阅读说明：本技术 一种高压水热预处理的垃圾堆肥及制备方法 (High-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment garbage compost and preparation method thereof ) 是由 李鸣晓 于承泽 侯佳奇 张军平 叶美瀛 于 2021-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种高压水热预处理的垃圾堆肥：1)将多源有机垃圾物料混合,并进行破碎处理,得到颗粒状多源有机垃圾混合物料；2)破碎后物料调节含水率,在密闭反应釜内进行高温高压水热预处理,初步降解原料中难降解物质；3)将水热预处理后的物料接种纤维素降解菌剂、全提取菌剂作为起爆微生物,与发酵堆肥产物进行反混,接种堆肥成品中的微生物,接种后混合均匀作为发酵原料；4)将发酵原料混合均匀,调节含水率至60％,将物料加热到初始温度为50℃后,以通气流量为0.2L/min进行通气后开始堆肥,堆肥过程持续10天,期间每12h翻堆一次；5)堆肥发酵结束,经由造粒机制备颗粒后进行分装。本发明还公开了制备上述垃圾堆肥的方法。(A high pressure hydrothermal pretreated waste compost: 1) mixing multi-source organic garbage materials, and crushing to obtain granular multi-source organic garbage mixed materials; 2) adjusting the water content of the crushed materials, and performing high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment in a closed reaction kettle to preliminarily degrade refractory substances in the raw materials; 3) inoculating a cellulose degrading microbial inoculum and a full-extraction microbial inoculum serving as initiating microorganisms to the material subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment, performing back mixing with a fermented compost product, inoculating the microorganisms in a compost finished product, and uniformly mixing after inoculation to serve as a fermentation raw material; 4) uniformly mixing fermentation raw materials, adjusting the water content to 60%, heating the materials to an initial temperature of 50 ℃, ventilating at a ventilation flow of 0.2L/min, and starting composting, wherein the composting process lasts for 10 days, and the composting process is turned once every 12 h; 5) and (5) after the compost fermentation is finished, preparing granules by a granulator and then subpackaging. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the garbage compost.)

1. A high-pressure hydrothermal pretreated waste compost is obtained by the following method:

1) crushing treatment: mixing multi-source organic garbage materials, and crushing to obtain granular multi-source organic garbage mixed materials;

2) hydrothermal pretreatment: adjusting the water content of the crushed materials, and performing high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment in a closed reaction kettle to preliminarily degrade refractory substances in the raw materials;

3) and (3) microbial inoculation: inoculating a cellulose degrading microbial inoculum and a full-extraction microbial inoculum serving as initiating microorganisms to the material subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment, performing back mixing with a fermented compost product, inoculating the microorganisms in a compost finished product, and uniformly mixing after inoculation to serve as a fermentation raw material;

4) aerobic fermentation: uniformly mixing fermentation raw materials, adjusting the water content to 60%, heating the materials to an initial temperature of 50 ℃, ventilating at a ventilation flow of 0.2L/min, and starting composting, wherein the composting process lasts for 10 days, and the composting process is turned once every 12 h;

5) and (3) subpackaging products: and (4) obtaining the organic fertilizer after the composting fermentation is finished, preparing particles by a granulator, and then subpackaging.

2. A method of preparing the waste compost of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) crushing treatment: mixing multi-source organic garbage materials, and crushing to obtain granular multi-source organic garbage mixed materials;

2) hydrothermal pretreatment: adjusting the water content of the crushed materials, and performing high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment in a closed reaction kettle to preliminarily degrade refractory substances in the raw materials;

3) and (3) microbial inoculation: inoculating a cellulose degrading microbial inoculum and a full-extraction microbial inoculum to the pretreated material as initiating microorganisms, performing back mixing with a fermented compost product, inoculating the microorganisms in a compost finished product, and uniformly mixing after inoculation as a fermentation raw material;

4) aerobic fermentation: uniformly mixing fermentation raw materials, adjusting the water content to 60%, heating the materials to an initial temperature of 50 ℃, ventilating at a ventilation flow of 0.2L/min, and starting composting, wherein the composting process lasts for 10 days, and the composting process is turned once every 12 h;

5) and (3) subpackaging products: and (4) obtaining the organic fertilizer after the composting fermentation is finished, preparing particles by a granulator, and then subpackaging.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the high temperature and high pressure hydrothermal pretreatment is carried out in a closed high temperature and high pressure reaction kettle, the reaction temperature is 150 ℃, and the reaction time is 12 h.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the reaction vessel is made of a sealed polytetrafluoroethylene lining and an integral stainless steel shell, and the shell is reinforced and sealed by a flange fastener.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the hardly degradable substances in the raw material are lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cellulose-degrading bacterial agent comprises four bacteria of the group consisting of Bacillus sp.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the total extract bacteria is a total extract bacteria of all microorganisms in the compost finished product, and the back mixing of the compost finished product is the microorganisms introduced into the compost finished product, so as to achieve the microbial initiation effect.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of solid waste recycling, and particularly relates to high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment garbage compost.

The invention also relates to a method for preparing the garbage compost.

Background

The rural organic waste has wide sources, and comprises domestic organic garbage, crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and the like. Promoting the treatment of multisource organic garbage in rural areas and realizing the multisource cooperative composting utilization of rural waste are very slow problems. Because the rural population distribution is not centralized, the rural distribution area is strong, and the rural organic waste sources are wide, the rural waste treatment needs to be treated and applied on site. The method for mixing and composting the rural wastes of different sources can reasonably utilize resources and reduce the transportation cost.

Due to the particularity of the source of the rural organic garbage, the content of lignin and cellulose in the garbage is high, and the method becomes a great problem in the compost degradation process. The degradation performance of the high-pressure hydrothermal reaction on lignin and cellulose is widely accepted, and the hydrothermal pretreatment is applied to the pretreatment of the early stage of composting, so that the polymerization degree of the cellulose and the lignin can be effectively reduced, the existing form of the cellulose and the lignin is changed, the composting period is greatly shortened, and the composting efficiency is improved. Aiming at the problems of wide sources and different components of rural organic garbage, the content of straw waste, household garbage and livestock manure is adjusted in a multisource mode, and a multisource organic pollutant proportion system is constructed. Aiming at multisource organic wastes with different cellulose and lignin contents, the time and the temperature of hydrothermal pretreatment are adjusted to achieve the maximum benefit. And adding aerobic composting bacteria into the pretreated raw materials to quickly decompose organic substances to form high-quality compost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment waste compost.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned waste compost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment garbage compost provided by the invention is obtained by the following method:

1) crushing treatment: mixing multi-source organic garbage materials, and crushing to obtain granular multi-source organic garbage mixed materials;

2) hydrothermal pretreatment: adjusting the water content of the crushed materials, and performing high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment in a closed reaction kettle to preliminarily degrade refractory substances in the raw materials;

3) and (3) microbial inoculation: inoculating a cellulose degrading microbial inoculum and a full-extraction microbial inoculum serving as initiating microorganisms to the material subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment, performing back mixing with a fermented compost product, inoculating the microorganisms in a compost finished product, and uniformly mixing after inoculation to serve as a fermentation raw material;

4) aerobic fermentation: uniformly mixing fermentation raw materials, adjusting the water content to 60%, heating the materials to an initial temperature of 50 ℃, ventilating at a ventilation flow of 0.2L/min, and starting composting, wherein the composting process lasts for 10 days, and the composting process is turned once every 12 h;

5) and (3) subpackaging products: and (4) obtaining the organic fertilizer after the composting fermentation is finished, preparing particles by a granulator, and then subpackaging.

The method for preparing the garbage compost, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:

1) crushing treatment: mixing multi-source organic garbage materials, and crushing to obtain granular multi-source organic garbage mixed materials;

2) hydrothermal pretreatment: adjusting the water content of the crushed materials, and performing high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment in a closed reaction kettle to preliminarily degrade refractory substances in the raw materials;

3) and (3) microbial inoculation: inoculating a cellulose degrading microbial inoculum and a full-extraction microbial inoculum to the pretreated material as initiating microorganisms, performing back mixing with a fermented compost product, inoculating the microorganisms in a compost finished product, and uniformly mixing after inoculation as a fermentation raw material;

4) aerobic fermentation: uniformly mixing fermentation raw materials, adjusting the water content to 60%, heating the materials to an initial temperature of 50 ℃, ventilating at a ventilation flow of 0.2L/min, and starting composting, wherein the composting process lasts for 10 days, and the composting process is turned once every 12 h;

5) and (3) subpackaging products: and (4) obtaining the organic fertilizer after the composting fermentation is finished, preparing particles by a granulator, and then subpackaging.

The method comprises the step of carrying out high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment in a sealed high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, wherein the reaction temperature is 150 ℃, and the reaction time is 12 hours.

In the method, the reaction kettle is made of a sealed polytetrafluoroethylene lining and an integral stainless steel shell, and the shell is reinforced and sealed through a flange buckle.

In the method, the substances difficult to degrade in the raw material are lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.

The method, wherein the cellulose-degrading bacterial agent comprises four bacteria of Bacillus sp, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Brevibacillus borstelensis and Aspergillus sp.

In the method, the total extraction bacteria are total extraction microbial inoculum of all microorganisms in the compost finished product, and the back mixing of the compost finished product is the microorganisms introduced into the compost finished product, so that the microbial initiation effect is achieved.

The invention has the following advantages:

1) the method has the advantages that the hydrothermal pretreatment is carried out on lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and other substances which are difficult to degrade in the composting process, the composting time is effectively shortened, and the composting can be completed in about 10 days to form a compost finished product.

2) The content of lignin in the compost product is low, the content of cellulose and hemicellulose is low, the compost quality is greatly improved, and the environmental benefit is increased.

3) The invention can adjust the temperature and time of hydrothermal pretreatment and microbial inoculum adjustment in aerobic composting process aiming at multisource organic domestic garbage of different sources, has low investment cost and is easy to realize large-scale mass production.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below.

The invention can greatly shorten the composting time, can effectively finish the pretreatment work of lignin and cellulose in the compost, realize the rapid composting of multisource organic wastes, form high-quality compost products and reasonably utilize resources. The cellulose lignin is pretreated, the running time in the composting process is reduced, and the economic and environmental benefits are good.

Specifically, the method provided by the invention mainly comprises the following steps:

1) crushing treatment: mixing multi-source organic garbage materials, and crushing to obtain granular multi-source organic garbage mixed materials;

2) hydrothermal pretreatment: adjusting the water content of the crushed materials, and performing high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment in a closed reaction kettle to preliminarily degrade refractory substances such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the raw materials; the high-temperature high-pressure pretreatment process is carried out in a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, the temperature is 150 ℃, and the reaction time is 12 hours; the reaction kettle is made of a sealed polytetrafluoroethylene lining and an integral stainless steel shell, and the shell is reinforced and sealed through a flange buckle;

3) and (3) microbial inoculation: inoculating a cellulose degrading microbial inoculum and a full-extraction microbial inoculum to the pretreated material as initiating microorganisms, performing back mixing with a fermented compost product, inoculating the microorganisms in a compost finished product, and uniformly mixing after inoculation as a fermentation raw material; cellulose degrading bacterial agents include four bacteria, i.e. Bacillus sp, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Brevibacillus borstelensis and Aspergillus sp; the fully-extracted bacteria are fully-extracted microbial inoculum of all microorganisms in the compost finished product, and the back mixing of the compost finished product is the microorganisms introduced into the compost finished product, so that the microbial detonation effect is achieved;

4) aerobic fermentation: uniformly mixing fermentation raw materials, adjusting the water content to 60%, heating the materials to an initial temperature of 50 ℃, ventilating at a ventilation flow of 0.2L/min, and starting composting, wherein the composting process lasts for 10 days, and the composting process is turned once every 12 h;

5) and (3) subpackaging products: and (4) obtaining the organic fertilizer after the composting fermentation is finished, preparing particles by a granulator, and then subpackaging.

The method for composting the garbage by high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment has short decomposition period, and only needs 10 to 12 days; the fertilizer efficiency of the produced fertilizer is better, the lignin content is reduced by 162mg/g compared with the traditional compost in the same time, and the microbial community diversity in the composting process is larger than that of the traditional compost. The enzymatic activities of ligninase, cellulase, hemicellulase and the like in the composting process are higher and far higher than that of the traditional composting.

The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.