阅读说明：本技术 一种卫星蓄电池系统 (Satellite storage battery system ) 是由 向晓霞 杨峰 任维佳 杜健 于 2021-08-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种卫星蓄电池系统,至少包括：产能装置,用于将获取到的太阳能转化为电能向卫星的负载供电；储能装置,用于将产能单元转换出的电能储存以供卫星系统无法利用太阳能或所需功率超出太阳能供电装置的功率时使用；蓄电池组,设置于储能装置中用以配合太阳电池阵联合供电。储能装置至少还包括集成有专用IC芯片的蓄电池管理模块,去电性连接于蓄电池组以至少能够采集蓄电池组的电压和/或电流值从而控制蓄电池组的输入和/或输出功率。本发明将传统卫星电源系统的复杂电路简化至芯片级,所采用的专用IC芯片具有较强的适应性,适配各类蓄电池组合,满足商业卫星多样化的发展需求。(The invention relates to a satellite battery system, comprising at least: the energy production device is used for converting the acquired solar energy into electric energy to supply power to a load of the satellite; the energy storage device is used for storing the electric energy converted by the energy production unit so as to be used when the satellite system cannot utilize solar energy or the required power exceeds the power of the solar power supply device; and the storage battery pack is arranged in the energy storage device and is used for being matched with the solar cell array to jointly supply power. The energy storage device at least also comprises a storage battery management module integrated with a special IC chip, and the storage battery management module is electrically connected with the storage battery pack so as to be capable of collecting at least the voltage and/or current value of the storage battery pack to control the input and/or output power of the storage battery pack. The invention simplifies the complex circuit of the traditional satellite power supply system to the chip level, and the adopted special IC chip has stronger adaptability, is suitable for various storage battery combinations, and meets the development requirement of the diversification of commercial satellites.)

1. A satellite battery system comprising at least:

a power generation device (1) for converting the acquired solar energy into electric energy for storage or supplying power to a system load,

the energy storage device (2) is used for storing the electric energy converted by the energy generating device (1) for the satellite system to use when the solar energy cannot be utilized or the required power exceeds the power of the solar energy power supply device,

at least one storage battery (201) arranged in the energy storage device (2) and used for matching with the solar cell array (101) to supply power for system load,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the energy storage device (2) further comprises at least one battery management module (202), wherein the battery management module (202) is at least capable of being connected to the battery pack (201) in a manner of collecting voltage and/or current values of the battery pack (201) and controlling input and/or output power of the battery pack (201),

the storage battery management module (202) performs balance control on the storage battery pack (201) based on the following control strategies:

s1, when the charging voltage of any single battery in the storage battery pack (201) reaches the maximum allowable value at the corresponding charging end stage, recording the voltage values of all the single batteries at the same time, and stopping charging to ensure that the storage battery pack (201) keeps a relaxation or discharge state for at least part of time;

s3, calculating the average voltage of each single battery of the storage battery pack (201), and comparing the relation between the average voltage and the difference value between the maximum single voltage and the minimum single voltage, so that the balance control of the storage battery pack (201) is started at least when the difference value between the maximum single voltage and the minimum single voltage is larger than the average voltage;

wherein the average voltage at least comprises a plurality of segments of average voltages calculated based on different end stages of charging.

2. Accumulator system according to claim 1, characterized in that the point in time corresponding to the second end of charge is constantly updated and replaced on the basis of the deviation of the actual charge curve of the accumulator and that said updating or replacement is done by the system on the basis of the voltage values and/or capacity values recorded by the accumulator at the first and second end of charge.

3. Battery system according to claim 2, characterised in that the battery management module (202) controls the balancing of the battery pack (201) in a manner that includes passive balancing and active balancing, wherein,

the passive balance is balanced by starting a load resistance system corresponding to the selected single battery;

and the active equalization is configured to: and starting a discharging mode, and starting the equalizing charging mode only when the voltage value of any single battery is higher than the average threshold value.

4. Battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that the battery management module (202) is capable of balancing management of the battery pack (201) on the basis of a set balancing time and balancing current, wherein,

the setting of the balance time and the balance current is completed according to the average time required by the complete running of the single battery in the storage battery pack (201) for at least one cycle.

5. The battery system according to claim 4, characterized in that the battery management module (202) is able to stop the equalization control of the battery pack (201) at least when an equalization time is reached and/or when the voltage of the most charged cell reaches an end voltage at the end of the next charging cycle.

6. Battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that the energy production device (1) comprises at least a solar array (101) and an MPPT circuit (102), wherein,

at least one solar cell array (101) and at least one MPPT circuit (102) can be combined in different ways to form a basic energy production module of the energy production device (1) so as to adapt to different power supply requirements.

7. Battery system according to claim 6, characterised in that at least one of said battery management modules (202) and at least one of said battery packs (201) can be combined in different ways to form one basic energy storage module of said energy storage means (2) to adapt to different power supply requirements.

8. Battery system according to claim 7, characterised in that at least one of the basic energy storage modules and/or at least one basic energy production module can be combined on the basis of different types or numbers of solar cell arrays (101) and/or battery packs (201) in such a way that different energy storage or power supply requirements can be accommodated at least by changing at least one basic energy storage module and/or basic energy production module, wherein,

the basic energy storage modules and/or the basic energy generation modules which are formed based on different configuration modes output the same electric energy.

9. The battery system according to claim 8, characterized in that the battery management module (202) has a state detection and control protection circuit, the state detection circuit is capable of detecting the voltage and/or current value of the battery pack (201) and generating a relevant signal to be sent to the control protection circuit, and the control protection circuit is capable of controlling the connection and power supply relationship between the battery pack (201) and the bus based on the detection signal of the state detection circuit.

10. The accumulator system according to claim 9, characterized in that the MPPT circuit (102) is integrated with at least an MPPT chip capable of acquiring the voltage and/or current values of the bus to regulate the output power of the electric energy output to the energy storage device (2) by means of an MPPT control strategy, and the accumulator management module (202) is capable of acquiring the voltage and/or current values of the energy storage cells in the accumulator battery (201) to control the electric energy input to each energy storage cell of the accumulator battery (201) and/or the electric energy output to the load (3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of satellite power supply system design, in particular to a satellite storage battery system.

Background

With the development of commercial aerospace, more stringent requirements are put on commercial satellites, and the core requirements of the commercial satellites are as follows: the development cost is low, the development period is short, namely the business mode of commercial aerospace determines that the satellite needs to be shifted from single customization to productization, serialization and shelving, and therefore the design and development of the commercial satellite are required to have good adaptability and expandability. The satellite energy system is used as a large component of the satellite system, the requirements are the same, the adaptability is wide, and the expandability is strong, so that the satellite energy system is one of important design ideas of commercial satellite energy systems.

CN107579587B discloses an energy system suitable for LEO satellite and a control method thereof, comprising a solar cell array, an MPPT circuit unit, a storage battery, a capacitor array, a satellite platform load and a remote measuring and controlling unit; the MPPT circuit unit performs peak power tracking on a solar cell array according to a triple redundancy hot backup mode by adopting three DC-DC conversion modules connected in parallel, performs closed-loop control by adopting a majority voting control circuit, and generates a driving signal to perform closed-loop control on an MPPT circuit corresponding to each control circuit according to an output voltage signal and an output current signal of the solar cell array module and a voltage signal and a current signal of a storage battery pack so as to realize maximum power tracking on the solar cell array module and charge management on the storage battery pack. The solar cell array has the advantages of high utilization rate, high reliability and low system overhead.

CN110224390A discloses a power controller for a multi-bus voltage scalable micro-nano satellite, which includes a power regulation module or a plurality of power regulation modules connected in parallel to each other, and is used for outputting a load power of a set size; each power adjusting module comprises a plurality of power output units which are connected in parallel, each power output unit comprises a solar cell DC/DC circuit or a plurality of solar cell DC/DC circuits which are connected in series, each solar cell DC/DC circuit is provided with a solar cell unit and a DC/DC circuit connected with the solar cell unit, the DC/DC circuits are connected with an MPPT control module, and the MPPT control module is used for controlling the corresponding DC/DC circuits to work in an MPPT mode. The advantages are that: the power controller applicable to the multi-bus voltage extensible micro-nano satellite realizes the expansion of output voltage and output power promotion in a parallel and series mode, solves the problem of consistency caused by excessive serial number of input solar cells, and is a feasible way for bus power expansion.

CN103345169B discloses a solar array simulator power frame system, which includes a power model definition module, a configuration management module, and an equipment execution control module. The power supply model definition module finishes definition of power supply characteristics required in a satellite test process, the configuration management module analyzes and processes definition information and then sends the definition information to the equipment execution control module through the soft bus, and the equipment execution control module finishes control, state display, equipment information acquisition and change information feedback of the solar array simulator. The invention adopts the frame system to improve the development efficiency of the system, reduces the development and maintenance cost, has the characteristics of reusability and customization, can develop the power supply test system suitable for different satellites on the basis of the power supply frame system, and provides a universal, expandable and flexible system architecture for the whole satellite power supply test environment.

Even so, the battery modules currently used in satellite systems in the prior art still present at least one or several technical problems:

1. when a power supply system used by the existing satellite system implements charge-discharge balance and control protection of a charge-discharge loop on an energy storage battery pack, the circuit design and the arrangement mode are complex;

2. when an existing satellite system is used for designing a storage battery module and a protection control loop of the storage battery module, the existing satellite system is basically customized, namely, the existing satellite system is designed for each satellite singly, so that the adaptability and expandability of the existing satellite system are relatively poor, and the existing satellite system is not beneficial to diversified development requirements of modern commercial satellites;

3. the existing satellite system is poor in balance control effect on the storage battery, especially under the condition that low current is needed for charging and discharging, and meanwhile, when the high balance efficiency is kept, heat management and control on the storage battery are always needed to be taken into consideration.

Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the inventor has studied a lot of documents and patents when making the present invention, but the space is not limited to the details and contents listed in the above, however, the present invention is by no means free of the features of the prior art, but the present invention has been provided with all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a satellite battery system aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art and aiming at solving at least one or more technical problems in the prior art.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a satellite battery system including at least: the energy storage device comprises at least one energy storage unit, the storage battery pack adopts an integrated structure and is arranged in the at least one energy storage unit to be matched with a solar cell array for joint power supply.

Preferably, the energy storage device further comprises at least one dedicated IC chip, the IC chip and its supporting circuit are integrated in the energy storage device to form a battery management module, an output end of the battery management module is connected to the storage battery pack to at least be capable of collecting a voltage and/or a current value of the storage battery pack so as to control an input and/or an output power of the storage battery pack, wherein the IC chip is capable of adapting to different types and/or numbers of storage battery packs, so that when the IC chip is disposed in different satellite power systems, it can adapt to a power output characteristic of the corresponding satellite power system.

Preferably, the storage battery management module performs balance control on the storage battery pack based on the following control strategy:

a1, if the charging voltage of any single battery of the storage battery reaches the maximum allowable value at the end of charging, storing and recording the voltage values of all single batteries of the storage battery at the same time;

a2, stopping charging, and keeping the storage battery pack in a relaxation or discharge state at least in part of time;

a3, calculating the average voltage of each single battery of the storage battery pack, comparing the relation between the average voltage and the difference value between the maximum single voltage and the minimum single voltage, and starting the balance control of the storage battery pack when the difference value between the maximum single voltage and the minimum single voltage is larger than the average voltage;

preferably, the charging end stage includes at least a first charging end stage, a second charging end stage and a third charging end stage which are divided according to the charging voltage value or the slope change step point of the charging curve at different periods.

Preferably, the average voltage includes at least a first average voltage configured to be within a first charge end, a second average voltage within the first charge end and a second charge end, and a third average voltage within the second charge end and a third charge end in this order.

Preferably, the point in time corresponding to the second end of charge is continuously updated and replaced based on the deviation of the actual charge curve of the accumulator, and the updating or replacement is done by the system based on the voltage values and/or capacity values recorded by the accumulator at the first end of charge and at the second end of charge.

Preferably, the balancing control mode of the storage battery management module for the storage battery pack comprises passive balancing and active balancing.

Preferably, the passive balancing is performed by starting a load resistance system corresponding to the selected single battery; and active equalization is configured to: and starting a discharging mode, and starting the equalizing charging mode only when the voltage value of any single battery is higher than the average threshold value.

Preferably, the storage battery management module is capable of performing equalization management on the storage battery pack based on a set balancing time and a set balancing current, wherein the setting of the balancing time and the balancing current is performed according to an average time required by the complete operation of the single batteries in the storage battery pack for at least one cycle.

Preferably, the storage battery management module is capable of stopping the equalization control of the storage battery pack at least when the equalization time reaches and/or when the voltage of the single battery with the largest charge reaches the end voltage at the end of the next charging cycle.

Preferably, the power generation device at least comprises a solar cell array and an MPPT circuit.

Preferably, the at least one solar cell array and the at least one MPPT circuit can be combined in different ways to form a basic energy production module of the energy production device to adapt to different power supply requirements.

Preferably, the at least one battery management module and the at least one battery pack can be combined in different ways to form one basic energy storage module of the energy storage device to adapt to different power supply requirements.

Preferably, the at least one basic energy storage module and/or the at least one basic energy production module can be combined on the basis of different types or numbers of solar cell arrays and/or storage battery packs, so that different energy storage or power supply requirements can be adapted at least by changing the at least one basic energy storage module and/or the basic energy production module.

Preferably, the basic energy storage modules and/or the basic energy generation modules which are formed based on different configurations output the same electric energy.

Preferably, the storage battery management module is provided with a state detection and control protection circuit, the state detection circuit can detect the voltage and/or current value of the storage battery pack and generate a relevant signal to be sent to the control protection circuit, and the control protection circuit can control the connection and power supply relationship between the storage battery pack and the bus based on the detection signal of the state detection circuit.

Preferably, the MPPT circuit is integrated with the MPPT chip at least, and the MPPT chip can gather the voltage and/or the current value of the bus so as to adjust the output power of the electric energy output to the energy storage device through the MPPT control strategy, and the storage battery management module can gather the voltage and/or the current value of the energy storage unit in the storage battery pack so as to control the electric energy input to each energy storage unit of the storage battery pack and/or the electric energy output to the load.

The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

1. the control management circuit of the storage battery pack is simple, simplifies the chip level, reduces the design and maintenance cost, and breaks through the storage battery management mode of the conventional satellite system.

2. The special chip adopted by the storage battery management module has wide application range, can adapt to different types of storage battery combinations, and has strong expansibility.

3. According to the invention, after the storage battery module adopted by the satellite system is subjected to standardized modular design improvement, the satellite development efficiency is improved, and the cost of the whole satellite is reduced.

4. The invention divides the charging period of the storage battery into a plurality of time periods with different charging characteristics, balances the storage battery for a plurality of times, reduces the balancing difficulty based on a wide range of time periods or electric quantity periods, and improves the overall balancing efficiency and effect, thereby exerting the available capacity of the storage battery as much as possible to maintain the long-term and efficient electric energy supply of the storage battery to the satellite load.

5. The invention adopts the modular design and an excellent control strategy, so that the system not only has lower heat production so as to reduce the risk of thermal runaway under the low-current charging and discharging state, but also has higher balance efficiency, and secondly, the modular design reduces the number of the single batteries which need to be monitored and managed by the balanced current-sharing management module, reduces the difficulty of control and regulation and extra power consumption, improves the management and regulation rate and precision of any single battery, and is convenient for the system to predict and timely regulate the failure risk of the single battery.

6. The overall architecture of the storage battery system and the whole satellite power system comprises a plurality of configuration modes so as to meet the requirements of different running loads or power, and meanwhile, the basic energy storage module can exert the maximum available electric energy to improve the power supply efficiency of the basic energy storage module based on the modular design and the control strategy, so that the whole satellite system can be stably operated in space for a long time.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a graph of a preferred charging characteristic of the battery pack.

List of reference numerals

1: the capacity device 2: energy storage device

100: the capacity unit 200: energy storage unit

101: solar cell array 201: accumulator battery

102: MPPT circuit 202: storage battery management module

3: load t₁: first charge end stage

t₂: second end of charge t₃: and a third charge end.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is made with reference to fig. 1-2.

The invention relates to a satellite battery system, which can comprise one of the following components: the energy production device 1 comprises at least one energy production unit 100 (100-1, 100-2, … …, 100-N) for converting the acquired solar energy into electric energy; the energy storage device 2 comprises at least one energy storage unit 200 (200-1, 200-2, … …, 200-N) for storing the electric energy converted by the energy generation unit for the satellite system to use when the solar energy cannot be utilized or the required power exceeds the power of the solar energy power supply device.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, the energy storage unit 200 (200-.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, the power generation unit 100 (100-1, 100-2, … …, 100-N) comprises at least one solar cell array 101 and an MPPT circuit 102, wherein the at least one solar cell array 101 and the at least one MPPT circuit 102 are connected to form a basic power generation module of the power generation device 1, so that only the at least one basic power generation module needs to be replaced when maintaining and/or satisfying the power supply requirements of different satellite systems. Preferably, the types or the number of the solar cell arrays 101 and/or the MPPT circuits 102 in the basic energy production module may not be completely the same as long as the power of the electric energy finally output by the MPPT circuits 102 is the same. Further, the solar cell arrays 101 are used for converting solar energy into electric energy after absorbing the solar energy, the input end of the MPPT circuit 102 is connected to at least one of the solar cell arrays 101, and the output end thereof is respectively connected to the energy storage group standard module, the load 3 and the capacitor array.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, the solar cell array 101 is composed of several solar cell array modules (101-. In the illumination period, when a short-term heavy load occurs, all energy output by the solar cell array 101 is used for load power supply, if the load power demand is greater than the output power of the solar cell array 101, the storage battery pack supplies power, and at the moment, the power supply system is in a combined power supply state. The solar cell array 101 is designed by adopting a mature and advanced technology, the structure is simple and practical according to the characteristics of the small satellites, and meanwhile, the design has good inheritance, and raw materials and components which pass ground tests and flight tests are selected. Further, the types of solar cells include, but are not limited to: a silicon solar cell, a multi-compound thin film solar cell, a polymer multi-layer modified electrode solar cell, a nanocrystal solar cell, an organic solar cell, a plastic solar cell, etc., and preferably, a gallium arsenide solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency may be used as the solar cell in this embodiment.

Alternatively, the solar cell array 101 may be composed of two identical wings, each wing being composed of three solar cell panels, specifically an inner panel, a middle panel and an outer panel. The solar cell array 101 can be divided into a power supply array and a charging array, the power supply array is divided into a controlled array and an uncontrolled array, and the charging array is divided into two charging arrays and a trickle array. Each wing of the solar cell array is provided with a power supply array and a charging array, and the two wings are symmetrically provided with pieces. The square matrix design needs to be based on several factors: bus voltage or battery pack 201 voltage, operating voltage value drop due to electron radiation, power supply to the load in consideration of the maximum operating temperature of the solar cell array, voltage drop of wires and cables, isolation diodes, and the like.

According to a preferred embodiment, the kind of capacitive array may be selected from one of the following types: electrolytic capacitors, monolithic capacitors, ceramic chip capacitors, tantalum electrolytic capacitors, polyester capacitors, and the like. Preferably, the capacitor array used in the present embodiment may be a tantalum capacitor. The capacitor in this embodiment has the following functions, but not limited to: filtering, bypassing, decoupling, storing energy, and coupling.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the MPPT circuit 102 is mainly provided with at least one MPPT chip (102-1, 102-2, … …, 102-N) and associated circuitry. The MPPT chip can further transform the electric energy converted by the solar cell array 101 into a voltage current and/or a power value required by the storage battery 201. Preferably, the MPPT chip includes, but is not limited to, a Superbuck transform function, a He-boost transform function, a Buck-boost transform function, and the like.

Preferably, the topology based on the MPPT chip is to always maintain the output voltage of the solar cell array at the voltage value at which the output power is maximum. The power converter connected in series between the solar cell array 101 and the load 3 matches the output power of the solar cell array 101 and the power demand of the load 3. Because the solar cell array 101 is connected to the bus by connecting the PPT controller and the power converter in series, the peak power tracking topology needs to ensure that the loss of the power converter is less than the gain of the system when operating at peak power. The MPPT chip is used for realizing the maximum power point tracking of the solar cell array 101. The MPPT chip is used for tracking the maximum power point of the solar cell array 101 in real time after input through a maximum power point tracking and driving a conversion module circuit through a driving circuit so as to ensure the peak value output of the solar cell array 101.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, the MPPT chips (102-. Further, the MPPT chip tracks the power of the solar cell arrays 101, and controls the output voltage and/or current of each solar cell array 101 through a control strategy. Based on the input voltage and/or current signals, the MPPT chip will control the output power of the electrical energy output to the bus.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, at least one battery management module 202 can be connected to at least one battery pack 201 to form a basic energy storage module of the energy storage device 2, so that only at least one basic energy storage module needs to be replaced when performing maintenance work and/or meeting the power supply requirements of different satellite systems. Preferably, the types or the number of the battery packs 201 and/or the battery management modules 202 in the basic energy storage module may not be completely the same, and the electric energy finally delivered to the load by the battery packs 201 is the same.

Preferably, the at least one basic energy production module and the at least one basic energy storage module can be combined to form a power module of the satellite system at least by changing the number and/or types of the solar cells and the storage batteries, so that the requirements under different operating states can be met, and meanwhile, replacement, maintenance and the like are facilitated.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, the solar cell array 101 always outputs the maximum power, the remaining power is used for charging the storage battery 201 except for meeting the satellite load requirement, when the storage battery 201 is charged, the actually required power of the satellite is reduced, and at this time, if the MPPT mode is continuously adopted, the excess power output by the solar cell array 101 must be dissipated, such as a passive means of connecting power resistance wires in series, but this method may also affect the thermal control of the whole satellite besides causing resource waste, so that a variable power point tracking method may be adopted, the power requirement of the current satellite system is calculated according to the storage battery 201 charging requirement by collecting the power distribution bus current and the storage battery 201 voltage, and this power value is set as a power tracking point, so that the solar cell array 101 outputs the required power constantly to realize the variable power point tracking.

Optionally, besides the PPT topology adopted by the present invention, a DET topology is also commonly used, which is to not adjust the bus topology, the energy output by the solar cell array 101 is directly supplied to the load 3 and the storage battery 201 for charging, the voltage of the storage battery 201 is the bus voltage, and the bus voltage is in a range.

Further, battery types that may be selected for battery pack 201 for satellite system power include, but are not limited to, the following categories: cadmium-nickel storage battery packs, nickel-hydrogen storage battery packs, silver-zinc storage battery packs, lithium ion battery packs, fuel battery packs and the like. Preferably, the battery pack 201 used in the present embodiment may use a lithium ion battery pack having a higher specific energy at present, so as to supplement the energy shortage of the solar cell array 101 during the terrestrial shadow to supply power to the load 3 on the satellite system.

Preferably, the number of the single batteries in series connection can be calculated according to the requirement of the whole star on the bus voltage, for example, if the required voltage of the whole star bus is 16-20.4V, the number of the battery packs in series connection is as follows: 20.4/3.6=6 (section). The lithium ion single batteries can be connected in parallel to increase the whole capacity and keep the voltage constant, and if the large capacity is needed and the requirement on the bus is high, the requirement can be met by connecting the single batteries in series and parallel.

Further, battery pack 201 may be of a unitary design and the mounting surface may be coated with a thermally conductive silicone layer to allow heat generated by battery pack 201 during operation to be conducted away through the base plate. In addition, to ensure that battery pack 201 is at a suitable temperature range during operation, heat pipes may be placed on the bottom plate of the battery box to keep battery pack 201 at a suitable temperature range during operation of the satellite system.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, the battery management module 202 should also integrate control of the balancing unit, the current measuring unit, the remote monitoring unit, etc. Preferably, the current measuring unit is used to measure the current in the power supply circuit to ensure stable operation of the battery pack 201. The control balancing unit may be used to measure cell voltages in battery pack 201, measure cell temperatures, actively or passively equalize battery pack 201, and shut down battery pack 201 when a preset upper parameter limit is reached. The remote monitoring unit can transmit the voltage, current or temperature change data of the storage battery pack 201 to the cloud for storage, and display the real-time state at the terminal.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, the battery management module 202 can perform equalizing current sharing control on the battery pack 201. Specifically, when battery pack 201 is at the end of charging, if any cell in battery pack 201 reaches the maximum allowable voltage, a series of cell voltage values of the remaining cells in battery pack 201 at the same time will be stored. At this time, charging of battery pack 201 is stopped, and battery pack 201 enters a relaxed or discharged state. The battery management module 202 calculates the average voltage of all the cells in the battery pack 201 and selects the cells having the minimum voltage and the maximum voltage, respectively. Further, if the difference between the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage is greater than the preset balance threshold, the battery management module 202 starts the balance management of the battery pack 201, otherwise the battery management module 202 does not make any adjustment to the battery pack 201.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 2, generally speaking, the main manifestation of the end of charge is that the terminal voltage of the battery rises rapidly and tends to stabilize for at least some time. In an embodiment of the invention, the charge end may be configured as a first charge end t₁Second end of charge t₂And a third charge end period t₃. Specifically, the first charge end period t₁Second end of charge t₂And a third charge end period t₃The charging voltage values of the storage battery in different periods or the gradient change step points of the charging curve are divided. For example, the first charge end period t may be₁The corresponding time point is defined as the time point when the voltage reaches the charge cut-off voltage, or may be defined according to a point having the maximum slope change value on the charge curve of the corresponding capacity-voltage characteristics of different types of storage batteries. Further, the second charge end period t₂The corresponding time point can be defined as a point on the capacity-voltage characteristic charging curve with the minimum slope change value, when the voltage reaches the charging voltage corresponding to the point, the voltage gradually tends to be flat and basically stable, and the continuously charged storage battery is in a deep charging state or an overcharging state. Preferably, the second charge end period t₂The corresponding time points are continuously updated and replaced, which can be done each time the battery is at the first end of charge t₁And a second charge end period t₂Time between is recorded by the systemSince the actual charging curve is changed while the battery is continuously charged and discharged to supply power to the system load, the voltage value and/or the capacity value corresponding to the charging curve are shifted after the long-term cyclic charge and discharge. Third end of charge t₃The charging period can be defined as the charging period of the storage battery, and the corresponding time point is that the capacity or voltage of the storage battery reaches the corresponding maximum redundancy value, because the electric quantity can be reduced after the storage battery is charged to reach the required electric quantity and is relaxed or relaxed for a period of time, the storage battery can reach a full saturation state and maintain the stable electric quantity through the charging after the storage battery reaches the required electric quantity for the first time, thereby fully playing the available capacity.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 2, corresponding to the first end of charge t described above₁Second end of charge t₂And a third charge end period t₃When calculating the average voltages of all the cells in battery pack 201, the average voltages corresponding to the cells are also calculated corresponding to different charge end periods, i.e., the average voltages may be sequentially arranged to be at first charge end period t₁Inner first average voltage at first end of charge t₁And a second charge end period t₂And at a second end of charge t₂And a third charge end period t₃A third average voltage. Next, when the minimum voltage and the maximum voltage of the single cells are selected, the single cells are respectively screened in their corresponding average voltage intervals, and the battery management module 202 performs balancing based on the average voltage of the single cells in the same time period and a difference between the minimum voltage and the maximum voltage.

According to a preferred embodiment shown in fig. 2, the battery has a memory effect, which after several cycles of shallow charge and discharge, may result in a loss of capacity of the battery, i.e. the subsequent charging does not effectively restore it to a fully charged state, and therefore at least one deep discharge cycle is required after several shallow cycles. Secondly, the cell voltages are varied during the charging of the storage battery and are carried out in a relatively wide time periodThe voltage measurement and the balance of the electric energy output have large errors and are difficult to balance, and for some storage batteries with short service cycle or only conventional shallow charging and discharging, the first charging end t₁When the voltage of any single battery reaches the maximum allowable value, calculating the average voltage of the single batteries in the corresponding time period, and comparing the average voltage with the difference value of the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage in the same period to perform primary balance based on the comparison result; for some storage batteries with longer service cycle or needing deep charge-discharge circulation, in order to activate the storage battery and make it easier to recover to full charge state, the storage battery is firstly equalized once, and then at the second end t of charge₂Inner and first end of charge t₁The same second equalization and may be at a second end of charge t₂At the end, using the third charging period t₃And the secondary battery is used for supplementary charging so as to exert the maximum available capacity of the storage battery. Preferably, based on different charging and discharging requirements of the storage battery pack 201, the charging period is divided into a plurality of time periods with different charge amounts, so that the storage battery pack 201 is balanced for a plurality of times, the balancing difficulty based on a wide range of time periods or electric quantity periods is reduced, and the overall balancing efficiency and effect are improved, so that the available capacity of the storage battery pack 201 is exerted as much as possible, and long-term and efficient electric energy supply of the storage battery pack 201 to the satellite load is maintained.

According to a preferred embodiment, in order to implement the balance control of the battery pack 210, the single cells with the real-time voltage value greater than the average voltage value are selected and stored in the list of the single cells requiring the balance. Specifically, when passive balance management is performed, balancing is performed by starting a load resistance system corresponding to the selected single battery, and the single voltage of the selected single battery is proportional to time. Preferably, the load resistance system can be used as an electrical appliance to consume the electric energy of the battery pack 201, so as to play a balancing role. In active equalization management, the battery management module 202 starts a discharge mode, and when the voltage value of any one of the unit cells is higher than an average threshold value, an equalization charge mode starts.

According to a preferred embodiment, the corresponding equalization time and current may be selected based on the average time that a single cell in battery pack 201 runs for one cycle. For example, T may be specified_b(equilibrium time) = (T)₁+T₂+T₃+T₄) X 75%, wherein, T₁Indicating the charging time, T₂Denotes the time of re-discharge after charging, T₃Indicates the discharge time, T₄Indicating the time to re-discharge after discharge. For passive equalization management, the balance current is typically 0.50A. Preferably, equalization control for battery pack 201 will stop after the equilibrium time is reached. Secondly, if the voltage of the cell with the largest charge reaches the end voltage at the end of the next charge cycle, the equalization control for the battery pack 201 will also stop. Further, equalization adjustments for battery pack 201 will be cycled in this manner. Preferably, based on the equalization adjustment, when the charging of the single batteries is finished, the voltages of all the single batteries can be equal, so that any single battery can exert the maximum available capacity.

According to a preferred embodiment, if the charged battery cell reaches saturation (full charge is specified as C =1 Ah), the current when it is connected to the system load is about 1C after about 10 minutes of relaxation (full charge 1Ah is discharged for 1h, and the current is about 1A). After about 10 minutes of relaxation, charge with 1C current for 70 minutes (considering the constant voltage phase). For the case of charging with a conventional large current (4C), the maximum flow balance charge Q = It =4C × 10min =0.67 Ah. Further, in the present embodiment, the balance current is 0.50A. Maximum flow balance charge Q^’= It =0.50A × (10 +60+10+ 70) min =1.25 Ah. The balance mode adopted by the invention and the efficiency thereofη== =1.87 times, and the balance current is only the original one。

According to a preferred embodiment, when the whole satellite system is running, the storage battery pack 201 continuously supplies power to the system load, and in order to maintain or prolong the service life of the storage battery pack 201, charging and discharging with small current may be needed, so that the method has higher balance efficiency while considering the service life of the storage battery pack 201. For example, if the charged state of the battery cell is saturated (full charge is specified as C =1 Ah), the current when it is connected to the system load is about 0.25C after about 20 minutes of relaxation (full charge 1Ah is discharged for 4h, and the current is about 0.25A). After an additional relaxation of about 20 minutes, charge is applied with a 0.25C current for 250 minutes (considering the constant voltage phase). For the case of charging with a conventional large current (4C), the maximum flow balance charge Q = It =4C × 20min =1.33 Ah. Further, in the present embodiment, the balance current is 0.50A. Maximum flow balance charge Q^’= It =0.50A × (20 +240+20+ 250) min =4.41 Ah. The balance mode adopted by the invention and the efficiency thereofη= ==3.32 times, and the balance current is only the original one。

Preferably, when charging and discharging with a small current, the system will generate less heat due to a longer equilibration time, but still have a higher equilibration efficiency. Because the satellite operating environment is unsupervised for a long time, the problems of thermal runaway and the like are avoided as much as possible. Based on the control mode, the difficulty or consumption of the system for controlling the heat of the storage battery pack 201 is greatly reduced, and the risk of thermal runaway is reduced. Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, at least one storage battery management module 202 and at least one storage battery pack 201 are connected to form a basic energy storage module of the energy storage device 2, so that, based on the modularized configuration manner and in combination with the above-mentioned equalization control method, the number of the single batteries to be monitored and managed by any storage battery management module 202 when performing equalization control on the corresponding storage battery pack 201 is reduced, the difficulty of control and adjustment and the extra power consumption are reduced, the mutual interference between the single batteries is reduced, the management and adjustment rate and precision of any single battery are improved, and the system is also convenient to predict and timely adjust the failure probability of any single battery. In addition, the modularized design and the balance control method can configure space architectures of the whole satellite system in different types to meet the requirements of different running loads or power, and meanwhile, any basic energy storage module can exert the maximum available electric energy to improve the power supply efficiency of the basic energy storage module, so that the whole satellite system can be stably operated in space for a long time.

According to a preferred embodiment, the input and/or output control function of the battery management module 202 is mainly assumed by a dedicated battery equalizing and current equalizing management chip, that is, a dedicated IC chip, and specifically, the dedicated IC chip is a battery management chip commonly used in industrial electronics, so that the complex circuit control can be simplified to the chip level, thereby breaking through the complex design in the past when the battery pack 201 is managed.

Preferably, the dedicated IC chip may collect a voltage signal V and/or a current signal I of the battery pack 201, and generate a charging and/or discharging control signal through a control strategy, where the charging and/or discharging control signal at least includes a constant voltage signal and/or a constant current signal. Further, the dedicated IC chip may perform processing such as voltage division and/or current division, difference, and the like on the collected voltage signal V and/or current signal I of the battery pack 201 to finally output a constant voltage signal and/or a constant current signal.

Preferably, battery management module 202 may control constant current and/or constant voltage charging of battery pack 201. Specifically, in the initial stage of charging, battery pack 201 is charged with a constant large current, and when the voltage of battery pack 201 rises to a preset voltage, the charging circuit switches to the constant voltage charging mode. In the constant voltage charging mode, the dedicated IC chip determines whether to end charging by monitoring a change in the charging current. In the constant current charging mode, the battery pack 201 is charged with the maximum current that it can withstand without the risk of overcharging, and the charging time is accelerated. In addition, in order to prevent the battery which may have a fault from being charged too fast, when the voltage of the battery is low, the special IC chip controls the charging loop to pre-charge with a small current. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the battery connected to the charging device maintains enough electric quantity, if the electric quantity of the battery is reduced to a certain degree after the battery is fully charged, the charging is restarted.

Further, the storage battery management module 202 can complete overcharge and overdischarge protection of the storage battery pack 201, including functions of monomer overcharge, monomer overdischarge, storage battery pack overcharge, storage battery pack overdischarge, discharge overcurrent protection and the like, and functions of overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, three-level overcurrent monitoring, over-temperature protection, front-temperature protection, on-off switch hysteresis and the like of the lithium ion single battery are realized by adopting a special IC chip. The traditional constant current/constant voltage charging method needs to design a complex circuit, but the invention adopts a special IC chip to manage the energy storage battery 201 used by the satellite system, thereby greatly reducing the space and the cost required by the design, simplifying the circuit and leading the management control process to be more efficient and convenient.

Preferably, if the battery is discharged for a long time without control measures, when the charge of battery pack 201 is close to empty, the entire star will be powered down due to insufficient charge in a few minutes, and even overdischarge in a few minutes will still cause irreversible damage to battery pack 201. In order to avoid the operation failure of the whole satellite system caused by the over-discharge of the storage battery pack 201, a state detection and control protection integrated circuit is designed on a special IC chip in the storage battery management module 202, once the over-discharge possibility of the storage battery pack 201 is detected, the storage battery management module 202 sends an instruction to temporarily close some possible unnecessary loads, and if the measure still cannot bring obvious effect, the connection relation between the storage battery pack 201 and a bus can be directly controlled, namely, the way of supplying power by using the storage battery pack 201 is directly cut off. Further, when the satellite system enters an illumination period, and the solar cell array 101 can stably output energy, the storage battery management module 202 sends a signal to reestablish the connection between the storage battery 201 and the bus, at this time, the solar cell array 101 can continuously charge the storage battery 201, and the storage battery 201 is recovered to be normally used.

Preferably, the application specific IC chip used in the present embodiment has a wide application range, and can be adapted to various types of storage battery combinations, including but not limited to specific storage battery pack types and/or numbers. Furthermore, the whole function module can be simply expanded according to the requirement of the satellite application to provide stronger capability, has good expansibility and can meet the diversified requirements of the development of the commercial satellite at present.

For ease of understanding, the principles of operation and methods of use of a satellite battery system of the present invention will be discussed.

In using the satellite battery system provided according to the present application, the solar array 101 stores and converts solar energy or light energy into electrical energy when the satellite system is in operation, and further delivers the electrical energy to the MPPT circuit 102. Further, the MPPT circuit 102 can collect a voltage or a current value of the bus, and control an output power when a part of the electric energy converted by the solar cell array 101 is transmitted to the load 3 of the satellite system and the energy storage device 2 based on the system load. In addition, the rest of the solar energy converted by the solar cell array 101 is processed by the MPPT circuit 102 and then transmitted to the energy storage device 2 in the form of electric energy, and specifically, the electric energy is stored in the storage battery 201. The storage battery management module 202 in the energy storage device 2 is electrically connected to the storage battery pack 201, and the storage battery management module 202 realizes current-sharing input and/or output of the storage battery pack 201 based on the input voltage and/or current of the MPPT circuit 102, so as to prevent the storage battery pack 201 from being overcharged or overdischarged to damage the service cycle and/or the service life of the storage battery pack 201. When the satellite system enters the earth shadow period, the electric energy stored in the storage battery pack 201 is utilized to solve the insufficiency of the solar energy, and the storage battery management module 202 controls the output voltage and/or the current of the storage battery pack 201, so that the phenomenon of overcurrent and/or overdischarge generated by the storage battery pack 201 is avoided, and the stable output of the storage battery pack 201 is controlled.

The satellite storage battery system simplifies the management of the storage battery pack to the chip level, breaks through the management mode of the traditional aerospace storage battery pack, reduces the design and maintenance cost to a certain extent due to simple circuits, has stronger adaptability for a special IC chip used in the storage battery module system, can meet the combination requirements of various storage batteries, and realizes the balanced current-sharing input and/or output management of the storage battery pack.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.