阅读说明：本技术 一种载波信号判断串扰台区开启台区识别的方法 (Method for identifying starting area of crosstalk area by judging carrier signal ) 是由 申杰 王韬 刘丽娜 王家驹 曾荣 张然 吴勇 李林欢 刘晨 于 2021-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种载波信号判断串扰台区开启台区识别的方法,该方法包括：利用HPLC本地通信技术结合交流电过零相位偏移量统计分析方法,通过比对临近网络过零序列进行相关性计算,将计算得到的相关性作为STA端与对应网络的参数,通过查看相关性最高的网络是否为本网络,判断是否触发STA端向CCO端发送台区串扰相关事件；当相关性计算数值达到设定阈值时,触发STA端向CCO端发送台区串扰相关事件,识别出需要开启台区识别的台区；采用事件上报方式,自动触发开启台区识别。本发明方法识别率高,误识率低；为档案混乱台区进行精准治理提供技支撑,进而提高户变关系判断的准确性,有利于台区线损的管理,提高电网经济运行水平。(The invention discloses a method for identifying a starting station area of a carrier signal judgment crosstalk station area, which comprises the following steps: by utilizing an HPLC local communication technology in combination with an alternating current zero-crossing phase offset statistical analysis method, correlation calculation is carried out by comparing zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks, the calculated correlation is used as a parameter of an STA (station terminal) and a corresponding network, and whether the STA terminal is triggered to send a station area crosstalk related event to a CCO (central office) terminal is judged by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the local network; when the correlation calculation value reaches a set threshold value, triggering the STA end to send a zone crosstalk related event to the CCO end, and identifying a zone needing to start zone identification; and automatically triggering the identification of the starting station area by adopting an event reporting mode. The method has high recognition rate and low false recognition rate; technical support is provided for accurate management of the disordered platform area of the archives, accuracy of judgment of the household variable relation is improved, management of line loss of the platform area is facilitated, and economic operation level of a power grid is improved.)

1. A method for identifying a starting zone of a crosstalk zone judged by a carrier signal is characterized by comprising the following steps:

by utilizing an HPLC local communication technology in combination with an alternating current zero-crossing phase offset statistical analysis method, correlation calculation is carried out by comparing zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks, the calculated correlation is used as a parameter of an STA (station terminal) and a corresponding network, and whether the STA terminal is triggered to send a station area crosstalk related event to a CCO (central office) terminal is judged by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the local network; when the correlation calculation value reaches a set threshold value, triggering the STA end to send a zone crosstalk related event to the CCO end, and identifying a zone needing to start zone identification; and automatically triggering the identification of the starting station area by adopting an event reporting mode.

2. The method for identifying the open cell of the carrier signal judgment crosstalk cell according to claim 1, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, starting the characteristic information of the transformer area: the CCO end issues data, and broadcasts and sends zero-crossing data by using a network management layer self-defined frame, wherein the sending type is proxy broadcasting;

step 2, informing the characteristic information of the transformer area: the CCO end starts the station area characteristic collection activity of the STA end, and after the STA end finishes collection, characteristic information of the CCO end is issued to each STA end;

step 3, collecting and judging the characteristic information of the transformer area: the STA end responds to the station area characteristic issuing information sent by the CCO, when the CCO end issues the station area characteristic information of the STA end to the STA, the STA end compares the information with the station area characteristic information which is successfully collected by the STA end, and judges whether reporting of an event is needed to trigger starting of station area identification or not through a threshold value;

step 4, comparing the zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks to perform correlation calculation: comparing the correlation of the characteristic information by adopting a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method, and counting; taking the counted correlation as a parameter of the STA end and a corresponding network, and checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network or not to trigger the starting of the station area identification event or not; if the network with the highest correlation is the local network, the CCO end reports the event to the concentrator, the concentrator further reports the event to the master station, and the master station initiates file correction work; and if the network with the highest correlation is not the network, the event is not reported.

3. The method for identifying the open cell of the carrier signal judgment crosstalk cell according to claim 2, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 5, area identification and restart: and when the STA reset or the CCO reset or the STA changes the meter operation, determining whether the station area identification logic needs to be restarted according to the actual situation.

4. The method for identifying the open cell of the crosstalk cell according to claim 2, wherein the CCO performs data distribution in step 1, and performs broadcast transmission of zero-crossing data by using a network management layer custom frame, and specifically comprises:

the CCO end frames in a mode of a reference value plus a difference value, and determines the characteristic information of the CCO broadcast by the zero-crossing sequence according to the existing message format of a network management layer; the characteristic information is obtained by adopting a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method.

5. The method for identifying the open areas of the crosstalk area according to claim 2, wherein the correlation calculation is performed on the zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks in step 4: further comprising:

the identification logic of the STA end starts after the node accesses the network, an identification target is divided into a local network and a neighbor network, the local network selects a zero-crossing sequence of a corresponding quadrant for correlation calculation, and the neighbor network traverses all the zero-crossing sequences for correlation calculation; when the correlation calculation times reach a certain set threshold value, the calculated correlation is used as a parameter of the STA and a corresponding network, whether the STA is triggered to send a correlation event to the CCO terminal is judged by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network, and therefore the station area identification is started.

6. The method for identifying the open areas of the crosstalk areas according to the claim 2, wherein the step 4 is performed by comparing the correlation of the characteristic information by using a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method and performing statistics; wherein:

the correlation of the comparison characteristic information is that the master node and the slave node respectively collect a section of power frequency zero-crossing time with the length of nSynchronization sequence, denoted as sequence X, Y ∈ iⁿThe Pearson correlation coefficient C of the data gathered from the nodes is calculated as follows:

wherein cov (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, and Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y.

7. The method for identifying the open cell of the carrier signal judgment crosstalk cell according to claim 6, wherein when the correlation coefficient is 0.8< C ≦ 1.0, the identification is considered to be successful, and the cell to be identified is identified.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of low-voltage power line carrier communication, in particular to a method for judging the identification of a crosstalk area opening area by carrier signals.

Background

Due to the reasons of user information change, electric energy meter fault replacement, district upgrading and reconstruction and the like, the current system user change relationship is often changed, so that the line loss calculation is abnormal, and if special offline identification equipment such as a district identification instrument is used, the field maintenance workload is greatly increased, and the consumed time is long. In addition, the existing local communication modes such as low-voltage power line carrier, micro-power wireless and the like have the cross-station communication capability under the conditions of 'common zero' and 'space coupling', and the like, so that great challenges are brought to the development of the family change relationship combing work.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for judging the identification of the open areas of a crosstalk area by carrier signals.

The invention adopts the zero-crossing sequence to carry out correlation calculation, triggers the STA to send the station area crosstalk related events to the CCO end by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network, thereby identifying and screening which station areas need to be subjected to station area identification, further improving the accuracy of the judgment of the household variable relationship, being beneficial to the management of the line loss of the station areas and improving the economic operation level of the power grid.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for identifying a starting zone of a crosstalk zone judged by carrier signals comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out correlation calculation by comparing zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks by utilizing an HPLC local communication technology and combining an alternating current zero-crossing phase offset statistical analysis method, taking the calculated correlation as a parameter of an STA (station terminal) and a corresponding network, and judging whether to trigger the STA terminal to send a station area crosstalk related event to a CCO (central processing unit) terminal or not by checking whether a network with the highest correlation is the network; when the correlation calculation value reaches a set threshold value, triggering the STA end to send a zone crosstalk related event to the CCO end, and identifying a zone needing to start zone identification; and automatically triggering the identification of the starting station area by adopting an event reporting mode.

The working principle is as follows:

based on the difficulty in automatically judging which station areas need to be opened for station area identification in a high-efficiency manner in the prior art, the invention designs a method for judging the identification of the opened station areas of a crosstalk station area based on a carrier signal of a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method. Specifically, on a certain phase of electricity in a transformer area, due to the access and the cut-out of loads, especially the access and the cut-out of inductive and capacitive loads, the phases of alternating current can have certain characteristic changes, such as voltage zero crossing point offset, phase distortion and the like, and the change rules of the phase characteristics have similarity at different positions on the same phase line in the same transformer area; on the same phase line of different transformer areas, the change rule of the phase characteristics has difference. And triggering the STA terminal to send the station area crosstalk related event to the CCO terminal by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network, thereby identifying and screening the station area needing to start station area identification.

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the method of the invention utilizes an HPLC local communication technology in combination with an alternating current zero-crossing phase offset statistical analysis method, performs correlation calculation by comparing zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks, takes the counted correlation as a parameter of an STA (station terminal) and a corresponding network, and judges whether the STA terminal is triggered to send a station area crosstalk related event to a CCO (central processing unit) terminal by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network. When the correlation calculation value reaches a certain set threshold (for example, the correlation of the station area 1 is 1000, and the correlation of the station area 2 is 899, the threshold can be set to 100 (because the value of the threshold is smaller than the difference between the two correlation values), the threshold can be set according to the actual situation, the STA end is triggered to send the station area crosstalk related event to the CCO end, so that the station areas needing to start the station area identification are identified and screened, and technical support is provided for the precise management of the file disordered station areas; and further, accuracy of judging the household variable relationship is improved, management of line loss of the transformer area is facilitated, and economic operation level of a power grid is improved.

The method mainly adopts a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method to judge and screen the station area identification needing to be started in which station areas, namely, the problem that the station area identification needs to be carried out in which station areas, namely, the station area identification is started at which time is solved; the method has high recognition rate and low false recognition rate.

Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, starting the characteristic information of the transformer area: the CCO end issues data, and mainly utilizes a network management layer self-defined frame to broadcast and send zero-crossing data, wherein the sending type is proxy broadcast;

step 2, informing the characteristic information of the transformer area: the CCO end needs to start the station area characteristic acquisition activity of the STA end, and after the STA end finishes acquisition, the CCO end issues the characteristic information of the CCO end to each STA end;

step 3, collecting and judging the characteristic information of the transformer area: the STA end responds to the station area characteristic issuing information sent by the CCO, when the CCO end issues the station area characteristic information of the STA end to the STA, the STA end compares the information with the station area characteristic information which is successfully collected by the STA end, and judges whether reporting of an event is needed to trigger starting of station area identification or not through a threshold value;

step 4, comparing the zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks to perform correlation calculation: comparing the correlation of the characteristic information by adopting a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method, and counting; taking the counted correlation as a parameter of the STA end and a corresponding network, and checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network or not to trigger the starting of the station area identification event or not; if the network with the highest correlation is the local network, the CCO end reports the event to the concentrator, the concentrator further reports the event to the master station, and the master station needs to initiate file correction work; and if the network with the highest correlation is not the network, the event is not reported.

Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 5, area identification and restart: when operations such as STA reset, CCO reset, or STA replacement meter occur, it is necessary to determine whether the station area identification logic needs to be restarted according to the actual situation.

Further, in step 1, the CCO side issues data, and mainly uses a network management layer custom frame to perform broadcast transmission of zero-crossing data, which specifically includes:

the CCO end frames in a mode of a reference value plus a difference value, and determines the characteristic information of the CCO broadcast by the zero-crossing sequence according to the existing message format of a network management layer; the characteristic information is obtained by adopting a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method.

Further, in step 4, a correlation calculation is performed on the zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks: further comprising:

the identification logic of the STA end is started after the node accesses the network, and an identification target is divided into a local network and a neighbor network, wherein the STA knows the quadrant and LN state of the local network, so that the local network can only select the zero-crossing sequence of the corresponding quadrant for correlation calculation, and the neighbor network needs to traverse all the zero-crossing sequences for correlation calculation; when the correlation calculation times reach a certain set threshold value, the calculated correlation is used as parameters of the STA and the corresponding network, whether the STA is triggered to send a correlation event to the CCO terminal is judged by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network, and therefore the identification of the distribution area is started, and the accurate management of the distribution area with disordered file relations is carried out.

Further, a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method is adopted in the step 4, the correlation of the characteristic information is compared, and statistics is carried out; wherein:

the correlation of the comparison characteristic information is that a main node and a slave node respectively acquire a power frequency zero-crossing time synchronization sequence with the length of n and record the sequence as X, Y belongs to iⁿThe Pearson correlation coefficient C of the data gathered from the nodes is calculated as follows:

wherein cov (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, and Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y.

Further, when the correlation coefficient is more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.0, the identification is considered to be successful, and the station area needing to be opened for station area identification is identified.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the method of the invention utilizes an HPLC local communication technology in combination with an alternating current zero-crossing phase offset statistical analysis method, performs correlation calculation by comparing zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks, takes the counted correlation as a parameter of an STA (station terminal) and a corresponding network, and judges whether the STA terminal is triggered to send a station area crosstalk related event to a CCO (central processing unit) terminal by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network. When the correlation calculation value reaches a certain set threshold value, triggering the STA end to send a zone crosstalk related event to the CCO end, so as to identify and screen a zone needing to start zone identification, and providing technical support for accurately managing a file disordered zone; and further, accuracy of judging the household variable relationship is improved, management of line loss of the transformer area is facilitated, and economic operation level of a power grid is improved.

2. The method mainly adopts a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method to judge and screen the station area identification needing to be started in which station areas, namely, the problem that the station area identification needs to be carried out in which station areas, namely, the station area identification is started at which time is solved; the method has high recognition rate and low false recognition rate.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for identifying a starting zone of a crosstalk zone determined by a carrier signal according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1, the method for determining the identification of the open cell of the crosstalk cell by using a carrier signal of the present invention includes:

the method comprises the steps of (1) judging whether to trigger the STA end to send a station area crosstalk related event to the CCO end or not by checking whether a network with the highest correlation is the network or not by utilizing an HPLC local communication technology and combining an alternating current zero-crossing phase offset statistical analysis method and carrying out correlation calculation by comparing zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks; when the correlation calculation value reaches a set threshold value, triggering the STA end to send a zone crosstalk related event to the CCO end, and identifying a zone needing to start zone identification; and automatically triggering the identification of the starting station area by adopting an event reporting mode.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for identifying a starting zone of a crosstalk zone determined by a carrier signal according to the present invention. The identification method based on the power frequency zero-crossing time sequence correlation is that a local communication technology is combined with an alternating current zero-crossing phase offset statistical analysis method, the correlation of the station zero-crossing sequence is compared, and whether the user change identification needs to be triggered or not is judged through threshold control.

In the specific implementation:

and (3) starting the characteristic information of the transformer area:

the station area identification can be divided into three parts from top to bottom, namely STA identification logic, CCO data issuing and correlation calculation. Since the type of correlation calculation algorithm and data is basically determined, this document is not discussed with respect thereto.

Informing the characteristic information of the transformer area:

and (4) CCO data release, wherein zero-crossing data is broadcast and sent mainly by using a network management layer self-defined frame, and the sending type is proxy broadcast. And determining the number of zero-crossing sequence broadcast messages by framing in a mode of a reference value plus a difference value and combining the existing message format of a network management layer.

The CCO end carries out zero-crossing sequence transmission in a mode of polling three channels in 10s sequence, so that the time of 30s is occupied when one round of issuing is carried out, and if the same-phase channel or the non-channel is connected, the transmission of the corresponding channel zero-crossing sequence can be omitted, and the network overhead is reduced. Since the network reference time NTB has a cycle of 171s and the zero-crossing sequence transmission period is 30s, the absolute time of zero-crossing acquisition at the CCO end can be completely determined by only occupying the network reference time NTB count (0, 150), that is, the CCO end forms 5 rounds of zero-crossing sequence issuance in the (0, 150) count interval of each NTB, so that all the subsequent zero-crossing sequence times can be completely determined as long as the CCO end determines the acquisition issuance time of the first quadrant zero-crossing sequence of the first round. Therefore, the CCO end needs to randomly acquire the starting time zero-pass-collect-and-time of zero-crossing sequence collection and release between (0 and 10), meanwhile, in order to improve the time precision of internetwork synchronization, the error is reduced to 1 zero crossing point, the random interval is multiplied by 50 to become (0 and 500), the unit is 20ms, and the value is placed in the beacon frame for broadcasting.

In which all devices in an HPLC carrier communication network must be synchronized to a common clock and the CCO side must maintain a 32-bit timer, called the network reference time.

Collecting and judging the characteristic information of the transformer area:

the identification logic of the STA end starts after the node accesses the network, the identification target is divided into the local network and the neighbor network, and because the state of the STA end in the quadrant and LN of the local network is known, the local network can only select the zero-crossing sequence of the corresponding quadrant to perform correlation calculation, and the neighbor network needs to traverse all the zero-crossing sequences (for the calculation of the zero-crossing sequences, partial sequences can be shielded by setting a threshold). When the correlation calculation times reach a certain set threshold, the counted correlation is used as a parameter of the STA end and a corresponding network, and the STA end is triggered to send a correlation event to the CCO end by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network.

The event removing and reporting part is a network management layer function, the event is an application layer function, and the station area identification abnormity is identified through a global variable, so that the part is simple and is not expanded any more.

When the STA end receives the beacon, the zero-crossing sequence acquisition time (the time of transmitting the neighbor beacon, the time of receiving the beacon frame, and the time of the zero-crossing acquisition time in the network timing) of the neighbor network in the network timing time can be obtained through data difference calculation, and the correlation is acquired, waited and calculated at the time. It should be noted that, a network management layer for reporting other network messages needs to be added.

At the moment, a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method is adopted to compare the correlation of the characteristic information. The analysis of the correlation of the characteristic information is that a main node and a slave node respectively collect a section of power frequency zero-crossing time synchronization sequence with the length of n and record the sequence as X, Y belongs to iⁿThe Pearson correlation coefficient C of the data gathered from the nodes is calculated as follows:

wherein cov (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, and Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y. The larger the absolute value of C, the higher the correlation of the variable X with the variable Y; the smaller the absolute value of C, the lower the correlation of variable X with variable Y. The criteria for evaluating the pearson correlation coefficient are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 calibration Table for Pearson's correlation coefficient

And when the identification result is extremely strong correlation, namely the correlation coefficient is more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.0, the identification is considered to be successful, and the next identification result is reported.

And (3) identifying and restarting the transformer area:

after operations such as STA reset, CCO reset, STA replacement meter, and the like occur, it is necessary to determine whether the station area identification logic needs to be restarted according to actual conditions.

Firstly, after the platform area identification is completed, the platform area identification result needs to be recorded, and the result is recorded in Flash:

and after the node accesses the network, initializing a station area identification logic, wherein in the initialization logic, if the station area identification result is empty, which indicates that the execution is performed for the first time, information except 'actual home network CCO-MAC' is generated and stored, and the node is normally started.

If no valid identification result information exists (the actual home network CCO-MAC domain is empty, and other domains are valid), the identification result information indicates that the station area identification logic is executed before, but is not completed temporarily; or valid identification result information exists, when the following conditions are met, the environment is changed, and the cell identification logic needs to be restarted, namely the condition is the same as that when the cell identification is executed for the first time:

and (4) indicating that the current network entry snid is inconsistent with the history record and that the CCO is reset or enters other networks.

And secondly, when the current network access CCO-MAC is inconsistent with the historical records, the concentrator is replaced or enters other networks.

And thirdly, the STA-MAC is inconsistent with the historical record, or the historical STA-MAC does not exist in the table searching result of the second acquisition, which indicates that the STA changes the table meter. (timeliness of searching tables needs to be considered, but if the real appearance history network access MAC is searched successfully after the logic, the node carries out station area identification again)

Otherwise, if the STA is reset or plugged, the station area information recovery logic is executed, the station area identification is continued, or the initialization of the station area attribution is performed according to the existing historical information, and the application layer finds that the identification result already exists and sends a report message of the related event.

The method of the invention utilizes an HPLC local communication technology in combination with an alternating current zero-crossing phase offset statistical analysis method, performs correlation calculation by comparing zero-crossing sequences of adjacent networks, takes the counted correlation as a parameter of an STA (station terminal) and a corresponding network, and judges whether the STA terminal is triggered to send a station area crosstalk related event to a CCO (central processing unit) terminal by checking whether the network with the highest correlation is the network. When the correlation calculation value reaches a certain set threshold value, triggering the STA end to send a zone crosstalk related event to the CCO end, so as to identify and screen a zone needing to start zone identification, and providing technical support for accurately managing a file disordered zone; and further, accuracy of judging the household variable relationship is improved, management of line loss of the transformer area is facilitated, and economic operation level of a power grid is improved.

The method mainly adopts a power frequency synchronous zero-crossing sequence method to judge and screen the station area identification needing to be started in which station areas, namely, the problem that the station area identification needs to be carried out in which station areas, namely, the station area identification is started at which time is solved; the method has high recognition rate and low false recognition rate.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.