阅读说明：本技术 一种压力机重载滚珠丝杠轴向精密游隙控制结构及方法 (Axial precise clearance control structure and method for heavy-load ball screw of press machine ) 是由 余俊 余来胜 王刚 赵祥 张凯 杨杰 宋文灿 于 2021-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种压力机重载滚珠丝杠轴向精密游隙控制结构及方法,该结构包括从下而上依次设于压力机重载滚珠丝杠顶部外螺纹上的月牙配磨垫圈、锁紧螺母以及同时设于月牙配磨垫圈和锁紧螺母外圈的月牙锁紧卡环；锁紧螺母的侧面设有环形槽,月牙锁紧卡环上设有与环形槽相配套的凸台；月牙锁紧卡环固定在压力机转子上,围住月牙配磨垫圈；本发明通过重载滚珠丝杠上端面的百分表数据观察重载滚珠丝杠和滑块的运动是否平稳顺畅,据此对月牙锁紧卡环和月牙配磨垫圈的上表面同等量反复磨配,进而将重载滚珠丝杠上端面的轴向游隙控制在最小范围内；本发明结构简单,操作方便快捷,大大提高了压力机重载滚珠丝杠轴向游隙调整精度和效率。(The invention discloses an axial precise clearance control structure and method for a heavy-duty ball screw of a press machine, wherein the structure comprises a crescent matched grinding washer and a locking nut which are sequentially arranged on an external thread at the top of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press machine from bottom to top, and a crescent locking snap ring which is simultaneously arranged on the crescent matched grinding washer and the outer ring of the locking nut; an annular groove is formed in the side face of the locking nut, and a boss matched with the annular groove is arranged on the crescent locking clamping ring; the crescent locking snap ring is fixed on the rotor of the press machine and surrounds the crescent matched grinding washer; according to the invention, whether the movement of the heavy-load ball screw and the slide block is stable and smooth is observed through dial indicator data of the upper end surface of the heavy-load ball screw, so that the upper surfaces of the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent matched grinding washer are repeatedly ground and matched in the same quantity, and the axial clearance of the upper end surface of the heavy-load ball screw is controlled in a minimum range; the axial clearance adjusting device is simple in structure and convenient and quick to operate, and greatly improves the axial clearance adjusting precision and efficiency of the heavy-load ball screw of the press machine.)

1. The utility model provides a press heavily carries accurate play control structure of ball screw axial which characterized in that: the press machine comprises a machine body (6), a heavy-load ball screw (1) arranged in a middle cavity of the machine body (6), screw threads, screw nuts and a sliding block which are arranged on the heavy-load ball screw (1), a power bearing assembly, a rotor (12) and an axial clearance control structure which are arranged on the heavy-load ball screw (1); wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the axial clearance control structure comprises two crescent grinding-matching gaskets (17) arranged on the rotor (12), a locking nut (16) arranged above the two crescent grinding-matching gaskets (17) and a crescent locking snap ring (14) simultaneously arranged on the outer rings of the crescent grinding-matching gaskets (17) and the locking nut (16);

an annular groove (161) is formed in the side face of the locking nut (16), a boss (141) matched with the annular groove (161) is arranged on the crescent locking snap ring (14), and the crescent wear-matching washer (17) and the outer circle of the locking nut (16) are radially fastened through clamping and locking of the boss (141) and the annular groove (161);

crescent moon locking snap ring (14) are fixed on rotor (12), make lock nut (16) can only beat in heavily loaded ball's axial play within range heavily loaded ball (1) up end is beaten the percentage table, observes and takes notes the smooth and easy condition of heavily loaded ball upper end percentage table run-out data and heavily loaded ball and slider motion, and is right in view of the above crescent moon locking snap ring (14) with crescent moon match-grinding packing ring (17) is with the equal quantity repeated wear-fit, will heavily loaded ball (1) is fixed with minimum axial critical play developments on fuselage (6).

2. The axial precise play control structure of a heavy-duty ball screw of a press machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the same-equivalent wear distribution amount of the crescent wear distribution gasket (17) and the crescent locking snap ring (14) is 0.01-0.02 mm each time.

3. The axial precise play control structure of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the annular groove (161) enables the locking nut (16) to form an upper convex ring and a lower convex ring, namely a first convex ring (162) far away from the crescent wear-matching gasket (17) and a second convex ring (163) close to the crescent wear-matching gasket (17);

the outer circle of the crescent matched grinding gasket (17) is the same as the outer circle of the second convex ring (163) in diameter.

4. The axial precise play control structure of a heavy-duty ball screw of a press machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: before the crescent grinding gasket (17) and the crescent locking clamping ring (14) are ground, the width of the boss (141) is the same as that of the annular groove (161), and the height of the boss (141) is the same as that of the annular groove (161);

the initial manufacturing thickness of the crescent locking clamping ring (14) is the sum of the initial manufacturing thickness of the crescent wear-matching gasket (17), the width of the second convex ring (163) and the width of the annular groove (161).

5. The press machine heavy-duty ball screw axial precision play control structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the two crescent grinding-matching gaskets (17) are arranged on the outer circle of the thread section at the upper part of the heavy-duty ball screw (1), and the two crescent grinding-matching gaskets (17) form a circular ring shape around the outer wall of the heavy-duty ball screw (1);

the locking nut (16) is fastened at the upper part of the heavy-duty ball screw (1) and is positioned above the crescent grinding gasket (17);

the crescent locking snap ring (14) and the crescent wear-matching washer (17) are both wire-cut crescent semicircles divided into two parts, and the division openings of the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent wear-matching washer are perpendicular to each other so as to prevent the crescent wear-matching washer (17) arranged on the inner ring from falling off during rotation.

6. The press machine heavy-duty ball screw axial precision play control structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the power bearing assembly comprises a copper alloy thrust bearing (2), a thrust roller bearing (3), a cylindrical roller bearing assembly (5) and a thrust roller bearing (9) which are sequentially sleeved on the heavy-load ball screw (1);

the upper end surface of the thrust roller bearing (3) is precisely positioned on the inner step end surface of the machine body (6);

the cylindrical roller bearing assembly (5) is arranged on the inner wall of the machine body (6), the outer wall of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly (5) is positioned in a main hole of the machine body, the inner wall of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly is matched with the heavy-load ball screw (1), and then the outer wall of the heavy-load ball screw (1) is precisely positioned in the machine body (6) in the radial direction;

and a first roller bearing spacer bush (4) and a second roller bearing spacer bush (11) are respectively arranged at two ends of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly (5) and used for controlling the axial clearance of the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly (5).

7. The axial precise play control structure of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: one end of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly (5) close to the second roller bearing spacer bush (11) is provided with a mounting seat (8) for controlling the outer ring play of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly (5) so that the outer ring is axially fixed or a small gap is reserved;

the lower end face of the mounting seat (8) is coplanar with the upper end face of the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly (5);

the excircle of the mounting seat (8) is precisely mounted on a precise step surface of the main hole of the machine body (6), and one surface of the precise step is perpendicular to the main hole of the machine body (6);

the inner circle of the mounting seat (8) is precisely mounted on the outer wall of the heavy-load ball screw (1).

8. The axial precise play control structure of a heavy-duty ball screw of a press machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the mounting seat (8) are parallel;

the thrust roller bearing (9) is arranged on the upper end surface of the mounting seat (8), so that the precision of the machine body perpendicular to the end surface of the main hole is transferred to the thrust roller bearing (9);

install rotor mount pad (10) above thrust roller bearing (9), rotor mount pad (10) cover is located on the excircle of heavily loaded ball (1).

9. The axial precise play control structure of a heavy-duty ball screw of a press machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: the rotor (12) is arranged on the rotor mounting seat (10), and the rotor (12) is connected with the outer wall of the heavy-load ball screw (1) through a key block (13);

the rotor (12) can bear the locking force of the locking nut (16), and the vertical precision of the mounting seat (8) is indirectly transmitted to the heavy-load ball screw (1) through the locking nut (16).

10. The axial precise clearance control method for the heavy-load ball screw of the press machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the application of the axial precise play control structure of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps:

s100: before debugging, the upper surfaces of the crescent wear-matching gasket (17) and the crescent locking snap ring (14) are ground for 0.01-0.02 mm in a same-quantity matching mode respectively, then the crescent wear-matching gasket and the crescent locking snap ring are sequentially installed on the heavy-load ball screw (1), and the crescent locking snap ring (14) and the rotor (12) are fixed, so that the axial clearance A of the heavy-load ball screw (1) is 0.01-0.02 mm;

s200: then starting a press machine tool, drilling a dial indicator on the upper end surface of the heavy-duty ball screw (1), observing axial runout clearance data of the dial indicator during working, and simultaneously observing whether the heavy-duty ball screw (1) and a slide block move stably and smoothly, if the heavy-duty ball screw (1) and the slide block do not operate stably and smoothly, re-grinding the crescent locking snap ring (14) and the crescent grinding washer (17) by 0.01-0.02 mm respectively to increase the clearance;

s300: and repeating the operation in the step S200 until the smooth running of the heavy-load ball screw (1) and the slide block is observed, and finally controlling the axial clearance of the upper end surface of the heavy-load ball screw (1) within the minimum clearance range meeting the operation condition of the machine tool.

Technical Field

The embodiment of the invention belongs to the technical field of clearance control of screw presses, and particularly relates to an axial precise clearance control structure of a heavy-load ball screw of a press.

Background

A Screw Press (screen Press) is a generic term for a Press machine of a type that generates a pressure by rotating one or more sets of an outer bolt and an inner bolt in a frame. The screw press can be divided into two modes, one mode is a mode of applying torque to a screw to generate static pressure, and the other mode is a mode of concentrating the rotation energy of a fixed rotor on the screw for one-time molding; the former needs no large inertia rotor to store energy, only depends on the torque output by the motor, and is formed by low speed, no impact and quasi-static pressure, and the latter uses flywheel to accelerate rotation to store energy to press and form the workpiece.

When a pressure laboratory is used for metal blank forming experiments, a high-strength and high-rigidity screw press for numerical control experiments is needed to research metal forming, so that a theoretical dynamic model which is closer to an ideal working condition is needed to be established between each element of a formed part and each element of the screw press for experiments through a numerical control system; to establish the theoretical dynamic model close to the ideal working condition, the experimental screw press has to be required to have small deformation in the experimental process, namely, the axial play of the main screw transmission pair (ball screw pair) is small enough, so that the influence on the experimental result caused by the deformation of the experimental equipment can be reduced or eliminated as much as possible, and the accuracy of the dynamic model is ensured; it can be seen that the precise axial play control of the primary screw drive pair is a current problem.

The axial play control of the conventional numerical control direct-drive servo screw press adopts the thickness of making the adjusting gasket into an arithmetic series, and the gasket is directly replaced according to the striking abrasion condition, so that the numerical control direct-drive servo screw press is suitable for the condition of large axial clearance of machine types, and can maintain the stable clearance only by frequent replacement, and the requirement of the axial play precision of the screw press for metal blank forming experiments cannot be met. Therefore, a device capable of meeting the requirement of high-precision control of the axial clearance of the heavy-load ball screw of the screw press for forming metal blanks in laboratories is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides an axial precise clearance control structure of a heavy-duty ball screw of a press machine, wherein the heavy-duty ball screw is arranged in a screw press machine body, a power bearing assembly, a rotor and an axial clearance control structure are sequentially sleeved on the heavy-duty ball screw from bottom to top, an annular groove is arranged on the outer ring of a locking nut of the axial clearance control structure, a boss matched with the annular groove is arranged on a crescent locking snap ring, and the outer circle of a crescent matched grinding washer and the outer circle of the locking nut are radially fastened through the clamping and locking of the boss of the crescent locking snap ring and the annular groove, so that the locking nut can only jump in the axial clearance range, and further the heavy-duty ball screw is dynamically fixed on the press machine body through the axial clearance; during operation, a dial indicator is arranged on the upper end face of the heavy-duty ball screw, dial indicator jumping data (an ideal axial critical clearance value A of the heavy-duty ball screw) at the upper end of the heavy-duty ball screw are observed, axial jumping during operation is checked, whether the movement of the heavy-duty ball screw and the sliding block is stable and smooth is observed at the same time, the upper surfaces of the crescent locking clamping ring and the crescent matched grinding washer are repeatedly ground until the stable and smooth operation of the heavy-duty ball screw and the sliding block is observed, and finally the axial clearance of the upper end face of the heavy-duty ball screw is controlled within 0.10mm of the minimum range so as to meet the working condition of a machine tool; the axial clearance adjusting mechanism of the screw press is simple in structure, can solve the problem that the axial clearance adjusting precision of the axial clearance adjusting mechanism of the traditional screw press is low and cannot meet the requirement of controlling the axial clearance precision of the screw press for the metal blank forming experiment in a laboratory, is convenient and quick to operate, and greatly improves the axial clearance adjusting efficiency.

In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides an axial precise play control structure for a heavy-duty ball screw of a press machine, where the press machine includes a machine body, a heavy-duty ball screw disposed in a middle cavity of the machine body, screw threads, a screw nut, and a slider disposed on the heavy-duty ball screw, a power bearing assembly disposed on the heavy-duty ball screw, a rotor, and an axial play control structure; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the axial clearance control structure comprises two crescent grinding-matching washers arranged on the rotor, a locking nut arranged above the two crescent grinding-matching washers and a crescent locking snap ring simultaneously arranged on the crescent grinding-matching washers and the outer ring of the locking nut;

an annular groove is formed in the side face of the locking nut, a boss matched with the annular groove is arranged on the crescent locking clamping ring, and the crescent grinding gasket and the outer circle of the locking nut are radially fastened through clamping and locking of the boss and the annular groove;

crescent moon locking snap ring is fixed on the rotor, make lock nut can only beat in the axial play within range of heavy load ball screw the percentage table is beaten to heavy load ball screw up end, observes and takes notes the smooth and easy condition of heavy load ball screw upper end percentage table run-out data and heavy load ball screw and slider motion, and is right in view of the above crescent moon locking snap ring with crescent moon match-grinding packing ring is with the equal quantity is ground repeatedly, will heavy load ball is fixed with minimum axial critical play developments on the fuselage.

Furthermore, the same-equivalent wear distribution amount of the crescent wear distribution gasket and the crescent locking snap ring is 0.01-0.02 mm each time.

Furthermore, the annular groove enables the locking nut to form an upper convex ring and a lower convex ring which are respectively a first convex ring far away from the crescent wear-matching washer and a second convex ring close to the crescent wear-matching washer;

the diameter of the excircle of the crescent matched grinding gasket is the same as that of the excircle of the second convex ring.

Further, before the crescent grinding gasket and the crescent locking snap ring are ground, the width of the boss is the same as that of the annular groove, and the height of the boss is the same as that of the annular groove;

the initial manufacturing thickness of the crescent locking snap ring is the sum of the initial manufacturing thickness of the crescent wear-matching gasket, the width of the second convex ring and the width of the annular groove.

Furthermore, the two crescent grinding-matching washers are arranged at the outer circle of the thread section at the upper part of the heavy-load ball screw, and form a circular ring shape around the outer wall of the heavy-load ball screw;

the locking nut is fastened on the upper part of the heavy-duty ball screw and is positioned above the crescent grinding gasket;

the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent wear-matching washer are both crescent semicircles which are cut into two parts by wire, and the split openings of the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent wear-matching washer are perpendicular to each other to prevent the crescent wear-matching washer arranged on the inner ring from falling off when rotating.

Further, the power bearing assembly comprises a copper alloy thrust bearing, a thrust roller bearing, a cylindrical roller bearing assembly and a thrust roller bearing which are sequentially sleeved on the heavy-load ball screw;

the upper end surface of the thrust roller bearing is precisely positioned on the inner step end surface of the machine body;

the cylindrical roller bearing assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the machine body, the outer wall of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly is positioned in a main hole of the machine body, and the inner wall of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly is matched with the heavy-load ball screw, so that the outer wall of the heavy-load ball screw is precisely positioned in the machine body in the radial direction;

and the small areas of lubricating oil at the two ends of the cylindrical roller bearing combination are respectively provided with a first roller bearing spacer bush and a second roller bearing spacer bush which are used for controlling the axial clearance of the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing combination.

Furthermore, one end of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly, which is close to the second roller bearing spacer, is also provided with a mounting seat for controlling the outer ring play of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly, so that the outer ring is axially fixed or a small gap is reserved;

the lower end surface of the mounting seat is coplanar with the upper end surface of the cylindrical roller bearing combination outer ring;

the excircle of the mounting seat is precisely mounted on a precise step surface of the main hole of the machine body, and one surface of the precise step is perpendicular to the main hole of the machine body;

the inner circle of the mounting seat is precisely mounted on the outer wall of the heavy-load ball screw.

Furthermore, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the mounting seat are parallel;

the thrust roller bearing is arranged on the upper end surface of the mounting seat, so that the precision of the machine body perpendicular to the end surface of the main hole is transferred to the thrust roller bearing;

the thrust roller bearing is provided with a rotor mounting seat in an overlapped mode, and the rotor mounting seat is sleeved on the excircle of the heavy-load ball screw.

Further, the rotor is mounted on the rotor mounting seat, and the rotor is connected with the outer wall of the heavy-load ball screw through a key block;

the rotor can bear the locking force of the locking nut, and the vertical precision of the mounting seat is indirectly transmitted to the heavy-load ball screw through the locking nut.

The invention also provides a method for controlling the axial precise clearance of the heavy-load ball screw of the press, which comprises the following steps:

s100: before debugging, the upper surfaces of the crescent wear-matching gasket and the crescent locking snap ring are subjected to equal-quantity wear matching for 0.01-0.02 mm respectively, and then the crescent wear-matching gasket and the crescent locking snap ring are sequentially installed on the heavy-load ball screw and fixed with the rotor, so that the axial clearance A of the heavy-load ball screw 1 is 0.01-0.02 mm;

s200: then starting a press machine tool, drilling a dial indicator on the upper end surface of the heavy-duty ball screw, observing axial runout clearance data of the dial indicator during working, and simultaneously observing whether the heavy-duty ball screw and the slide block move stably and smoothly, if the heavy-duty ball screw and the slide block do not operate stably and smoothly, re-grinding the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent grinding washer by 0.01-0.02 mm respectively so as to increase the clearance;

s300: and repeating the operation in the step S200 until the stable and smooth running of the heavy-load ball screw and the slide block is observed, and finally controlling the axial minimum clearance of the upper end surface of the heavy-load ball screw within 0.10mm so as to meet the operation working condition of the machine tool.

In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the axial precise clearance control structure of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press machine, the annular groove is formed in the outer ring of the locking nut of the axial clearance control structure, the boss matched with the annular groove is formed on the crescent locking snap ring, the crescent matched grinding washer and the outer circle of the locking nut are radially fastened through clamping and locking of the boss of the crescent locking snap ring and the annular groove, and the crescent locking snap ring is fixed on the rotor, so that the locking nut can only jump in the axial clearance range, and the heavy-duty ball screw is dynamically fixed on the machine body through the axial clearance; during operation, a dial indicator is arranged on the upper end face of the heavy-duty ball screw, dial indicator jumping data (an ideal axial critical clearance value A of the heavy-duty ball screw) at the upper end of the heavy-duty ball screw are observed, axial jumping during operation is checked, whether the movement of the heavy-duty ball screw and the slide block is stable and smooth is observed at the same time, the upper surfaces of the crescent locking clamping ring and the crescent grinding washer are repeatedly ground until the stable and smooth operation of the heavy-duty ball screw and the slide block is observed, the axial critical clearance A is minimized, the working condition of a machine tool can be met, and finally the axial clearance of the upper end face of the heavy-duty ball screw is controlled in a minimum range; the axial clearance adjusting mechanism of the screw press is simple in structure, can solve the problem that the axial clearance adjusting precision of the axial clearance adjusting mechanism of the traditional screw press is low and cannot meet the requirement of controlling the axial clearance precision of the screw press for the metal blank forming experiment in a laboratory, is convenient and quick to operate, and greatly improves the axial clearance adjusting efficiency.

(2) According to the axial precise clearance control structure of the heavy-load ball screw of the press machine, the axial clearance of the heavy-load ball screw is adjusted, only a dial indicator is required to be arranged on the upper end face of the heavy-load ball screw, the dial indicator jumping data (an ideal axial critical clearance value A of the heavy-load ball screw) at the upper end of the heavy-load ball screw is observed, the axial jumping during working is checked, and whether the movement of the heavy-load ball screw and the sliding block is stable and smooth is observed at the same time, so that the upper surfaces of the crescent locking clamping ring and the crescent matched grinding washer are repeatedly ground and matched by 0.01-0.02 mm in the same amount, and finally the axial clearance of the upper end face of the heavy-load ball screw is controlled within the minimum range of 0.10mm, so that the high-precision control of the axial clearance of the heavy-load ball screw of the screw press machine for experiments is met.

(3) According to the axial precise play control structure of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press machine, the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent wear-matching washer are both crescent semicircles which are divided into two parts by linear cutting, and the division openings of the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent wear-matching washer are mutually vertical, so that the crescent wear-matching washer arranged on the inner ring can be prevented from falling off when rotating.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an axial precision play control structure of a heavy-duty ball screw of a press machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the position B in FIG. 1 (before the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent wear-matching washer are worn) of the axial precise play control structure of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press machine according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the position B in FIG. 1 (after the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent wear-fit washer are worn) of the axial precise play control structure of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press machine according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for controlling axial precision play of a heavy-duty ball screw of a press according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: 1-heavy-load ball screw, 2-copper alloy thrust bearing, 3-thrust roller bearing, 4-roller bearing spacer bush, 5-cylindrical roller bearing combination, 6-machine body, 7-screw, 8-mounting seat, 9-thrust ball bearing, 10-rotor mounting seat, 11-roller bearing spacer bush, 12-rotor mounting seat, 13-flat key, 14-crescent locking snap ring, 141-boss, 15-screw, 16-nut locking, 161-annular groove, 162-first convex ring, 163-second convex ring and 17-crescent matched grinding washer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, when an element is referred to as being "fixed to", "disposed on" or "provided on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element; the terms "mounted," "connected," and "provided" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "length", "width", "thickness", "depth", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the axial precise play control structure for a heavy-duty ball screw of a press machine provided by the invention is used for controlling the axial precise play of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press machine, and the press machine comprises a machine body 6, the heavy-duty ball screw 1 arranged in a middle cavity of the machine body 6, screw threads, a screw nut and a slide block arranged on the heavy-duty ball screw 1, a power bearing assembly sleeved on the heavy-duty ball screw 1, a rotor 12 and an axial play control structure; the axial clearance control structure comprises two crescent wear-matching washers 17 arranged on the rotor 12, a locking nut 16 arranged on the two crescent wear-matching washers 17, and a crescent locking snap ring 14 arranged on the outer rings of the crescent wear-matching washers 17 and the locking nut 16; when the press machine works, the press machine applicable to the invention adopts the permanent magnet synchronous motor with large torque to directly drive the high-precision heavy-load ball screw pair to run, then the slide block matched with the heavy-load ball screw nut is pushed to reciprocate up and down along the precise machine body guide rail, and the large torque of the motor is directly converted into the static pressure and energy of the die arranged on the slide block to the test piece, so that the test piece is deformed. The invention sets up the control structure of axial play on the heavy-duty ball screw of the screw press, set up the ring channel on the outer lane of the lock nut, set up the boss matching with ring channel on the crescent locking snap ring at the same time, lock and carry on the radial fastening with the excircle of lock nut in crescent matched with the grinding washer through the block of boss and ring channel of the crescent locking snap ring; the crescent locking snap ring is fixed on the rotor, so that the locking nut can only jump in the axial clearance range of the heavy-duty ball screw, a dial indicator is arranged on the upper end face of the heavy-duty ball screw, the jump data of the dial indicator at the upper end of the heavy-duty ball screw and the stable state of the movement of the sliding block are observed, accordingly, the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent matched grinding washer are repeatedly ground and matched in the same quantity, and the heavy-duty ball screw is dynamically fixed on the machine body with the minimum axial critical clearance; the axial clearance adjusting mechanism of the screw press is simple in structure, and can solve the problem that the axial clearance adjusting precision of the axial clearance adjusting mechanism of the traditional screw press is low and cannot meet the requirement of controlling the axial clearance precision of the screw press for a laboratory metal blank forming experiment; the operation is convenient and fast, and the axial clearance adjusting efficiency is greatly improved.

Further, as shown in fig. 1-3, the dynamic bearing assembly includes a copper alloy thrust bearing 2, a thrust roller bearing 3, a cylindrical roller bearing assembly 5 and a thrust roller bearing 9, which are sequentially sleeved on the heavy-duty ball screw 1; the lower end of the heavy-load ball screw 1 is provided with a screw rod thread, and a screw rod nut and a sliding block are arranged on the screw rod thread; under the drive of a direct drive motor, the heavy-load ball screw 1 synchronously rotates, and then drives a slide block to move to press a test piece; the end surface of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 close to the lower end is a conical surface, and the copper alloy thrust bearing 2 and the thrust roller bearing 3 are sequentially sleeved and mounted on the end surface; the upper end surface of the thrust roller bearing 3 is precisely positioned on the inner step end surface of the machine body 6; the copper alloy thrust bearing 2 and the thrust roller bearing 3 are used for bearing upward axial force; when the slider is down, during the lathe suppression test piece, the forming force is transmitted for heavily loaded ball 1 by the screw nut in the slider, through copper alloy thrust bearing 2 and thrust roller bearing 3 are given to the big conical surface transmission pressure of heavily loaded ball 1 lower part, transmit fuselage 6 then, owing to have suitable accurate axial internal clearance, rotary motion is done in the transmission forming force to copper alloy thrust bearing 2 and thrust roller bearing 3.

Further, as shown in fig. 1-3, the cylindrical roller bearing assembly 5 is disposed on an inner wall of the machine body 6, an outer wall of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly 5 is positioned in a main hole of the machine body, and the inner wall is matched with the heavy-duty ball screw 1, so that the outer wall of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 is precisely positioned in the machine body 6 in a radial direction; a high-precision cylindrical roller bearing combination 5 is selected to keep a precise and proper radial clearance with the heavy-duty ball screw 1 and the machine body 6, so that the heavy-duty ball screw 1 can be precisely rotated under the driving of a motor; a first roller bearing spacer 4 and a second roller bearing spacer 11 are respectively arranged in small lubricating oil areas at two ends of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly 5 and used for controlling the axial clearance of an inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly 5, and a mounting seat 8 is further arranged at one end, close to the second roller bearing spacer 11, of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly 5 and used for controlling the outer ring clearance of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly 5 so that the outer ring is axially fixed or a small gap is reserved; the lower end surface of the mounting seat 8 is coplanar with the upper end surface of the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing assembly 5; the excircle of the mounting seat 8 is precisely mounted on a precise step surface of the main hole of the machine body 6, and the precise step surface is perpendicular to the main hole; the inner circle of the mounting seat 8 is precisely mounted on the outer wall of the heavy-load ball screw 1; a large thrust roller bearing 9 for bearing axial force is arranged on the upper end surface of the mounting seat 8; a rotor mounting seat 10 is superposed on the thrust roller bearing 9, and the rotor mounting seat 10 is sleeved on the excircle of the heavy-load ball screw 1; the rotor 12 is mounted on the rotor mounting seat 10, and the rotor 12 is connected with the outer wall of the heavy-load ball screw 1 through a key block 13; the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the mounting seat 8 are absolutely parallel, so that the precision (vertical to a main hole) of the end surface of the machine body is transferred to the thrust roller bearing 9 which bears the axial force at the upper end of the machine body; the rotor mounting seat 10 is used for bearing the gravity of the rotor; the rotor 12 is used for bearing the locking force of the locking nut 16, and indirectly transmits the vertical precision of the mounting seat 8 to the heavy-load ball screw 1 through the locking nut 16.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the axial play control structure is mounted on the rotor 12; the two crescent grinding-matching washers 17 are arranged on the outer circle of the thread section on the upper part of the heavy-duty ball screw 1, and the two crescent grinding-matching washers 17 form a circular ring shape around the outer wall of the heavy-duty ball screw 1; the locking nut 16 is fastened on the upper part of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 and is positioned above the crescent grinding washer 17; the crescent locking snap ring 14 and the crescent wear-matching washer 17 are both crescent semicircles which are cut into two parts by wire, and the split openings of the crescent locking snap ring and the crescent wear-matching washer 17 are vertical to each other to prevent the crescent wear-matching washer 17 arranged on the inner ring from falling off during rotation; the side surface of the locking nut 16 is provided with an annular groove 161; the crescent locking snap ring 14 is provided with a boss 141, and the boss 141 can be arranged in the annular groove; the during operation is in proper order install crescent match grinding packing ring 17, lock nut 16 and crescent lock snap ring 14 on the heavy-duty ball 1 crescent match grinding packing ring 17's excircle with install on lock nut 16's the ring channel crescent lock snap ring 14, crescent lock snap ring 14 passes through screw 15 to be fixed on rotor 12, has blocked so lock nut 16 makes it can only beat in the axial play within range, has also enclosed crescent match grinding packing ring 17, so will heavy-duty ball 1 is fixed with certain critical play developments of axial on the fuselage 6.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, before the grinding of the crescent grinding washer 17 and the crescent locking snap ring 14, the width L1 of the boss 14 is the same as the width L2 of the annular groove 161, and the height h1 of the boss 141 is the same as the depth h2 of the annular groove 161 (wherein, the width direction is the longitudinal central axis direction of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 in fig. 1, and the height and depth directions are the radial axis directions of the heavy-duty ball screw 1); the annular groove 161 allows the lock nut 16 to form two collars, a first collar 162 and a second collar 163; the outer circle of the crescent matched grinding washer 17 is the same as the outer circle of the second convex ring 163 of the locking nut 16 in diameter; assuming that the initial manufacturing thickness of the crescent antifriction washer 17 is H1 and the initial manufacturing thickness of the crescent locking snap ring 14 is H2, the initial manufacturing thickness H2 of the crescent locking snap ring 14 is the sum of the initial manufacturing thickness of the crescent antifriction washer 17, H1, the width L3 of the second convex ring 163 and the width L4 of the annular groove 161 (where the thickness direction is the longitudinal central axis direction of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 in fig. 1), and at this time, the axial clearance a of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 is 0; when the axial clearance of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 needs to be adjusted, after the upper surfaces of the crescent grinding washer 17 and the crescent locking snap ring 14 are ground for 0.01-0.02 mm in an equal amount, the crescent grinding washer 17, the locking nut 16 and the crescent locking snap ring 14 are sequentially installed on the heavy-duty ball screw 1, and screws are installed, wherein the axial clearance A of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 is 0.01-0.02 mm or slightly more; then starting the machine tool at a low speed to enable a slide block of the machine tool to contact a test piece or an obstacle on a working table, enabling the slide block to move up and down, enabling the heavy-load ball screw 1 to rotate, simultaneously drilling a dial indicator on the upper end surface of the heavy-load ball screw 1, observing dial indicator jumping data (an ideal heavy-load ball screw axial critical clearance value A) at the upper end of the heavy-load ball screw 1, checking axial jumping during working, and simultaneously observing whether the movement of the heavy-load ball screw 1 and the slide block is stable and smooth, if the operation is not stable and smooth, then re-grinding the crescent locking snap ring 14 and the crescent grinding washer 17 by 0.01-0.02 mm respectively to increase the clearance; repeating the above operation, thinning the match-grinding repeatedly with 0.01 ~ 0.02mm in proper order crescent moon locking snap ring 14 with the upper surface of crescent moon match-grinding packing ring 17, until observing the steady smooth and easy operation of heavily loaded ball 1 and slider makes axial critical play A minimum, can satisfy the lathe operating mode again, finally makes the axial play control of heavily loaded ball up end within 0.10mm of minimum scope.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, after the crescent wear-matching washer 17 and the crescent locking snap ring 14 are worn, a distance of a minimum axial clearance a is reserved between the upper surface of the crescent wear-matching washer 17 and the lower surface of the second convex ring 163; the distance between the upper surface of the crescent locking snap ring 14 and the lower surface of the first convex ring 162 also keeps the minimum axial clearance A; the minimum axial play A does not exceed 0.1mm, so that the union nut 16 can only axially jump within the axial minimum play range of 0.1 mm; in order to ensure the play accuracy, the manufacturing accuracy is strictly controlled, and scraping for error compensation is necessary when assembling the assembly.

As shown in fig. 4, the method for controlling the axial precise clearance of the heavy-duty ball screw of the press provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

s100: before debugging, after the upper surfaces of the crescent wear-matching washer 17 and the crescent locking snap ring 14 are ground for 0.01-0.02 mm in the same quantity, the crescent wear-matching washer 17, the locking nut 16 and the crescent locking snap ring 14 are sequentially installed on the heavy-duty ball screw 1, and the crescent locking snap ring 14 is fixed with the rotor 12, so that the axial clearance A of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 is 0.01-0.02 mm;

s200: then starting the press machine at a low speed, enabling a machine tool slide block to contact a test piece or an obstacle on a working table and move up and down to drive the heavy-load ball screw 1 to rotate, simultaneously drilling a dial indicator on the upper end surface of the heavy-load ball screw 1, observing axial runout clearance data (an ideal axial critical clearance value A of the heavy-load ball screw) when the dial indicator works, and simultaneously observing whether the movement of the heavy-load ball screw 1 and the slide block is stable and smooth, if the operation is not stable and smooth, re-grinding the crescent locking snap ring 14 and the crescent grinding washer 17 by 0.01-0.02 mm respectively to increase the clearance;

s300: and repeating the operation in the previous step until the stable and smooth running of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 and the slide block is observed, and finally controlling the axial clearance of the upper end surface of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 within the minimum clearance range meeting the operation condition of the machine tool.

The invention provides a working principle of an axial precise clearance control structure of a heavy-load ball screw of a press machine, which comprises the following steps: the numerical control direct-drive servo screw press for the laboratory is characterized in that a high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor directly drives a high-precision heavy-load ball screw pair to run, and then a sliding block matched with a heavy-load ball screw nut is pushed to reciprocate up and down along a precise machine body guide rail; the permanent magnet synchronous motor has low working speed, and the large torque of the motor is directly converted into the static pressure and energy of a die arranged on the sliding block to a test piece, so that the test piece is deformed; the main force transmission part of the numerical control direct drive type servo screw press for the laboratory is a high-precision heavy-load ball screw pair, and the heavy-load ball screw bears axial pressure; the minimum axial critical clearance of the heavy-duty ball screw 1 is to ensure that the heavy-duty ball screw 1 can normally rotate, and the heavy-duty ball screw 1 cannot rotate with resistance or be stuck because the clearance is too small, and as experimental equipment, the numerical value is required to be as small as possible; however, to achieve this goal, it is only possible to design and select all the designs related to the parts according to a higher level of precision; after the related parts are installed, the superposition of design and manufacturing errors of all parts and the result of copying are all reflected on the rotation precision of the heavy-load ball screw 1; through the mode of match grinding relevant parts, can relate to the axial play, each part design and manufacturing error and stack error carry out compensation and solidification, realize the control to the minimum axial critical play of heavily loaded ball.

The working speed of the screw press is 75 r/min-150 r/min; the debugging speed for adjusting the axial clearance during the match grinding is 50 r/min-100 r/min.

The axial precise clearance control structure and method for the heavy-duty ball screw of the press not only can be used for controlling the axial clearance of the heavy-duty ball screw of the screw press formed by metal blanks in a laboratory, but also can be used for controlling the axial clearances of other press ball screws with precision requirements.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.