阅读说明：本技术 一种仿生铁犁木结构的水润滑轴承材料及其成型工艺 (Water-lubricated bearing material of bionic iron plough wood structure and forming process thereof ) 是由 郭智威 黄齐韧 袁成清 董从林 于 2021-07-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种仿生铁犁木结构的水润滑轴承材料及其成型工艺,本发明以热固性聚氨酯作为基体,以导管结构和玻璃纤维作为内含的自润滑和增强材料,导管结构由作为内芯的聚二甲基硅氧烷和包裹在内芯表面的聚酰胺组成。首先制备聚二甲基硅氧烷棒状材料,然后将聚酰胺熔融拉丝后缠绕在棒材表面,得到导管结构,再将导管结构和玻璃纤维放置在模具内,注入聚氨酯预聚体扩链剂和消泡剂,加热到反应温度固化,在完全固化前脱模,根据轴承的形状和尺寸将单根纤维束缠绕多圈,材料完全固化硬化后得到仿生铁犁木结构的水润滑轴承。本发明具备铁犁木结构的优点,规避了天然铁犁木水涨性强,使用寿命短和资源匮乏的缺点,制备成本低廉,使用效果好。(The invention discloses a water-lubricated bearing material with a bionic iron plow wood structure and a forming process thereof. Firstly, preparing a polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material, then winding polyamide after melting and drawing wires on the surface of a rod to obtain a conduit structure, then placing the conduit structure and glass fibers in a mold, injecting a polyurethane prepolymer chain extender and a defoaming agent, heating to a reaction temperature for curing, demolding before complete curing, winding a single fiber bundle for multiple circles according to the shape and the size of a bearing, and obtaining the water-lubricated bearing with the bionic iron plow wood structure after the material is completely cured and hardened. The invention has the advantages of the iron plough structure, avoids the defects of strong water swelling property, short service life and resource shortage of natural iron plough, and has low preparation cost and good use effect.)

1. The utility model provides a water lubricated bearing material of bionical ironplough wood structure which characterized in that: the composite material comprises thermosetting polyurethane as a matrix, a catheter structure arranged in the matrix and fibers for reinforcement, wherein the catheter structure consists of polydimethylsiloxane as an inner core and polyamide wrapped on the surface of the inner core.

2. The water-lubricated bearing material according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber is a plurality of glass fibers which are arranged in the same direction with the conduit structure.

3. The water-lubricated bearing material according to claim 1, wherein: and the polyamide is wound on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane to wrap the polydimethylsiloxane after hot melting and wire drawing.

4. The water-lubricated bearing material according to claim 1, wherein: the polydimethylsiloxane is in a long-strip rod shape.

5. A forming process of the water-lubricated bearing material with the bionic iron plough wood structure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, preparing a polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material serving as an inner core by using a prepolymer of polydimethylsiloxane and a curing solution, and coating the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material with polyamide after melting to obtain a conduit structure;

step 2, fixing a plurality of guide pipe structures and glass fibers in a mold, preheating a polyurethane prepolymer, adding a chain extender and a defoaming agent, heating to a reaction temperature, pouring into the mold, and obtaining a single fiber bundle after cooling and solidifying molten polyurethane; thus completing the preparation of the water-lubricated bearing material.

6. The process for forming a water-lubricated bearing material according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of:

and 3, before the single fiber bundle is completely hardened in the high-temperature environment, winding the single fiber bundle for multiple circles according to the shape and the size of the water-lubricated bearing, and completely solidifying and hardening the material to obtain a fiber winding material, namely the water-lubricated bearing.

7. The molding process for a water-lubricated bearing material according to claim 5, wherein: in the step 1, the inner core forming process comprises the following steps: mixing the prepolymer of the polydimethylsiloxane and the curing liquid in proportion, removing air bubbles in the liquid in a vacuum environment, and standing for 0.5-2h in an oven at the temperature of 100-.

8. The molding process for a water-lubricated bearing material according to claim 7, wherein: in the step 1, the method for wrapping the inner core by the polyamide comprises the following steps: heating and melting the dried polyamide slices in a screw of an extruder, accurately metering and filtering by a metering pump, spraying filament yarns from spinneret orifices of a spinneret plate of the extruder, winding the filament yarns on the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material, and wrapping and curing the polydimethylsiloxane to form a conduit structure.

9. The molding process for a water-lubricated bearing material according to claim 8, wherein: in the step 1, the diameter of the strand silk is 0.15-0.30 mm.

10. The molding process for a water-lubricated bearing material according to claim 5, wherein: in step 2, a plurality of conduit structures are arranged in parallel, and the glass fibers are arranged in gaps between adjacent conduit structures.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of materials, relates to a bionic material and a forming process thereof, and particularly relates to a water-lubricated bearing material with a bionic iron plow wood structure and a forming process thereof.

Background

As the marine industry has developed, the volume and load carrying capacity of ships has increased, which means that ships require more powerful propulsion systems. The tail bearing is an important part of a ship propulsion system, and directly determines the reliability of the ship operation. The traditional ship tail bearing mainly adopts closed oil lubrication, but the leakage of the lubricating oil can not only pollute the sea, but also leave a track, and is not suitable for being put into use on military ships. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the lubricating medium of the bearing is changed from lubricating oil to water. Because water is used as a lubricant and has less pollution, the open type water lubrication bearing is gradually put into use and is widely popularized on military ships.

The major water lubricated bearing brands on the ship market today are Canada's "Sailon", Tenmat's "flying dragon" in the United kingdom, and Romor by Duramax in the United states, among others. The development of domestic water-lubricated bearing materials is not mature, the market share is small, and a lot of high-performance water-lubricated bearing materials of ships need to be imported from abroad. The water-lubricated bearing material for ships, which is independently developed in China, mainly comprises natural iron plough wood. The iron plough wood is a natural tree species, has the characteristics of compact and hard wood and large relative density, and has excellent mechanical strength. Less vibration and noise occurs during operation. Meanwhile, the complicated wood grading porous conduit structure in the iron plough wood is rich in a large amount of inclusions, the inclusions overflow in friction, and the secreted mucus improves the lubrication state of a friction pair. The iron plow wood has certain self-lubricating property, the promotion of the lubricating state of the friction pair also plays a certain protection role on the shaft, and the service life of the shaft is prolonged. Therefore, the iron plow wood is very suitable for being used as a construction material of the water lubrication bearing.

However, the iron plow wood has certain water swelling property, can absorb water to swell after being soaked in water for a long time, has certain reduction of mechanical property and short service life. Meanwhile, the iron plough is used as a precious broad-leaved tree species, and resources are very scarce. In the test comparison with the water lubrication bearing materials popular in other markets, the test results show that the friction performance of the iron plough wood material is inferior to that of materials such as a sialon and a flying dragon in the start-stop period of a ship, namely the working condition of low speed and heavy weight. Therefore, the research and development of the water-lubricated bearing material for replacing the iron plow is very important, the problems of insufficient service life and insufficient friction performance under specific working conditions are solved while the iron plow resource is protected, and a new choice is provided for the model selection of the preparation material of the water-lubricated bearing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide the following steps: the water-lubricated bearing material with the bionic iron plow wood structure is used for replacing the iron plow wood to form a water-lubricated bearing preparation material. The material can relieve the problem of shortage of the iron plough wood resources and can also solve the problems of insufficient service life of the iron plough wood and insufficient friction performance under specific working conditions.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

bionic iron plough wood structure

The water lubrication bearing material is characterized in that: the composite material comprises thermosetting polyurethane as a matrix, a catheter structure arranged in the matrix and fibers for reinforcement, wherein the catheter structure consists of polydimethylsiloxane as an inner core and polyamide wrapped on the surface of the inner core.

Further, the fibers are a plurality of glass fibers arranged in the same direction as the conduit structure.

Further, the polyamide is hot-melt drawn and then wound on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane to wrap the polydimethylsiloxane.

Further, the polydimethylsiloxane is in a long-strip rod shape.

A molding process of a water-lubricated bearing material of a bionic iron plough wood structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, preparing a polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material serving as an inner core by using a prepolymer of polydimethylsiloxane and a curing solution, and coating the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material with polyamide after melting to obtain a conduit structure;

step 2, fixing a plurality of guide pipe structures and glass fibers in a mold, preheating a polyurethane prepolymer, adding a chain extender and a defoaming agent, heating to a reaction temperature, pouring into the mold, and obtaining a single fiber bundle after cooling and solidifying molten polyurethane; thus completing the preparation of the water-lubricated bearing material.

Further, the forming process of the water-lubricated bearing material further comprises the following steps of:

and 3, before the single fiber bundle is completely hardened in the high-temperature environment, winding the single fiber bundle for multiple circles according to the shape and the size of the water-lubricated bearing, and completely solidifying and hardening the material to obtain a fiber winding material, namely the water-lubricated bearing.

Further, the high temperature environment in step 3 is 110-.

Further, in step 1, the inner core forming process comprises: mixing the prepolymer of the polydimethylsiloxane and the curing liquid in proportion, removing air bubbles in the liquid in a vacuum environment, and standing for 0.5-2h in an oven at the temperature of 100-.

Further, in step 1, the method for coating the inner core with polyamide comprises the following steps: heating and melting the dried polyamide slices in a screw of an extruder, accurately metering and filtering by a metering pump, spraying filament yarns from spinneret orifices of a spinneret plate of the extruder, winding the filament yarns on the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material, and wrapping and curing the polydimethylsiloxane to form a conduit structure.

Further, in the step 1, the diameter of the filament is 0.15-0.30 mm.

Further, in step 2, a plurality of conduit structures are arranged in parallel, and the glass fibers are arranged in the gaps between adjacent conduit structures.

Further, in step 2, the preheating temperature of the polyurethane prepolymer is 85-97 ℃, and the optimal preheating temperature is 90 ℃.

Further, in step 2, the polyurethane prepolymer is polyisocyanate, preferably toluene diisocyanate.

Further, in step 2, the reaction temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the optimal temperature is 110 ℃.

Further, in step 1, the polyamide is completely wrapped with the cured polydimethylsiloxane.

Further, in step 2, the glass fibers are placed in parallel with the duct structure between the slits of the duct structure.

Further, in step 3, in the winding process of the single fiber bundle, no gap can be formed between the fiber bundles, that is, the single fiber bundle is wound in a ring shape.

The solidified polydimethylsiloxane wrapped in the conduit structure can form a layer of lubricating film in the abrasion process, so that the self-lubricating property of the material is improved. The thermosetting polyurethane is used as a material matrix, so that the material has certain mechanical strength and wear resistance, the service life is prolonged, and the vibration and noise in the friction process are reduced. The glass fiber is added into the material matrix in an inserting and surrounding mode and is used for further enhancing the mechanical property of the material.

The pipe structure in the fiber winding material contains cured polydimethylsiloxane, and the fiber winding material can play a similar self-lubricating role with the contents in the iron-plough multi-layer pipe structure. The cured polydimethylsiloxane has lower hardness, can be quickly damaged under the working condition of low speed and heavy load to form a stable lubricating film between the friction pairs, and solves the problem that the prior iron plow wood material has lower friction performance under the working condition of low speed and heavy load.

The fiber winding material matrix is thermosetting polyurethane, has strong mechanical property and certain bearing capacity and elasticity, and can reduce vibration and noise in work. Meanwhile, the thermosetting polyurethane has low water expansibility, and the problem that the mechanical property of the original iron plough wood material is reduced after the original iron plough wood material is soaked for a long time is solved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a water-lubricated bearing material with a bionic iron plow structure and a forming process thereof, and abandons the traditional iron plow as a building material of a water-lubricated bearing. A water-lubricated bearing material formed by winding thermosetting polyurethane as a material matrix and cured polydimethylsiloxane as an inclusion is designed. The bionic iron plough wood porous conduit structure and the inclusions retain the advantages of high mechanical strength and strong self-lubricating property of the iron plough wood, and simultaneously relieve short plates with insufficient water swelling property, friction property under specific working conditions, resource shortage and the like. According to the invention, through the water-lubricated bearing material with the bionic iron plow wood structure and the forming process thereof, the mechanical property of the material is improved, the service life of the material is prolonged, and the abrasion of a friction pair is reduced. The invention has simple manufacture, low cost and simple use, and is suitable for the propulsion system of ships using the open water lubrication bearing.

The water-lubricated bearing material with the bionic iron plow wood structure simulates the natural structure of the iron plow wood in the aspects of mechanical property, self-lubricating property and the like, and mainly simulates the porous conduit structure and inclusions of the iron plow wood. Compared with the traditional natural iron plow, the water-lubricated bearing material with the bionic iron plow structure has the advantages of simple preparation and low cost, has the characteristics of hard material and strong self-lubricating property of the existing natural iron plow, and avoids the defects of strong water swelling property, short service life and resource shortage of the natural iron plow. The forming process is mature in technology, low in cost, high in automation of the operation process and completely controllable. The water-lubricated bearing material with the bionic iron plow wood structure and the forming process thereof can provide reference for material selection of water-lubricated bearing preparation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a microscopic structure view of a plow shoe

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a portion of a guide tube of a water-lubricated bearing material of a bionic iron plow wood structure.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single fiber bundle of a water-lubricated bearing material with a bionic iron plow wood structure.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a water-lubricated bearing formed by winding a single fiber bundle.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a molding process of the water-lubricated bearing material of the present invention.

1-thermoset polyurethane, 2-glass fiber, 3-tubing structure, 31-polydimethylsiloxane, 32-polyamide, 4-single fiber bundle.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the invention provides a water-lubricated bearing material with a bionic iron plow wood structure, which comprises thermosetting polyurethane 1 as a matrix, a conduit structure 3 arranged in the matrix and fibers for reinforcement, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane 31 is in a long bar shape; the catheter structure 3 is composed of polydimethylsiloxane 31 serving as an inner core and polyamide wrapped on the surface of the inner core. The fibers are a plurality of glass fibers 2, and the plurality of glass fibers 2 are arranged in the same direction as the conduit structure 3. Gaps among the plurality of fibers are filled and fixed by thermosetting polyurethane 1 and strip-shaped glass fibers 2. The invention takes the thermosetting polyurethane 1 as the substrate, can play a role of good bearing force, has good mechanical property, and simultaneously has certain abrasion capability, and slowly leaks out of the inner conduit structure 3 in the gradual abrasion process to realize self-lubricating property. The wall material of the conduit structure 3 is polyamide with strong wear resistance, the inner core is polydimethylsiloxane material with good self-lubricating property, and the water-lubricated bearing material has good mechanical property and self-lubricating property simultaneously through a composite structure.

The invention provides a preparation method of a careless guide rail structure, and polyamide is wound on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane to wrap the polydimethylsiloxane after hot melting and wire drawing.

Example 1:

the invention also provides a forming process of the water-lubricated bearing material with the bionic iron plough wood structure, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing an inner core: the prepolymer and the curing liquid of the polydimethylsiloxane are prepared according to the following weight percentage of 10: 1, then removing air bubbles in the liquid in a vacuum environment, and finally standing for 1h in an oven at 120 ℃. Wrapping an inner core, heating and melting the dried polyamide slices in a screw of an extruder, accurately metering and filtering by a metering pump, spraying a strand silk with the diameter of 0.15-0.30 mm from a spinneret orifice of a spinneret plate of the extruder, winding the strand silk on the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material, and wrapping and curing polydimethylsiloxane to form a conduit structure;

step 2, fixing a plurality of gathered conduit structures and glass fibers in a mold, heating toluene diisocyanate (TDI, namely polyurethane prepolymer) to 90 ℃, then adding a chain extender (M-CDEA) and an organic silicon defoamer, heating to 110 ℃, finally pouring into the mold, and obtaining a single fiber bundle 4 after cooling and solidifying the molten polyurethane;

and 3, before the single fiber bundle 4 is completely hardened in the high-temperature environment, winding the single fiber bundle 4 for multiple turns according to the shape and the size of the water-lubricated bearing, and completely solidifying and hardening the material to obtain a fiber winding material, namely the water-lubricated bearing.

Example 2:

example 1: the invention also provides a forming process of the water-lubricated bearing material with the bionic iron plough wood structure, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing an inner core: the prepolymer and the curing liquid of the polydimethylsiloxane are prepared according to the weight ratio of 8: 1, then removing air bubbles in the liquid in a vacuum environment, and finally standing in an oven at 140 ℃ for 0.5 h. Wrapping an inner core, heating and melting the dried polyamide slices in a screw of an extruder, accurately metering and filtering by a metering pump, spraying a strand silk with the diameter of 0.15-0.30 mm from a spinneret orifice of a spinneret plate of the extruder, winding the strand silk on the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material, and wrapping and curing polydimethylsiloxane to form a conduit structure;

step 2, fixing a plurality of gathered conduit structures and glass fibers in a mold, heating toluene diisocyanate (TDI, namely polyurethane prepolymer) to 95 ℃, adding a chain extender (M-CDEA) and an organic silicon defoamer, heating to 120 ℃, pouring into the mold, and cooling and solidifying the molten polyurethane to obtain a single fiber bundle 4;

and 3, before the single fiber bundle 4 is completely hardened in the high-temperature environment, winding the single fiber bundle 4 for multiple turns according to the shape and the size of the water-lubricated bearing, and completely solidifying and hardening the material to obtain a fiber winding material, namely the water-lubricated bearing.

Example 3:

example 1: the invention also provides a forming process of the water-lubricated bearing material with the bionic iron plough wood structure, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing an inner core: prepolymer of polydimethylsiloxane and curing liquid are prepared according to the following weight ratio of 11: 1, then removing air bubbles in the liquid in a vacuum environment, and finally standing for 0.5h in an oven at the temperature of 110 ℃. Wrapping an inner core, heating and melting the dried polyamide slices in a screw of an extruder, accurately metering and filtering by a metering pump, spraying a strand silk with the diameter of 0.15-0.30 mm from a spinneret orifice of a spinneret plate of the extruder, winding the strand silk on the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane rod-shaped material, and wrapping and curing polydimethylsiloxane to form a conduit structure;

step 2, fixing a plurality of gathered conduit structures and glass fibers in a mold, heating toluene diisocyanate (TDI, namely polyurethane prepolymer) to 95 ℃, adding a chain extender (M-CDEA) and an organic silicon defoamer, heating to 100 ℃, pouring into the mold, and cooling and solidifying the molten polyurethane to obtain a single fiber bundle 4;

and 3, before the single fiber bundle 4 is completely hardened in the high-temperature environment, winding the single fiber bundle 4 for multiple turns according to the shape and the size of the water-lubricated bearing, and completely solidifying and hardening the material to obtain a fiber winding material, namely the water-lubricated bearing.

In the process of winding and wrapping the inner core by the strand silk, the amide completely wraps the cured polydimethylsiloxane. During the winding of the individual fiber bundles 4 no gaps can occur between the fiber bundles. The glass fiber is parallel to the conduit structure and is arranged between the gaps of the conduit structure.

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that it can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.