Special fertilizer for waxberries and application thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种杨梅专用肥及其应用 (Special fertilizer for waxberries and application thereof ) 是由 刘晓霞 章日亮 章哲 张圆圆 于 2021-08-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于肥料生产技术领域,具体涉及一种杨梅专用肥及其应用。本发明通过采取稳氮、减磷、增钾的原则,限定所述杨梅专用肥中N,P-2O-5和K-2O的重量百分比,并与中微量元素,有机质和生物炭等进行科学配比,实现了杨梅养分的均衡供给,提升了杨梅的风味,改善杨梅的品质,杨梅的产量增加,年度间产量变异较小。杨梅果实成熟时间提前3～5天,提早上市,每公斤售价提高2元,增大经济收入。(The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for waxberries and application thereof. The invention limits N, P in the special fertilizer for waxberry by adopting the principles of nitrogen stabilization, phosphorus reduction and potassium increase 2 O 5 And K 2 The weight percentage of the O is scientifically matched with the medium trace elements, the organic matters, the biochar and the like, so that the balanced supply of the nutrients of the waxberries is realized, the flavor of the waxberries is improved, the quality of the waxberries is improved, the yield of the waxberries is increased, and the annual yield variation is small. The maturation time of the waxberry fruits is 3-5 days earlier, the waxberry fruits appear on the market in advance, the selling price per kilogram is increased by 2 yuan, and the economic income is increased.)
1. The fertilizer special for waxberries is characterized by being a compound fertilizer comprising N and P2O5，K2O, medium trace elements, organic matters and biochar;
the N, P2O5And K2The weight ratio of O is 10-15: 3-5: 15 to 20.
2. The fertilizer special for waxberries, according to claim 1, wherein the medium trace elements comprise boron, zinc and molybdenum;
the boron accounts for 2% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries;
the zinc accounts for 2% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries;
the molybdenum accounts for 0.1% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries.
3. The fertilizer special for waxberries according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter accounts for 20-30% of the total mass of the fertilizer special for waxberries; the biochar accounts for 10-15% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries.
4. The fertilizer special for waxberries according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a filler, wherein the filler comprises one or more of bentonite, talcum powder and silicon oxide.
5. The application of the special fertilizer for waxberries according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in waxberry planting.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the fertilizer specially used for waxberries is applied as a base fertilizer and/or a top dressing.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the base fertilizer is applied in a manner comprising one of broadcasting and strip application; the application amount of the base fertilizer is 4-5 kg 667m-2。
8. The use of claim 6, wherein when applied as a top application, the application of the bayberry specific fertilizer comprises annular furrow application; the fertilizer special for the waxberries is applied as a fruit strengthening fertilizer in the waxberries fruit strengthening period and/or applied as a postharvest fertilizer after the waxberries are harvested.
9. The application of claim 8, wherein the application amount of the strong fruit fertilizer is 40-45 kg 667m-2(ii) a The application amount of the harvested fertilizer is 25-28 kg 667m-2。
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for waxberries and application thereof.
Background
The waxberry is a special economic fruit tree in China, has palatable sweet and sour fruits and rich nutrition, is rich in various amino acids, vitamins, organic acids and other nutritional ingredients, and has multiple effects of promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, strengthening spleen to promote appetite and the like. Although the cultivation history of the waxberries in China is long and more waxberries appear on the market, the quality of the waxberries is different, and the fertilizer plays a vital role in the yield and quality of the waxberries. For a long time, people rely on the past experience for planting the waxberries, researches on the fertilizer requirement rule of the waxberries, the effects of different fertilizer types and proportions on the yield and quality of the waxberries, the correlation among the waxberries and the like are less, the fertilization level of the waxberries is still relatively laggard, and an effective fertilization technical system is not formed yet. The research and development of the special fertilizer for the waxberries realize balanced nutrient supply and improve the yield and the quality of the waxberries become problems to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The fertilizer special for the waxberries provided by the invention is efficient and slow-release, realizes balanced supply of nutrients of the waxberries, improves the yield and quality of the waxberries and increases the economic income.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a special fertilizer for waxberries, which is a compound fertilizer comprising N and P2O5，K2O, medium trace elements, organic matters and biochar;
the N, P2O5And K2The weight ratio of O is 10-15: 3-5: 15 to 20.
Preferably, the medium trace elements include boron, zinc and molybdenum;
the boron accounts for 2% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries;
the zinc accounts for 2% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries;
the molybdenum accounts for 0.1% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries.
Preferably, the organic matter accounts for 20-30% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries; the biochar accounts for 10-15% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries.
Preferably, the filler further comprises one or more of bentonite, talcum powder and silica.
The invention also provides an application of the special fertilizer for waxberries in waxberry planting.
Preferably, the special fertilizer for waxberries is applied as a base fertilizer and/or an additional fertilizer.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied in a mode of one of broadcasting and strip application; the application amount of the base fertilizer is 4-5 kg 667m-2。
Preferably, when the special fertilizer is applied as an additional fertilizer, the application mode of the special fertilizer for the waxberries comprises annular furrow application; the fertilizer special for the waxberries is applied as a fruit strengthening fertilizer in the waxberries fruit strengthening period and/or applied as a postharvest fertilizer after the waxberries are harvested.
Preferably, the application amount of the strong fruit fertilizer is 40-45 kg 667m-2(ii) a The application amount of the harvested fertilizer is 25-28 kg 667m-2。
The invention provides a special fertilizer for waxberries, which is a compound fertilizer comprising N and P2O5，K2O, medium trace elements, organic matters and biochar; the N, P2O5And K2The weight ratio of O is 10-15: 3-5: 15 to 20. According to the special fertilizer for the waxberries, provided by the invention, the principles of nitrogen stabilization, phosphorus reduction and potassium increase are adopted, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements, organic matters and charcoal are scientifically proportioned, the growth characteristics and fertilizer requirement characteristics of the waxberries are met, the fertilizer is efficiently and slowly released, the balanced supply of nutrients of the waxberries is realized, the flavor of the waxberries is improved, the quality of the waxberries is improved, the yield of the waxberries is increased by 15.38% -78.95% compared with the conventional fertilizer application, and the yield variation is small.
Furthermore, the special fertilizer for the waxberries is applied as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer, so that the fruits of the waxberries can be ripe 3-5 days earlier, the waxberries are large in single fruit and good in taste, the selling price per kilogram can be increased by 1-2 yuan, and the economic income is increased.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 shows the growth of red bayberry in the red bayberry fertilizer of the present invention applied for two consecutive years.
Fig. 2 shows the situation of the conventional waxberry fertilizer applied to waxberries for two years.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a special fertilizer for waxberries, which comprises N and P2O5，K2O, medium trace elements, organic matters and biochar;
in the present invention, the N, P2O5And K2The weight ratio of O is 10-15: 3-5: 15-20, preferably 12-14: 3-5: 16-18, more preferably 12: 5: 18. based on the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries, the N preferably accounts for 10-15% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries, and is further preferably 12%; the P is2O5The special fertilizer for waxberries preferably accounts for 3-5% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries, and further preferably accounts for 4%; said K2O preferably accounts for 15-20% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries, and more preferably accounts for 18%.
The trace elements in the present invention preferably include boron, boron and molybdenum. Based on the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries, the boron preferably accounts for 2% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries; the zinc preferably accounts for 2% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries; the molybdenum preferably accounts for 0.1% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries. In the invention, the boron is counted as B, and the zinc is counted as ZnSO4·7H2O, the molybdenum being calculated as Mo.
Based on the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries, the organic matter preferably accounts for 20-30% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries, and more preferably accounts for 25%.
Based on the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries, the biochar preferably accounts for 10-15% of the total mass of the special fertilizer for waxberries, and more preferably accounts for 15%.
The invention adopts the principles of nitrogen stabilization, phosphorus reduction and potassium increase to scientifically mix nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium trace elements, organic matters and biochar, meets the nutrient requirements of growing leaves, roots and fruits of the waxberries, and has the effects of balanced nutrient supply, high-efficiency slow release, yield increase and quality improvement and the like.
The special fertilizer for waxberries provided by the invention preferably comprises a filling agent. The filler preferably comprises one or more of bentonite, talcum powder and silicon oxide, and more preferably comprises one or more of bentonite and talcum powder.
The invention also provides application of the special fertilizer for the waxberries in waxberry planting, and the application amount of the special fertilizer for the waxberries is preferably 69-78 kg 667m-2More preferably 70 to 75kg 667m-2(ii) a The special fertilizer for the waxberries is preferably applied as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer.
When the special fertilizer for waxberries is applied as a base fertilizer, the application amount of the special fertilizer for waxberries is preferably 4-5 kg 667m-2(ii) a The application time of the special fertilizer for waxberries as a base fertilizer is preferably 3 ten days; the application mode of the special fertilizer for waxberries as a base fertilizer is preferably one of broadcasting application and strip application. The fertilizer special for the waxberries is preferably applied as a fruit strengthening fertilizer in the fruit strengthening period of the waxberries and/or applied as a postharvest fertilizer after the waxberries are harvested. When the special fertilizer for the waxberries is applied as a fruit strengthening fertilizer in the fruit strengthening period of the waxberries, the application amount of the fruit strengthening fertilizer is preferably 40-45 kg 667m-2More preferably 42kg 667m-2(ii) a The application time of the strong fruit fertilizer is preferably 4 middle and last ten days.
When the special fertilizer for the waxberries is applied as a postharvest fertilizer after the waxberries are harvested, the total application amount of the postharvest fertilizer is preferably 25-28 kg 667m-2More preferably 26kg 667m-2(ii) a The application time of the postharvest fertilizer is preferably 7 months.
In the invention, by applying the special fertilizer for the waxberries, the soluble solid content, sugar degree, vitamin and anthocyanin content of the waxberries can be effectively improved, the soluble solid content is improved by 15.45-32.04%, the sugar degree is improved by 13.46-24.76%, the vitamin is improved by 12.50-19.42%, the anthocyanin content is improved by 25.00-33.33%, the flavor of the waxberries is improved, the quality of the waxberries is improved, the yield of the waxberries is increased by 15.38-78.95%, the effect of obviously correcting the year-round of the yield of the waxberries is achieved, and the yield variation is small. In addition, the special fertilizer for the waxberries is applied as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer, so that the waxberries can be ripe 3-5 days earlier, the waxberries are large in single fruit and good in taste, the selling price per kilogram can be increased by 1-2 yuan, and the economic income is increased.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
According to 10% N, 3% P2O5、15％K2O, 2 percent of boron, 2 percent of zinc, 0.1 percent of molybdenum, 20 percent of organic matter, 10 percent of biochar and 37.9 percent of (water and filling agent) to prepare the special fertilizer for the waxberries.
Example 2
According to 15% N, 5% P2O5，20％K2O, 2 percent of boron, 2 percent of zinc, 0.1 percent of molybdenum, 30 percent of organic matter, 15 percent of biochar and 10.9 percent of (water and filling agent) to prepare the special fertilizer for the waxberries.
Example 3
According to 12% N, 4% P2O5，18％K2O, 2 percent of boron, 2 percent of zinc, 0.1 percent of molybdenum, 25 percent of organic matter, 12 percent of biochar and 24.9 percent of (water and filling agent) to prepare the special fertilizer for the waxberries.
Application example 1
In the fruit tree planting process, a fertilizer (marked as a conventional fertilizer) which is conventionally used is used as a control group, and a fertilizer special for waxberries in embodiment 1 of the invention is used as an experimental group to plant the waxberries. The specific fertilizer types, application time and application amount are performed according to the following table 1-5.
Table 12013 years fertilizer type and dosage
TABLE 22014 years Fertilizer types and dosages
Table 32015 year fertilizer type and dosage
TABLE 42016 years Fertilizer types and dosages
TABLE 52017 year fertilizer variety and dosage
Visual testing example 1
The growth of 8-year old red bayberries was photographed and the results are shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the harvest time, yield, soluble solids, sugar content, vitamins and anthocyanin content of red bayberries were measured for 5 consecutive (consistent treatment) years, and the measurement results are shown in table 6 below:
TABLE 6 continuous five-year waxberry yield, flavor and quality measurements
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the waxberries to which the fertilizer specially for waxberries according to the present invention is applied have good growth status and larger single fruit compared to the control group (conventional fertilizer).
As can be seen from the data in Table 6, the picking period of the red bayberries in the control group (conventional fertilizer) is later than that of the test group (special fertilizer for red bayberries), and the maturation time of the red bayberry fruits applying the special fertilizer for red bayberries is 3-5 days earlier than that of the conventional fertilizer. The special fertilizer for waxberries effectively improves the soluble solid content, sugar degree, vitamin and anthocyanin content of the waxberries, wherein the soluble solid content of the special fertilizer is improved by 15.45-32.04% compared with the conventional fertilizer, the sugar degree is improved by 13.46-24.76%, the vitamin is improved by 12.50-19.42%, the anthocyanin content is improved by 25.00-33.33%, the yield of the waxberries is improved by 15.38-78.95%, and the special fertilizer for waxberries plays an important role in improving the flavor, improving the quality and increasing the yield of the waxberries.
Visual testing example 2
The variation degree of the 5-year waxberry yield is analyzed, the variation coefficient is standard deviation/average value, the standard deviation and average value of the 5-year yield are calculated by excel, and the results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 continuous five-year variation degree of waxberry yield
As can be seen from Table 3, the yield variation is small (the variation coefficient is 11.91%) between years when the special fertilizer for red bayberries is applied, which indicates that the special fertilizer for red bayberries has an obvious effect of correcting the red bayberry yield for the big or small years.
The embodiments can show that the content of soluble solid matters, sugar degree, vitamins, anthocyanin and the yield of waxberries in the special waxberry fertilizer provided by the invention are effectively improved, wherein the content of the soluble solid matters in the special waxberry fertilizer is improved by 15.45-32.04% compared with the content of the soluble solid matters in the conventional fertilizer, the sugar degree is improved by 13.46-24.76%, the vitamins are improved by 12.50-19.42%, the content of the anthocyanin is improved by 25.00-33.33%, and the yield is improved by 15.38-78.95%, so that the special waxberry fertilizer has important effects on improving the flavor, improving the quality and improving the yield of the waxberries. The annual yield variation of the waxberries to which the special fertilizer for the waxberries is applied is small, the special fertilizer has an obvious effect of correcting the annual yield of the waxberries, the single waxberries are large, the fruit ripening time is 3-5 days earlier than that of a conventional fertilizer, the waxberries can be brought into the market in advance, the selling price of each kilogram of the waxberries is increased by 2 yuan, and the economic income is increased
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.