阅读说明：本技术 一种夏季降低奶牛体细胞饲粮 (Feed capable of reducing somatic cells of dairy cows in summer ) 是由 王剑 项阳 陈文银 宁波 易华山 于 2021-03-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种夏季降低奶牛体细胞饲粮,包括草料薏苡草72.46％、稻草10.43％和精料17.11％；所述精料主要由以下成分组成：玉米53.35％、麦麸14.99％、豆粕18.48％、菜籽饼6.99％、小苏打1％、磷酸氢钙0.8％、氧化镁0.4％、盐1％、预混料2.5％、脱酶剂0.5％；所述预混料主要由以下成分组成：维生素A6.68％、维生素D32.202％、维生素21％、烟酸10.51％、硫酸铜2.664％、硫酸亚铁11％、硫酸锰7.33％、硫酸锌5.791％、氯化钴0.85％、碘酸钙0.667％、亚硒酸钠1.11％；所述脱酶剂主要由以下成分组成：硫酸铜0.833％、硫酸亚铁6.66％、硫酸锌5.791％、硫酸锰7.33％、亚硒酸钠1.11％、碘化钾0.336％、纳米级蒙脱石Smectite51.15％、双极性硅铝酸盐亚硒酸钠2.11％、益生菌6.73％、维生素18％。本发明满足奶牛营养需求,提高了奶牛免疫力增强夏季抗热应激能力,提高了泌乳牛产奶量和乳品质而降低奶牛体细胞。(The invention discloses a forage for reducing somatic cells of dairy cows in summer, which comprises 72.46% of forage coix seed, 10.43% of straw and 17.11% of concentrate; the concentrate mainly comprises the following components: 53.35% of corn, 14.99% of wheat bran, 18.48% of soybean meal, 6.99% of rapeseed cake, 1% of baking soda, 0.8% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4% of magnesium oxide, 1% of salt, 2.5% of premix and 0.5% of enzyme removing agent; the premix mainly comprises the following components: 6.68% of vitamin A, 32.202% of vitamin D, 21% of vitamin, 10.51% of nicotinic acid, 2.664% of copper sulfate, 11% of ferrous sulfate, 7.33% of manganese sulfate, 5.791% of zinc sulfate, 0.85% of cobalt chloride, 0.667% of calcium iodate and 1.11% of sodium selenite; the enzyme removing agent mainly comprises the following components: copper sulfate 0.833%, ferrous sulfate 6.66%, zinc sulfate 5.791%, manganese sulfate 7.33%, sodium selenite 1.11%, potassium iodide 0.336%, nanoscale montmorillonite Smitete 51.15%, bipolar aluminosilicate sodium selenite 2.11%, probiotics 6.73%, and vitamins 18%. The invention meets the nutritional requirement of the dairy cow, improves the immunity of the dairy cow, enhances the heat stress resistance of the dairy cow in summer, improves the milk yield and the milk quality of the lactating cow and reduces the somatic cells of the dairy cow.)

1. The feed for reducing the somatic cells of dairy cows in summer is characterized in that: comprises 72.46 percent of forage coix seed grass, 10.43 percent of straw and 17.11 percent of fine material;

the concentrate mainly comprises the following components: 53.35% of corn, 14.99% of wheat bran, 18.48% of soybean meal, 6.99% of rapeseed cake, 1% of baking soda, 0.8% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4% of magnesium oxide, 1% of salt, 2.5% of premix and 0.5% of enzyme removing agent;

the premix mainly comprises the following components: 6.68% of vitamin A, 32.202% of vitamin D, 21% of vitamin, 10.51% of nicotinic acid, 2.664% of copper sulfate, 11% of ferrous sulfate, 7.33% of manganese sulfate, 5.791% of zinc sulfate, 0.85% of cobalt chloride, 0.667% of calcium iodate and 1.11% of sodium selenite;

the enzyme removing agent mainly comprises the following components: copper sulfate 0.833%, ferrous sulfate 6.66%, zinc sulfate 5.791%, manganese sulfate 7.33%, sodium selenite 1.11%, potassium iodide 0.336%, nanoscale montmorillonite Smitete 51.15%, bipolar aluminosilicate sodium selenite 2.11%, probiotics 6.73%, and vitamins 18%.

2. The summer dairy cow somatic cell reduction diet according to claim 1, wherein: the forage coix seed grass comprises the following nutritional ingredients: 16.7 of dry matter, 11.9 of crude protein, 1 of acid washing insoluble protein, 10.9 of effective crude protein, 20 percent of soluble protein in total protein, 3.5 of neutral washing insoluble protein, 42.1 of acid washing fiber, 64.5 of neutral washing fiber, 5.8 of lignin, 10.9 of non-fiber carbohydrate, 1.1 of starch, 1.9 of fat, 10.8 of ash, 52 of total digestible nutrient, 0.91Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 0.91Mcal/Kg of net maintenance energy, 0.36Mcal/Kg of net weight gain, 0.51 of calcium, 0.27 of phosphorus, 0.28 of magnesium, 2.53 of potassium, 0.17 of sulfur, 0.15 of methionine and 0.41 of lysine.

3. The summer dairy cow somatic cell reduction diet according to claim 1, wherein: the bean pulp contains the following nutritional ingredients: 88.1 of dry matter, 49.5 of crude protein, 32 percent of soluble protein in total protein, 25 percent of acid washing fiber, 11.45 percent of neutral washing fiber, 29.39 percent of non-fiber carbohydrate, 1.3 percent of fat, 8.36 percent of ash, 76 percent of total digestible nutrient, 1.73Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 1.81Mcal/Kg of net maintenance energy, 1.18Mcal/Kg of net weight gain energy, 0.55 percent of calcium, 0.73 percent of phosphorus, 0.36 percent of magnesium, 2.45 percent of potassium, 0.42 percent of sulfur, 0.71 percent of methionine and 3.11 percent of lysine.

4. The summer dairy cow somatic cell reduction diet according to claim 1, wherein: the straw comprises the following nutritional components: 92.8% of dry matter, 7.5% of crude protein, 0.7% of acid washing insoluble protein, 6.8% of effective crude protein, 16% of soluble protein in the total protein, 1.2% of neutral washing insoluble protein, 45.2% of acid washing fiber, 51.2% of neutral washing fiber, 3.7% of lignin, 25.39% of non-fiber carbohydrate, 1.1% of starch, 1.5% of fat, 14.41% of ash, 50% of total digestible nutrient, 0.86Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 0.86Mcal/Kg of net energy maintenance, 0.32Mcal/Kg of net energy weight gain, 0.54% of calcium, 0.2% of phosphorus, 0.25% of magnesium, 2.4% of potassium, 0.23% of sulfur, 0.09% of methionine and 2.18% of lysine.

5. The summer dairy cow somatic cell reduction diet according to claim 1, wherein: the rapeseed cake comprises the following nutritional components: 94.1 of dry matter, 42.1 of crude protein, 25.3 of acid detergent fiber, 34.93 of neutral detergent fiber, 8.48 of non-fiber carbohydrate, 6.6 of fat, 7.29 of ash, 77 of total digestible nutrient, 1.78Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 1.87Mcal/Kg of net maintenance energy, 1.23Mcal/Kg of net weight gain energy, 0.65 of calcium, 1.17 of phosphorus, 0.52 of magnesium, 1.34 of potassium, 0.88 of sulfur, 0.8 of methionine and 2.4 of lysine.

6. The summer dairy cow somatic cell reduction diet according to claim 1, wherein: the wheat bran contains the following nutritional ingredients: 89% of dry matter, 18.7% of crude protein, 0.7% of acid washing insoluble protein, 18% of effective crude protein, 40% of soluble protein in the total protein, 3% of neutral washing insoluble protein, 17.8% of acid washing fiber, 45.78% of neutral washing fiber, 3% of lignin, 25.04% of non-fiber carbohydrate, 17.1% of starch, 13.9% of fat, 6.58% of ash, 69% of total digestible nutrient, 1.6Mcal/Kg of lactation net energy, 1.56Mcal/Kg of maintenance net energy, 0.97Mcal/Kg of weight net energy, 0.18% of calcium, 0.97% of phosphorus, 0.42% of magnesium, 1.26% of potassium, 0.18% of sulfur, 0.3% of methionine and 0.51% of lysine.

7. The summer dairy cow somatic cell reduction diet according to claim 1, wherein: the wheat bran contains the following nutritional ingredients: 85.5% of dry matter, 7.7% of crude protein, 69% of soluble protein in total protein, 4.9% of acid detergent fiber, 12.4% of neutral detergent fiber, 74.38% of non-fiber carbohydrate, 68.4% of starch, 4.2% of fat, 1.68% of ash, 87% of total digestible nutrient, 2.06Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 2.24Mcal/Kg of net energy maintenance, 1.55Mcal/Kg of net energy weight gain, 0.03% of calcium, 0.31% of phosphorus, 0.13% of magnesium, 0.46% of potassium, 0.11% of sulfur, 0.13% of methionine and 0.28% of lysine.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of healthy breeding feed for dairy cows, in particular to a feed for reducing somatic cells of dairy cows in summer.

Background

Global climate change due to greenhouse effect seriously threatens the dairy industry. The heat stress milk yield is seriously reduced in summer, and the loss caused by heat stress cost and the death and culling rate of the dairy cows is prevented. In addition, the residue of antibiotics in animal products has caused a significant problem in recent years, requiring the development of antibiotic-free aquaculture feeds. Under the requirement, the development of the heat stress resistant feed formula of the coix lacryma-jobi has been carried out. The coixseed is a natural plant with heat stress resistance, contains nutrient substances (leucine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine and lysine) and medicines (polysaccharide, polyester and flavone), particularly has the functions of resisting inflammation and reducing fever, and therefore, the coixseed is a coarse feed which can improve the immunity of dairy cows, improve the resistance to heat stress and has no resistance to cultivation and high utilization value. Heat stress in cows in summer is manifested by a decrease in milk production and a decrease in milk quality, such as an increase in somatic cells in particular.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provide the feed for reducing the somatic cells of the dairy cows in summer.

The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:

a feed for reducing somatic cells of dairy cattle in summer comprises forage Coix lacryma-jobi 72.46%, straw 10.43% and concentrate 17.11%;

the concentrate mainly comprises the following components: 53.35% of corn, 14.99% of wheat bran, 18.48% of soybean meal, 6.99% of rapeseed cake, 1% of baking soda, 0.8% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4% of magnesium oxide, 1% of salt, 2.5% of premix and 0.5% of enzyme removing agent;

the premix mainly comprises the following components: 6.68% of vitamin A, 32.202% of vitamin D, 21% of vitamin, 10.51% of nicotinic acid, 2.664% of copper sulfate, 11% of ferrous sulfate, 7.33% of manganese sulfate, 5.791% of zinc sulfate, 0.85% of cobalt chloride, 0.667% of calcium iodate and 1.11% of sodium selenite;

the enzyme removing agent mainly comprises the following components: copper sulfate 0.833%, ferrous sulfate 6.66%, zinc sulfate 5.791%, manganese sulfate 7.33%, sodium selenite 1.11%, potassium iodide 0.336%, nanoscale montmorillonite Smitete 51.15%, bipolar aluminosilicate sodium selenite 2.11%, probiotics 6.73%, and vitamins 18%.

Wherein the forage coix seed grass comprises the following nutritional ingredients: 16.7 of dry matter, 11.9 of crude protein, 1 of acid washing insoluble protein, 10.9 of effective crude protein, 20 percent of soluble protein in total protein, 3.5 of neutral washing insoluble protein, 42.1 of acid washing fiber, 64.5 of neutral washing fiber, 5.8 of lignin, 10.9 of non-fiber carbohydrate, 1.1 of starch, 1.9 of fat, 10.8 of ash, 52 of total digestible nutrient, 0.91Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 0.91Mcal/Kg of net maintenance energy, 0.36Mcal/Kg of net weight gain, 0.51 of calcium, 0.27 of phosphorus, 0.28 of magnesium, 2.53 of potassium, 0.17 of sulfur, 0.15 of methionine and 0.41 of lysine.

Wherein the bean pulp contains the following nutritional components: 88.1 of dry matter, 49.5 of crude protein, 32 percent of soluble protein in total protein, 25 percent of acid washing fiber, 11.45 percent of neutral washing fiber, 29.39 percent of non-fiber carbohydrate, 1.3 percent of fat, 8.36 percent of ash, 76 percent of total digestible nutrient, 1.73Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 1.81Mcal/Kg of net maintenance energy, 1.18Mcal/Kg of net weight gain energy, 0.55 percent of calcium, 0.73 percent of phosphorus, 0.36 percent of magnesium, 2.45 percent of potassium, 0.42 percent of sulfur, 0.71 percent of methionine and 3.11 percent of lysine.

Wherein the straw comprises the following nutritional components: 92.8% of dry matter, 7.5% of crude protein, 0.7% of acid washing insoluble protein, 6.8% of effective crude protein, 16% of soluble protein in the total protein, 1.2% of neutral washing insoluble protein, 45.2% of acid washing fiber, 51.2% of neutral washing fiber, 3.7% of lignin, 25.39% of non-fiber carbohydrate, 1.1% of starch, 1.5% of fat, 14.41% of ash, 50% of total digestible nutrient, 0.86Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 0.86Mcal/Kg of net energy maintenance, 0.32Mcal/Kg of net energy weight gain, 0.54% of calcium, 0.2% of phosphorus, 0.25% of magnesium, 2.4% of potassium, 0.23% of sulfur, 0.09% of methionine and 2.18% of lysine.

Wherein, the nutrient content of the rapeseed cake is as follows: 94.1 of dry matter, 42.1 of crude protein, 25.3 of acid detergent fiber, 34.93 of neutral detergent fiber, 8.48 of non-fiber carbohydrate, 6.6 of fat, 7.29 of ash, 77 of total digestible nutrient, 1.78Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 1.87Mcal/Kg of net maintenance energy, 1.23Mcal/Kg of net weight gain energy, 0.65 of calcium, 1.17 of phosphorus, 0.52 of magnesium, 1.34 of potassium, 0.88 of sulfur, 0.8 of methionine and 2.4 of lysine.

Wherein, the wheat bran contains the following nutrient components: 89% of dry matter, 18.7% of crude protein, 0.7% of acid washing insoluble protein, 18% of effective crude protein, 40% of soluble protein in the total protein, 3% of neutral washing insoluble protein, 17.8% of acid washing fiber, 45.78% of neutral washing fiber, 3% of lignin, 25.04% of non-fiber carbohydrate, 17.1% of starch, 13.9% of fat, 6.58% of ash, 69% of total digestible nutrient, 1.6Mcal/Kg of lactation net energy, 1.56Mcal/Kg of maintenance net energy, 0.97Mcal/Kg of weight net energy, 0.18% of calcium, 0.97% of phosphorus, 0.42% of magnesium, 1.26% of potassium, 0.18% of sulfur, 0.3% of methionine and 0.51% of lysine.

Wherein, the wheat bran contains the following nutrient components: 85.5% of dry matter, 7.7% of crude protein, 69% of soluble protein in total protein, 4.9% of acid detergent fiber, 12.4% of neutral detergent fiber, 74.38% of non-fiber carbohydrate, 68.4% of starch, 4.2% of fat, 1.68% of ash, 87% of total digestible nutrient, 2.06Mcal/Kg of net lactation energy, 2.24Mcal/Kg of net energy maintenance, 1.55Mcal/Kg of net energy weight gain, 0.03% of calcium, 0.31% of phosphorus, 0.13% of magnesium, 0.46% of potassium, 0.11% of sulfur, 0.13% of methionine and 0.28% of lysine.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. the feed formula is based on scientific configuration of the growth physiological requirements and the nutritional and energy requirements of the replacement cows of the dairy cows; the cattle bred by the coix lacryma-jobi grass feed formula developed by the research is fed, and the control group of the whole silage corns is adopted, after the cattle is fed for 40 days, the production of the cattle of the coix lacryma-jobi grass group is fast, and the weight index shows that the average body weight of the coix lacryma-jobi grass group is about 10 kilograms higher than that of the whole silage group.

2. The feed can stimulate replacement cattle to establish a good immune system, and is a reserve for late mating and lactation; through immunoglobulin determination and cytokine-related gene expression analysis, amino acids and medicinal components (amino acids, flavones and polyphenols) in the cow feed after the formula is fed are proved to act on the cow immune system activation-related regulatory genes so as to increase the release of immune factors and immunoglobulin.

3. The natural disease-resistant feed effectively protects the health of the dairy cows and reduces the incidence rate and the death and culling rate of diseases.

4. Effectively control the pH of rumen without acidosis.

5. The intestinal tract has good microbial diversity and is healthier; the intestinal microorganisms of the experimental animal body are influenced and changed by the coix lacryma; microbial differences between whole silage and coix grass were demonstrated by 16S sRNA sequencing and aromatic index estimation.

6. The milk production indexes and the somatic cell number, including high-point production day, milk loss, the somatic cell number, the milk yield, the high-temperature milk yield, the milk fat rate and the milk protein prove that the coix lacryma feeding group reduces the somatic cells of the dairy cows and has good milk production performance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comparison between a group of grown cattle Job's tears and a whole silage weight gain in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of cytokines and immunoglobulins of the Coix lacryma-jobi group and the whole silage group according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a first schematic view showing the difference between the microorganisms of the Coix lacryma-jobi bred group and the whole silage group according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a second schematic view showing the difference between the microorganisms of the Coix lacryma-jobi bred group and the whole silage group in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of milk production performance and somatic cell assay Coix lacryma-jobi (blue) group and whole silage group of lactating cows according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Examples

A feed for reducing somatic cells of dairy cattle in summer comprises 72.46% of coix lacryma-jobi, 10.43% of straw, 9.16% of corn, 2.57% of wheat bran, 3.17% of soybean meal, 1.2% of rapeseed cakes, 0.17% of baking soda, 0.14% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.17% of salt, 0.43% of premix and 0.09% of enzyme remover;

the premix mainly comprises the following components: 6.68% of vitamin A, 32.202% of vitamin D, 21% of vitamin, 10.51% of nicotinic acid, 2.664% of copper sulfate, 11% of ferrous sulfate, 7.33% of manganese sulfate, 5.791% of zinc sulfate, 0.85% of cobalt chloride, 0.667% of calcium iodate and 1.11% of sodium selenite;

the enzyme removing agent mainly comprises the following components: copper sulfate 0.833%, ferrous sulfate 6.66%, zinc sulfate 5.791%, manganese sulfate 7.33%, sodium selenite 1.11%, potassium iodide 0.336%, nanoscale montmorillonite Smitete 51.15%, bipolar aluminosilicate sodium selenite 2.11%, probiotics 6.73%, and vitamins 18%.

The preparation method comprises pulverizing into segments, harvesting fresh herba Coicis semen, cutting straw, mixing herba Coicis semen and straw at a ratio of 7:2, and fermenting for 6 hr; processing and grinding other feed components as required; then mixing the forage and the concentrate.

The cow feed formula and the conventional feed feeding are compared, and the growth performance, the health index, the immunity, the acidosis, the intestinal microbial diversity and the milk production performance are compared.

Experiment time: 6 months in 2019-2020 and 6 months;

the implementation place is as follows: yunyang county forest grazing land;

product development: a feed for reducing somatic cells of dairy cows in summer;

the implementation indexes are as follows: growth performance, health index, immunity index, acidosis index, microbial diversity index, and milk production performance index;

experimental cattle farm: 300 lactating cows are in the cow;

the experimental data were analyzed by statistical software SAS.

The results are as follows:

1. growth Performance evaluation

TABLE 1 Effect of different feed formulations on weight gain of growing cattle

As shown in fig. 1.

2. Health and acidosis assessment

TABLE 2 hematological parameters for Coix lacryma-jobi and corn silage groups

3. Acidosis assessment

TABLE 3 blood gas analysis

4. Immunity assessment

As shown in fig. 2.

5. Intestinal microbial diversity assessment

As shown in fig. 3 and 4.

6 evaluation of lactation Performance and somatic cell differences in Dairy cows

As shown in fig. 5.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.