the water quantity is not too large, the water requirement is large when the young melon grows, and soil is kept moist; fertilization fertilizers were applied once each during the long-vine period and after the young fruit had fallen loose.

As a preferable scheme of the invention: transplanting 1-2 watermelon seedlings into each planting pot in the second step, and finally only keeping one healthy seedling plant with good growth vigor in each pot; after the seedling plants grow to 20-25cm, the seedling plants are vertically fixed on the tying belts by clamps.

As a preferable scheme of the invention: before the watermelon seedlings are transplanted, the root is dipped by the antibiotic 968 highlighting shield, so that the watermelon seedlings can root and strengthen the seedlings, and root diseases can be prevented.

As a preferable scheme of the invention: the components in the soil matrix comprise decomposed farmyard manure, a humic acid mixed organic fertilizer, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the components are uniformly mixed and stirred, wherein the ratio of the components in the soil matrix is 20:3:1: 1.

As a preferable scheme of the invention: the fertilizer added in the fertilizer and water management is nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution contains the following components in each liter of water: 1-1.6 g of urea, 0.5-1.1 g of calcium nitrate, 0.3-0.5 g of dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2 g of potassium nitride, 0.03-0.05 g of ferric trichloride, 0.5-0.8 g of boric acid, 0.1-0.2 g of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2 g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.2 g of zinc sulfate and 5.5-6 of the pH value of the nutrient solution.

As a preferable scheme of the invention: the preferable content of each liter of nutrient solution is as follows: 1.3 g of urea, 0.9 g of calcium nitrate, 0.4 g of dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15 g of potassium nitride, 0.04 g of ferric trichloride, 0.6 g of boric acid, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.1 g of copper sulfate, 0.1 g of zinc sulfate and the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.8.

As a preferable scheme of the invention: the sunshade net sets up in the inboard upper end of big-arch shelter, and the sunshade net passes through the pipe fitting support to folding putting, through motor drive haulage rope pulling sunshade net during the use, realize the automatic control of sunshade net.

As a preferable scheme of the invention: steel wire ropes are distributed at the upper end of the planting pot in the greenhouse in a crossed mode, the tying belts are hung on the steel wire ropes, and the main vines are fixed on the tying belts through the clamps every 20-30 centimeters long.

As a preferable scheme of the invention: the third step also comprises pest control, wherein the gummy stem blight can be sprayed by 1500-fold liquid of 10% difenoconazole at the early stage of disease attack, and the pest can be sprayed by 5000-fold liquid of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule or 3000-fold liquid of 2% avermectin microemulsion and used for controlling aphids, red spiders and the like.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the watermelon planted by the method has high yield, high quality, good flavor and high planting benefit, and the emergence rate is greatly improved and the insect pest incidence rate is reduced. The invention changes the traditional planting method, perfectly solves the problem of continuous cropping of the watermelons through planting pot cultivation, and can realize rapid and repeated planting through changing the substrate. The matrix is formed by stirring and mixing decomposed farmyard manure, mixed organic fertilizer of humic acid, nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, contains various nutrient substances required by the watermelon, is rich in content, can promote the rapid growth of the watermelon, shortens the production period and improves the yield. The watermelon cultivation system adopts greenhouse cultivation, has good heat preservation effect, improves the growth environment of watermelons by matching the sunshade net and the suspended tying belt, and integrates varieties, devices and cultivation technologies.

Detailed Description

The technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention are easy to understand.

The embodiment provides a watermelon planting method, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: sowing and seedling raising, namely selecting small watermelon seeds with better quality, airing the seeds for 4-5 hours under weak conditions, soaking and disinfecting the seeds for 10-15 minutes by using 100 times of formalin solution, fishing out the seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃, stirring until the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, stopping soaking for 3-5 hours, putting the seeds into a thermostat for germination acceleration, carrying out plug sowing after the seeds grow a centimeter of buds, keeping the temperature of the thermostat at 18-28 ℃, ensuring sufficient illumination, ventilating and watering regularly, and carrying out field planting after 25-30 days of cultivation;

step two: transplanting into a pot, selecting a proper planting pot, pouring the prepared soil matrix into the planting pot, arranging and distributing the planting pot in a greenhouse, planting the watermelon seedlings in the step one into the planting pot, and watering to enable the root system to be fused with the matrix;

step three: planting management, including temperature management, pruning and vine hanging, artificial pollination and fertilizer and water management, wherein:

temperature management: a sunshade net is arranged in the greenhouse for appropriately shading, a fan is arranged on one side of the greenhouse for heat exchange, air circulation of the greenhouse is kept, the temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is kept at 15-20 ℃ at night;

pruning and vine hanging: watermelon is planted by hanging vines, only one main vine is left in each plant, the other side vines are removed, the tips of the vines are pinched after the vines grow to a certain height, and nutrient consumption is reduced; the watermelon is supported by a mesh bag after growing up, and a tying belt is arranged at the upper end of the planting pot in the greenhouse, so that the watermelon and the vine can be hung at the later stage;

artificial pollination: smearing the stamens of the male flowers which are opened the same day on the stamens of the female flowers which are opened the same day after the watermelons are blossomed, dispersing the pollen of the male flowers on the stigma of the female flowers, and removing redundant young watermelons after fruiting;

and (3) fertilizer and water management: one side of the planting pot is provided with a root drip pipeline for irrigation, watering should be controlled in the seedling stage, watering should be combined with top dressing in the vine growing stage, the water quantity is not too large, the water requirement is large when the young melon grows, and soil is kept moist; fertilization fertilizers were applied once each during the long-vine period and after the young fruit had fallen loose.

In the embodiment, 1-2 watermelon seedlings are transplanted in each planting pot in the second step, and finally only one healthy seedling plant with good growth vigor is reserved in each planting pot; after the seedling plants grow to 20-25cm, the seedling plants are vertically fixed on the tying belts by clamps. Before the watermelon seedlings are transplanted, the root is dipped by the antibiotic 968 highlighting shield, so that the watermelon seedlings can root and strengthen the seedlings, and root diseases can be prevented. The third step also comprises pest control, wherein the gummy stem blight can be sprayed by 1500-fold liquid of 10% difenoconazole at the early stage of disease attack, and the pest can be sprayed by 5000-fold liquid of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule or 3000-fold liquid of 2% avermectin microemulsion and used for controlling aphids, red spiders and the like.

In the embodiment, the components in the soil matrix comprise decomposed farmyard manure, a humic acid mixed organic fertilizer, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the components are uniformly mixed and stirred, wherein the ratio of the components in the soil matrix is 20:3:1: 1. The fertilizer added in the fertilizer and water management is nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution contains the following components in each liter of water: 1-1.6 g of urea, 0.5-1.1 g of calcium nitrate, 0.3-0.5 g of dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2 g of potassium nitride, 0.03-0.05 g of ferric trichloride, 0.5-0.8 g of boric acid, 0.1-0.2 g of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2 g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.2 g of zinc sulfate and 5.5-6 of the pH value of the nutrient solution. The preferable content of each liter of nutrient solution is as follows: 1.3 g of urea, 0.9 g of calcium nitrate, 0.4 g of dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15 g of potassium nitride, 0.04 g of ferric trichloride, 0.6 g of boric acid, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.1 g of copper sulfate, 0.1 g of zinc sulfate and the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.8.

In this embodiment, the sunshade net sets up in the inboard upper end of big-arch shelter, and the sunshade net supports through pipe fitting to folding putting, through motor drive haulage rope pulling sunshade net during the use, realize the automatic control of sunshade net. Steel wire ropes are distributed at the upper end of the planting pot in the greenhouse in a crossed mode, the tying belts are hung on the steel wire ropes, and the main vines are fixed on the tying belts through the clamps every 20-30 centimeters long.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.