阅读说明：本技术 一种强流回旋加速器中心区物理设计方法 (Physical design method for central area of strong-flow cyclotron ) 是由 冀鲁豫 管锋平 安世忠 边天剑 郑侠 纪彬 贾先禄 于 2021-08-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种强流回旋加速器中心区物理设计方法,包括以下步骤：计算粒子经过中心区各个物理实体时的能量；基于各个物理实体上的能量,计算粒子静态平衡轨道半径；根据计算出的粒子静态平衡轨道半径,确定用于卡束的中心区结构；从高能量下的静态平衡轨道跟踪至中心区,从而根据束流轨迹优化调整中心区结构；使用粒子跟踪的方法,优化中心区束流品质、确定用于优化中心区束流品质的中心区结构；重复步骤五,反复迭代、优化调整用于卡束和用于提高束流品质的中心区结构,直至中心区结构达到设计标准为止；本发明找到了一个能够兼顾中心区粒子引出效率、加速相位、径向对中、轴向聚焦四者平衡的平衡点。(The invention discloses a physical design method for a central area of a strong flow cyclotron, which comprises the following steps: calculating the energy of the particles passing through each physical entity in the central area; calculating the radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle based on the energy on each physical entity; determining a central area structure for the card beam according to the calculated radius of the particle static balance orbit; tracking the static balance orbit under high energy to a central area, and optimizing and adjusting the structure of the central area according to the beam track; optimizing the beam quality of the central area and determining a central area structure for optimizing the beam quality of the central area by using a particle tracking method; repeating the step five, and repeatedly iterating and optimally adjusting the central area structure for clamping the beam and improving the beam quality until the central area structure reaches the design standard; the invention finds a balance point which can give consideration to the balance of the central region particle extraction efficiency, the acceleration phase, the radial centering and the axial focusing.)

1. A method for physically designing the central area of a high-current cyclotron is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, calculating the energy of particles passing through each physical entity in a central area, wherein each physical entity in the central area is a high-frequency cavity or a flange between two adjacent accelerating gaps in the central area;

step two, calculating the radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle based on the energy on each physical entity;

step three, determining a central area structure for the card beam according to the calculated radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle, wherein the central area structure is as follows: a plurality of electrode pillars which surround the 1 st and 2 nd circles of beam tracks in the central area and are respectively arranged at the proper positions of a high-frequency cavity and a flange of the beam tracks and are used for clamping off particles which cannot be accelerated in the central area;

step four, optimizing the central area structure for the card beam by using a particle tracking method: back-tracking the reference particle from the central region, i.e.: tracking the static balance track under high energy to a central area, and optimizing and adjusting the central area structure according to the beam track, wherein the optimized and adjusted central area structure is the position of an optimized and adjusted electrode column;

step five, optimizing the beam quality of the central area and determining the central area structure for optimizing the beam quality of the central area by using a particle tracking method: the method comprises the following steps of tracking reference particles from a center area in a forward direction to obtain a new particle track, and obtaining the position, the acceleration phase, the radial centering and the axial focusing of an electrode column clamped beam according to the new particle track, so that the center area structure for improving the beam quality is further optimized and adjusted according to the result, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, adjusting the acceleration phase when particles pass through the acceleration gap by adjusting the front and rear positions of the acceleration gap, and simultaneously determining the position of an electrode column clamped beam by the position of a beam track; when the acceleration phase is determined, adjusting the radial centering of the central area by adjusting the positions of the electrode pillars at the entrance and the exit of the acceleration gap beam according to the current electric field direction; after the radial centering adjustment is finished, adjusting the position of the electrode column clamping beam again; when the acceleration phase is determined, the axial focusing of the central area is adjusted by adjusting the height of the acceleration gap;

step six, repeating the step five, iterating repeatedly, optimizing and adjusting the central area structure for clamping the beam and improving the beam quality until the central area structure reaches the design standard;

step seven, a multi-particle tracking method is used, the influence of space charge effect is considered, the step five and the step five are repeated, and the final central area structure is determined; the space charge effect is the interaction between the particles.

2. The physical design method for central area of high-current cyclotron according to claim 1, wherein: calculating the energy of the particles passing through the physical entity between every two adjacent acceleration gaps in the central area in the first step, which comprises the following specific steps:

1) obtaining an initial energy E of the particle_initHigh frequency voltage V₀And harmonic number h, which have been determined in the preliminary design of the accelerator, wherein the relationship between the time difference and harmonic number, high frequency opening angle of the particles passing through the two acceleration gaps is:

τ₂-τ₁＝hα；(1)

2) the phase angle of the particles at the opening angle of the 1/2 high-frequency cavity is set as follows:

τ₁time of particle passing through 1 st acceleration gap, τ₂The time for the particle to pass through the 2 nd acceleration gap,

3) taking the acceleration of a particle with negative charges as an example, assuming that the charge of the particle is-q, the energies obtained by the particle in the acceleration gap (r) and the acceleration gap (r) are calculated as follows:

4) the sum of the energies obtained by the particles in the two acceleration gaps is calculated:

5) the energy of the particles after the n-th acceleration is:

wherein-q is the particle charge, when h α is 180 °, q is the average of the charge of the particle,The energy gain is maximum, and in the cyclotron, the energy gain can be enabled through reasonable designClose to 0, limited by the accelerator structure, with a maximum value α_mSometimes h α_m<180°。

3. The physical design method for central area of high-current cyclotron according to claim 1, wherein: the second step of calculating the radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle based on the energy on each physical entity comprises the following specific processes:

1) connecting the static balance tracks obtained in the step one to obtain a primary particle acceleration track;

2) and placing the electrode columns according to the primary particle acceleration track, so that the particle track passes through the electrode columns.

4. The physical design method for central area of high-current cyclotron according to claim 3, wherein: and 2) placing each electrode column according to the primary particle acceleration track to enable the particle track to pass through the electrode columns, wherein the specific links are as follows:

1) arranging a 1 st circle of electrode column in the central area, wherein the 1 st circle of electrode column is arranged at the small radius of the 1 st circle of primary particle acceleration track of each high-frequency cavity head;

2) arranging a 2 nd circle of electrode column in the central area, wherein the 2 nd circle of electrode column is arranged at the small radius of the 2 nd circle of primary particle acceleration track of each high-frequency cavity and the flange;

the small radius of the links 1) and 2) is the radius of the track where the particles are located when the particles are subjected to the negative phase action of the high-frequency electric field; and the electrode columns arranged at the small radius positions of the links 1) and 2) are used for clamping particles which cannot be accelerated at the small radius positions from the central area.

5. The physical design method for central area of high-current cyclotron according to claim 1, wherein: and fifthly, adjusting the front and rear positions of the particle acceleration gap, namely moving the flange plates on two sides of the acceleration gap, the high-frequency cavity and the columns on the flange plates and the high-frequency cavity together so as to adjust the front and rear positions of the acceleration gap.

6. The physical design method for central area of high-current cyclotron according to claim 1, wherein: the fifth step of adjusting the positions of the electrode pillars at the entrance and the exit of the accelerating gap beam is specifically as follows: the radial alignment of the electrode column clamping beam and the electrode column adjusting beam is considered, under the condition that the position of the electrode column clamping beam is not influenced, when the beam flow is required to move towards a large radius during the adjustment of the beam alignment, the inlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards the large radius, and the outlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards a small radius, and when the beam flow is required to move towards the small radius during the adjustment of the beam alignment, the inlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards the small radius, and the outlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards the large radius.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of a high-current cyclotron, and particularly relates to a method for physically designing a central area of the high-current cyclotron.

Background

In a cyclotron, the central region is the transition region of the acceleration process of the particles from rest (internal ion source case) or low energy (external ion source case) to a certain high energy, covering the first few turns of the beam motion in the accelerator. The quality of the beam in the central region has a decisive influence on whether the particles can be extracted from the accelerator after acceleration. The beam quality of the central region comprises the extraction efficiency of particles in the central region, the acceleration phase of the particles in the central region when the particles in the central region pass through an acceleration gap, the radial centering of the particles in the central region, the axial focusing of beam in the central region and the like, and the key beam dynamics problems are concentrated in the central region.

The design of the central region physical structure comprises the design of the central region particle track, the design of the position of an acceleration gap, the design of radial centering and the design of axial focusing. One of the difficulties is to find an accurate design method for the particle track in the central region, and the design of the particle track in the central region in the prior art is only a rough design method. The particle track of the central area is firstly applied to the extraction efficiency of the particles in the beam quality, the extraction efficiency of the particles comes from the position of the central area clamping beam, the central area invalid particles can be clamped off only when the position of the clamping beam is accurate, and therefore the extraction efficiency of the particles of the central area is improved, and the accuracy of the position of the clamping beam comes from the accuracy of the position of the particle track; the second difficulty is that the position of the beam trajectory of the position of the card beam, which satisfies the current extraction efficiency, is not necessarily the position with the best beam quality, and the position of the card beam of the current beam trajectory is possibly very accurate, but the radial centering of the beam trajectory is not good enough, so that the beam trajectory which satisfies the radial centering may influence the beam trajectory of the card beam; after the accelerating phase is adjusted, the whole electric field is changed, the radial centering and the axial focusing are also changed, the radial centering is changed, the previous clamping beam position is changed, and the adjustment is repeated, so that the second design difficulty of the physical structure of the central area is to find a balance point which can take account of the balance of the central area particle extraction efficiency, the accelerating phase, the radial centering and the axial focusing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for physically designing a central area of a high-current cyclotron, aiming at solving the problems that the prior art cannot find a precise design method for the particle track of the central area and cannot find a balance point which can give consideration to the balance of the central area particle extraction efficiency, the acceleration phase, the radial centering and the axial focusing.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.

A method for physically designing the central area of a high-current cyclotron is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, calculating the energy of particles passing through each physical entity in a central area, wherein each physical entity in the central area is a high-frequency cavity or a flange between two adjacent accelerating gaps in the central area;

step two, calculating the radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle based on the energy on each physical entity;

step three, determining a central area structure for the card beam according to the calculated radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle, wherein the central area structure is as follows: a plurality of electrode pillars which surround the 1 st and 2 nd circles of beam tracks in the central area and are respectively arranged at the proper positions of a high-frequency cavity and a flange of the beam tracks and are used for clamping off particles which cannot be accelerated in the central area;

step four, optimizing the central area structure for the card beam by using a particle tracking method: back-tracking the reference particle from the central region, i.e.: tracking the static balance track under high energy to a central area, and optimizing and adjusting the central area structure according to the beam track, wherein the optimized and adjusted central area structure is the position of an optimized and adjusted electrode column;

step five, optimizing the beam quality of the central area and determining the central area structure for optimizing the beam quality of the central area by using a particle tracking method: the method comprises the following steps of tracking reference particles from a center area in a forward direction to obtain a new particle track, and obtaining the position, the acceleration phase, the radial centering and the axial focusing of an electrode column clamped beam according to the new particle track, so that the center area structure for improving the beam quality is further optimized and adjusted according to the result, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, adjusting the acceleration phase when particles pass through the acceleration gap by adjusting the front and rear positions of the acceleration gap, and simultaneously determining the position of an electrode column clamped beam by the position of a beam track; when the acceleration phase is determined, adjusting the radial centering of the central area by adjusting the positions of the electrode pillars at the entrance and the exit of the acceleration gap beam according to the current electric field direction; after the radial centering adjustment is finished, adjusting the position of the electrode column clamping beam again; when the acceleration phase is determined, the axial focusing of the central area is adjusted by adjusting the height of the acceleration gap.

Step six, repeating the step five, iterating repeatedly, optimizing and adjusting the central area structure for clamping the beam and improving the beam quality until the central area structure reaches the design standard;

step seven, a multi-particle tracking method is used, the influence of space charge effect is considered, the step five and the step five are repeated, and the final central area structure is determined; the space charge effect is the interaction between the particles.

Calculating the energy of the particles passing through the physical entity between every two adjacent acceleration gaps in the central area in the first step, which comprises the following specific steps:

1) obtaining an initial energy E of the particle_initHigh frequency voltage V₀And harmonic number h, which have been determined in the preliminary design of the accelerator, wherein the relationship between the time difference and harmonic number, high frequency opening angle of the particles passing through the two acceleration gaps is:

τ₂-τ₁＝hα； (1)

2) the phase angle of the particles at the opening angle of the 1/2 high-frequency cavity is set as follows:

τ₁time of particle passing through 1 st acceleration gap, τ₂The time for the particle to pass through the 2 nd acceleration gap,

3) taking the acceleration of a particle with negative charges as an example, assuming that the charge of the particle is-q, the energies obtained by the particle in the acceleration gap (r) and the acceleration gap (r) are calculated as follows:

4) the sum of the energies obtained by the particles in the two acceleration gaps is calculated:

5) the energy of the particles after the n-th acceleration is:

wherein-q is the particle charge, when h α is 180 °, q is the average of the charge of the particle,The energy gain is maximum, and in the cyclotron, the energy gain can be enabled through reasonable designClose to 0, limited by the accelerator structure, with a maximum value α_mSometimes h α_m<180°。

The second step of calculating the radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle based on the energy on each physical entity comprises the following specific processes:

1) connecting the static balance tracks obtained in the step one to obtain a primary particle acceleration track;

2) placing each electrode column according to the primary particle acceleration track to enable the particle track to pass through the electrode columns;

and 2) placing each electrode column according to the primary particle acceleration track to enable the particle track to pass through the electrode columns, wherein the specific links are as follows:

1) arranging a 1 st circle of electrode column in the central area, wherein the 1 st circle of electrode column is arranged at the small radius of the 1 st circle of primary particle acceleration track of each high-frequency cavity head;

2) arranging a 2 nd circle of electrode column in the central area, wherein the 2 nd circle of electrode column is arranged at the small radius of the 2 nd circle of primary particle acceleration track of each high-frequency cavity and the flange;

the small radius of the links 1) and 2) is the radius of the track where the particles are located when the particles are subjected to the negative phase action of the high-frequency electric field; and the electrode columns arranged at the small radius positions of the links 1) and 2) are used for clamping particles which cannot be accelerated at the small radius positions from the central area.

And fifthly, adjusting the front and rear positions of the particle acceleration gap, namely moving the flange plates on two sides of the acceleration gap, the high-frequency cavity and the columns on the flange plates and the high-frequency cavity together so as to adjust the front and rear positions of the acceleration gap.

The fifth step of adjusting the positions of the electrode pillars at the entrance and the exit of the accelerating gap beam is specifically as follows: the radial alignment of the electrode column clamping beam and the electrode column adjusting beam is considered, under the condition that the position of the electrode column clamping beam is not influenced, when the beam flow is required to move towards a large radius during the adjustment of the beam alignment, the inlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards the large radius, and the outlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards a small radius, and when the beam flow is required to move towards the small radius during the adjustment of the beam alignment, the inlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards the small radius, and the outlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards the large radius.

Advantageous effects of the invention

The invention adopts the static balance track to position the electrode column for the first time and the reverse particle tracking to position the electrode column for the second time, thereby solving the problem of accurately designing the accelerated balance track of the central area. The method comprises the steps of tracking reference particles from a central area in a forward direction to obtain a new particle track, obtaining the position of an electrode column clamping beam and the position of an acceleration phase according to the new particle track, then carrying out radial centering according to the acceleration phase, adjusting the position of the clamping beam after the radial centering, and adjusting axial focusing after the radial centering.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of a central portion of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention adjusting the center area radial to the center harness position;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a static equilibrium trajectory at different energies;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the physical design of the center area of the high-current cyclotron according to the present invention;

Detailed Description

Design principle of the invention

1. The design principle of backward tracking the particle track in the central area. The innovation of the invention is not easy to think. This is not readily contemplated as meaning that the electrode column sub-beam position of the present invention is twice positioned. Without the first positioning, the second positioning is inaccurate, but only without the first positioning, the first positioning is more inaccurate, and only with the combination of the second positioning is accurate. The first positioning is that the electrode column is firstly placed in a high-frequency electric field after the static balance orbit is calculated, the electric field of the electrode column is placed in an electric field for back tracking, otherwise, the electric field of the motor column is not added during back tracking, when the central area beam track determined by back tracking is placed in the electrode column, the electric field changes, the beam track also changes when the electric field changes, and the tracking result without the electrode column and the actual tracking result with the electrode column are in error during back tracking. Therefore, before back tracking, the electrode column must be put into an electric field, and the position of the electrode column is a rough position calculated according to the static balance track, which is significant though the rough position; and (3) second positioning: firstly, the static balance orbit (the static balance orbit) of the particles is calculated by utilizing the characteristic that the track radiuses of the static balance orbit and the acceleration balance orbit are almost close when the accelerator reaches the outermost circle with the highest energyThe orbit is the orbit of the particle when the high-frequency cavity voltage is 0 and the particle operates only by the force of the magnetic field, and the static equilibrium orbit can pass through the initial energy E_initHigh frequency voltage V₀And harmonic number h) are calculated, the relevant parameters of the particle trajectory of the outermost circle of the statically balanced trajectory, such as the input parameters r, p, are input into the particle tracking software_rThe particle tracking software can calculate the parameters of the particle tracks of the acceleration balance tracks in all areas from a small radius to a large radius according to the input relevant parameters of the particle tracks of the outermost circle of the static balance track, and find the beam tracks of the acceleration balance track of the particles in the central area from the parameters, so that the beam tracks of the acceleration balance track in the central area are obtained, and finally the position of the electrode column for clamping the beams in the central area is determined.

The reason why only the relevant parameters of the static balance track at the outermost circle of the accelerator can be utilized but the relevant parameters of the track of the central area of the static balance track of the accelerator cannot be utilized is that the beam tracks of each circle of the static balance track and the acceleration balance track of the accelerator are different, the static balance track is closed, the radiuses of the symmetrical positions of the same circle are the same, but the beam track of the same circle of the acceleration balance track is a spiral track with the radius gradually increasing, the radius of each point is different, the larger the radius of such a spiral track, and the more the statically balanced track, the larger the difference near the center, therefore, the static balance track in the central area cannot be used to replace the acceleration balance track in the central area, and the beam track of the static balance track far away from the outermost ring of the central area with the highest energy must be used as the beam track of the outermost ring of the acceleration balance track.

2. Balance point design principle. The reason for the design of the balance point is that after the acceleration phase change in the beam quality, the other three aspects of the beam quality including the series of changes of the position of the clamped beam, the radial centering and the axial focusing are caused, so that a method of repeated iteration is required. When the beam path of the central area of the accelerator is determined, the position of the electrode column clamping beam and the positions before and after the acceleration gap (the position of the acceleration gap determines the beam quality of the acceleration phase) are determined firstly, because the two do not conflict with each other. The adjustment of the acceleration phase affects the radial centering, because the change of the acceleration phase changes the direction of the electric field, and the radial centering is adjusted according to the new direction of the electric field, so the step of radial centering is performed after the acceleration phase is determined. Because the radial centering is adjusted by adopting the electrode column, and meanwhile, the electrode column is adopted to clamp the electrode beam, the position of the electrode column is changed in the radial centering process, and the change can influence the position of the clamping beam which is determined originally, so the position of the electrode column clamping beam is required to be adjusted again after the radial centering is adjusted. The change of the acceleration phase not only affects the radial neutralization beam clamping, but also affects the axial focusing, after the acceleration phase is adjusted, the axial focusing of the central area also changes, and at the moment, the axial focusing is adjusted by adjusting the height of the acceleration gap of the central area.

Based on the principle of the invention, the invention designs a physical design method for the central area of the strong-flow cyclotron.

A method for designing the physical design of the central area of a high-current cyclotron is shown in fig. 1, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, calculating the energy of particles passing through each physical entity in a central area, wherein each physical entity in the central area is a high-frequency cavity or a flange between two adjacent accelerating gaps in the central area;

supplementary notes: fig. 1 is the plan view of the latter half of accelerator central plane, and the high frequency cavity is the lower high frequency cavity below the central plane, and the flange is the lower flange below the central plane, and reference particle orbit is laid on the central plane, the central plane is the central plane between magnetic pole, upper and lower flange, upper and lower high frequency cavity about the accelerator, and the beam is injected into the accelerator center from the ion source after, through the deflection of magnetic field and the acceleration of high frequency electric field, moves and constantly accelerates on the central plane, from the low energy region of central zone to the high energy region of accelerator outer lane, until being drawn out on the beam line outside the accelerator.

Step two, calculating the radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle based on the energy on each physical entity;

supplementary notes：The particle static equilibrium orbit is shown in fig. 3, the cyclotron relies on the magnetic field to provide deflection, so that the beam rotates in the accelerator and is repeatedly accelerated through the high-frequency cavity. The static equilibrium orbit is a closed orbit in which the particles move in the central plane of the accelerator under the action of a magnetic field. When the high-frequency cavity has no voltage, the particles can move along the static equilibrium orbit all the time. As shown in fig. 3, different energies correspond to different static balance orbits, and currently, mature static balance orbit calculation software exists.

Step three, determining a central area structure for the card beam according to the calculated radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle, wherein the central area structure is as follows: a plurality of electrode pillars which surround the 1 st and 2 nd circles of beam tracks in the central area and are respectively arranged at the proper positions of a high-frequency cavity and a flange of the beam tracks and are used for clamping off particles which cannot be accelerated in the central area;

supplementary explanation:this is the first positioning of the beamlet electrode column, which is only for the back tracking of the particle tracking software, the electric field of the electrode column can be calculated, but this positioning is coarse because the first positioning is not the actual trajectory of the beamlet but is based on a static equilibrium trajectory.

Step four, optimizing the central area structure for the card beam by using a particle tracking method: back-tracking the reference particle from the central region, i.e.: tracking the static balance track under high energy to a central area, and optimizing and adjusting the central area structure according to the beam track, wherein the optimized and adjusted central area structure is the position of an optimized and adjusted electrode column;

supplementary explanation:from the tracking of the static equilibrium orbit under high energy to the central area, the relevant parameters of the static equilibrium orbit under high energy need to be input into the particle tracking software, such as: θ, r, pr, e, t, θ, r, pr, e are parameters related to the static balance orbit: r is the difference between the radius of the particle and the radius of the static equilibrium orbit, the difference between the radial component of the momentum of the particle and the radial component of the momentum of the static equilibrium orbit, e is the energy, theta is the angle, time t is related to the isochronism of the magnetic field, and generally, when the input angle theta is selected from the symmetric surface of the valley region of the magnetic field, time t is near 0 deg.

Step five, optimizing the beam quality of the central area and determining the central area structure for optimizing the beam quality of the central area by using a particle tracking method: the method comprises the following steps of tracking reference particles from a center area in a forward direction to obtain a new particle track, and obtaining the position, the acceleration phase, the radial centering and the axial focusing of an electrode column clamped beam according to the new particle track, so that the center area structure for improving the beam quality is further optimized and adjusted according to the result, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, adjusting the acceleration phase when particles pass through the acceleration gap by adjusting the front and rear positions of the acceleration gap, and simultaneously determining the position of an electrode column clamped beam by the position of a beam track; when the acceleration phase is determined, adjusting the radial centering of the central area by adjusting the positions of the electrode pillars at the entrance and the exit of the acceleration gap beam according to the current electric field direction; after the radial centering adjustment is finished, adjusting the position of the electrode column clamping beam again; when the acceleration phase is determined, the axial focusing of the central area is adjusted by adjusting the height of the acceleration gap.

Step six, repeating the step five, iterating repeatedly, optimizing and adjusting the central area structure for clamping the beam and improving the beam quality until the central area structure reaches the design standard;

step seven, using a multi-particle tracking method, considering the influence of space charge effect, repeating the step five, and determining the final central area structure; the space charge effect is the interaction between the particles.

Calculating the energy of the particles passing through the physical entity between every two adjacent acceleration gaps in the central area in the first step, which comprises the following specific steps:

1) obtaining an initial energy E of the particle_initHigh frequency voltage V₀And harmonic number h, which have been determined in the preliminary design of the accelerator, wherein the relationship between the time difference and harmonic number, high frequency opening angle of the particles passing through the two acceleration gaps is:

τ₂-τ₁＝hα； (1)

2) the phase angle of the particles at the opening angle of the 1/2 high-frequency cavity is set as follows:

τ₁time of particle passing through 1 st acceleration gap, τ₂The time for the particle to pass through the 2 nd acceleration gap,

3) taking the acceleration of a particle with negative charges as an example, assuming that the charge of the particle is-q, the energies obtained by the particle in the acceleration gap (r) and the acceleration gap (r) are calculated as follows:

4) the sum of the energies obtained by the particles in the two acceleration gaps is calculated:

5) the energy of the particles after the n-th acceleration is:

wherein-q is the particle charge, when h α is 180 °, q is the average of the charge of the particle,The energy gain is maximum, and in the cyclotron, the energy gain can be enabled through reasonable designClose to 0, limited by the accelerator structure, with a maximum value α_mSometimes h α_m<180°。

The second step of calculating the radius of the static equilibrium orbit of the particle based on the energy on each physical entity comprises the following specific processes:

1) connecting the static balance tracks obtained in the step one to obtain a primary particle acceleration track;

2) placing each electrode column according to the primary particle acceleration track to enable the particle track to pass through the electrode columns;

supplementary explanation:

1. the particle trajectory is made to pass through between the electrode columns, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the particle trajectory is made to pass through between the front row and the rear row of electrode columns at the head of the high-frequency cavity, and the electrode columns arranged at the head of the high-frequency cavity are only for the first circle and the second circle of the beam trajectory, the first row of electrode columns is arranged at the head of each high-frequency cavity close to the center point of the accelerator, the first row of electrode columns is arranged at the small radius of the first circle of beam, and invalid particles are just blocked at the position of the small radius; the second row of electrode columns is used for clamping the beam current of the 2 nd circle and is arranged at the small radius of the beam current of the 2 nd circle, and meanwhile, the second row of electrode columns is also used for clamping the beam current overflowing from the track of the first circle of beam current;

supplementary explanation:

the invalid particles are particles positioned in the negative half circle of the high-frequency electric field, the particles in the negative half circle cannot be accelerated due to the fact that the electric field applied to the particles is negative, the energy of the particles is very low, the particles with low energy are positioned in the small radius of the beam track, the electrode columns are arranged on the small radius of the particle track, the particles with low energy on the small radius are clamped, otherwise, the more radiation generated by excessive accumulation of the invalid particles is, and the damage to a human body is great when the equipment is overhauled.

2. The beam clamping electrode columns are further arranged at the entrance or the exit of the 1 st circle of beam of the lower flange plate on two sides of each lower high-frequency cavity in the central area (the beam rotates anticlockwise, the edge of the lower flange is sometimes used as the beam entrance of the acceleration gap and sometimes used as the exit of the beam of the acceleration gap): and a central area lower support body for leading out ion source beam current is arranged around the center of the lower flange, and beam clamping electrode columns arranged at the inlet or the outlet of the 1 st ring of beam current of the lower flange are arranged at the periphery of the lower support body. The electrode post on the lower flange at the periphery of the lower support body of the central area and the electrode post at the head of the high-frequency cavity jointly form a beam channel of the 1 st circle of beam in the central area.

3. The clamping beam electrode column can be used for clamping beams and adjusting radial centering. As shown in FIG. 2, the inclination angle of the two rows of electrode posts in the front and back of the lower HF cavity cannot be too large when the radial alignment is adjusted, which would affect the position of the electrode post bundle before.

And 2) placing each electrode column according to the primary particle acceleration track to enable the particle track to pass through the electrode columns, wherein the specific links are as follows:

1) arranging a 1 st circle of electrode column in the central area, wherein the 1 st circle of electrode column is arranged at the small radius of the 1 st circle of primary particle acceleration track of each high-frequency cavity head;

2) arranging a 2 nd circle of electrode column in the central area, wherein the 2 nd circle of electrode column is arranged at the small radius of the 2 nd circle of primary particle acceleration track of each high-frequency cavity and the flange;

the small radius of the links 1) and 2) is the radius of the track where the particles are located when the particles are subjected to the negative phase action of the high-frequency electric field; and the electrode columns arranged at the small radius positions of the links 1) and 2) are used for clamping particles which cannot be accelerated at the small radius positions from the central area.

And fifthly, adjusting the front and rear positions of the particle acceleration gap, namely moving the flange plates on two sides of the acceleration gap, the high-frequency cavity and the columns on the flange plates and the high-frequency cavity together so as to adjust the front and rear positions of the acceleration gap.

The fifth step is that the positions of the electrode pillars at the entrance and the exit of the accelerating gap beam are adjusted as shown in fig. 2, and specifically: the radial alignment of the electrode column clamping beam and the electrode column adjusting beam is considered, under the condition that the position of the electrode column clamping beam is not influenced, when the beam flow is required to move towards a large radius during the adjustment of the beam alignment, the inlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards the large radius, and the outlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards a small radius, and when the beam flow is required to move towards the small radius during the adjustment of the beam alignment, the inlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards the small radius, and the outlet of the acceleration gap is moved towards the large radius.

It should be emphasized that the described embodiments of the present invention are illustrative rather than limiting and, thus, the present invention includes embodiments that are not limited to those described in the detailed description.