阅读说明：本技术 南美白对虾工厂化养殖全生长周期饵料投喂方法 (Industrial aquaculture full-growth-cycle bait feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone ) 是由 庞洪帅 刘敏 于 2021-08-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种南美白对虾工厂化养殖全生长周期饵料投喂方法。养殖前期开口饵料为卤水丰年虫,每万尾虾每天投喂0.05-0.08kg开口饵料,根据虾的生长变化,每天增加8±1％的投喂量,投喂频率为4次/天；养殖中期投喂对虾全价商品饲料,日投喂量为对虾体重的5-7％,投喂频率以3-4次/天,下午及晚上投饵量占全天投饵量的60-70％；养殖后期日投喂量为对虾体重的3-5％,投喂频率为4-5次/天,下午及晚上投饵量占全天投饵量的60-70％。本发明利用南美白对虾全生长周期各阶段饵料的投喂策略,提高其摄食率、饵料转化率,减少饵料浪费,降低水中氨氮含量,避免水体富营养化；各生长阶段相对应投喂策略不仅能降低饵料系数,使对虾生长迅速,有利于南美白对虾的摄食、消化和吸收。(The invention provides a whole growth cycle bait feeding method for industrial culture of penaeus vannamei boone. The initial feed at the early stage of cultivation is brine fairy shrimp, 0.05-0.08kg of initial feed is fed to each ten thousand shrimps every day, the feeding amount is increased by 8 +/-1% every day according to the growth change of the shrimps, and the feeding frequency is 4 times/day; feeding prawn complete commercial feed in the middle stage of cultivation, wherein daily feeding amount is 5-7% of prawn weight, feeding frequency is 3-4 times/day, and feeding amount in afternoon and evening accounts for 60-70% of daily feeding amount; the daily feeding amount of the prawn in the later period of cultivation is 3-5% of the weight of the prawn, the feeding frequency is 4-5 times/day, and the feeding amount in the afternoon and evening accounts for 60-70% of the feeding amount in the whole day. According to the method, the feeding strategy of the baits in each stage of the whole growth cycle of the penaeus vannamei boone is utilized, the ingestion rate and the bait conversion rate of the penaeus vannamei boone are improved, the bait waste is reduced, the ammonia nitrogen content in water is reduced, and the water eutrophication is avoided; the feeding strategy corresponding to each growth stage can not only reduce the bait coefficient and lead the penaeus vannamei to grow rapidly, but also is beneficial to the ingestion, digestion and absorption of the penaeus vannamei.)

1. A whole growth cycle bait feeding method for industrial culture of penaeus vannamei boone, which is characterized in that,

feeding brine fairy shrimp as initial feed of shrimp larvae in the early stage of cultivation, wherein the feeding amount is 0.05-0.08kg of initial feed per ten thousand shrimps per day, then the feeding amount is increased by 8 +/-1% per day according to the growth change of the shrimps, the feeding frequency in the early stage of cultivation can be arranged to be 4 times per day, the feeding time is 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours per day, the first month of feeding of the shrimp larvae is in the early stage of cultivation, and the specification of the shrimp larvae of the penaeus vannamei in the early stage is 0.5-3 cm;

feeding complete commercial feed for prawns in the middle of cultivation, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5-7% of the weight of prawns, the feeding frequency is 3-4 times per day, the feeding amount in the afternoon and evening accounts for 60-70% of the feeding amount in the whole day, and the specific feeding time is 7 hours, 12 hours and 20 hours or 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours per day; the middle culture period is 30-45 days of putting the shrimp seeds, and the specifications of the shrimps are about 3-9 cm;

in the later stage of cultivation, feeding the complete commercial feed of the prawns, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the prawns, the feeding frequency is 4-5 times per day, the feeding amount in the afternoon and evening accounts for 60-70% of the feeding amount in the whole day, the specific feeding time is 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours or 7 hours, 11 hours, 16 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours per day, and the specification of the prawns is more than 9cm after 45 days of feeding of the prawns in the later stage of cultivation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of penaeus vannamei boone cultivation, in particular to a full growth cycle bait feeding method for industrial cultivation of penaeus vannamei boone.

Background

Penaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei), belonging to the Crustacea, the order of decapod, the family of Penaeidae, the genus Penaeus, is native to the Pacific coast of south America, is mainly distributed in tropical waters of the Pacific coast of the United states, from the gulf of Mexico to the middle of Peru, and is more concentrated in the waters near the Ecuador. Since the introduction of 1988, the shrimp culture medium has gradually become a main economic variety of the shrimp culture industry in China. The penaeus vannamei boone belongs to omnivorous species, can eat organic crumbs in a pond under the condition of artificial breeding, and has higher requirement on the curing rate of feed. The penaeus vannamei boone has rich nutrition, delicious taste, soft meat quality like fish, easy digestion, no fishy smell and bone spur, suitability for all ages, deep favor of the masses in China and higher economic value.

In the high-density culture of the penaeus vannamei boone, bait feeding is a very key management link, and the feeding strategy of the bait influences the growth condition and multiple indexes of the penaeus vannamei boone. The demand of the penaeus vannamei boone on animal baits is not very strict, the penaeus vannamei boone can grow normally as long as the ratio of protein in bait components accounts for more than 20%, but in production practice, the phenomena of bait waste, high culture cost, water pollution, small marketing specification, low yield and the like of the penaeus vannamei boone are caused by improper feeding, so the feeding strategy in the whole growth stage of the penaeus vannamei boone is particularly important.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the technical problems, the bait feeding method for the whole growth period of the industrial culture of the penaeus vannamei boone is provided. The invention mainly utilizes bait feeding strategies of the penaeus vannamei boone in different growth stages, thereby improving the ingestion rate and the bait conversion rate of the penaeus vannamei boone, accelerating the growth of the penaeus vannamei boone, improving the yield and the marketing specification of the penaeus vannamei boone, and further improving the economic benefit and the social benefit. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:

a method for feeding baits for industrial culture of penaeus vannamei boone in a full growth period,

feeding brine fairy shrimp as initial feed of shrimp fries in the early stage of cultivation, wherein the feeding amount is 0.05-0.08kg of initial feed per ten thousand shrimps per day, then the feeding amount is increased by 8 +/-1% per day according to the growth change of the shrimps, the feeding frequency in the early stage of cultivation can be 4 times per day, the feeding time is 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours per day, the first month of shrimp fries in the early stage of cultivation is the first month of shrimp fries in the early stage, and the specification of the south China white shrimp fries in the early stage is 0.5-3 cm;

feeding the penaeus vannamei compound feed in the middle period of cultivation, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5-7% of the weight of the penaeus vannamei, the feeding frequency is 3-4 times per day, the feeding amount in the afternoon and evening accounts for 60-70% of the feeding amount in the whole day, and the specific feeding time is 7 hours, 12 hours and 20 hours or 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours per day; the middle culture period is 30-45 days of putting the shrimp seeds, and the specifications of the shrimps are about 3-9 cm;

in the later period of cultivation, feeding the compound feed for the penaeus vannamei boone, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the penaeus vannamei boone, the feeding frequency is 4-5 times per day, the afternoon and evening feeding amount accounts for 60-70% of the feeding amount of the whole day, the specific feeding time is 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours or 7 hours, 11 hours, 16 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours per day, and the specification of the penaeus vannamei boone is more than 9cm after 45 days of feeding of the penaeus vannamei boone in the later period of cultivation.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. the bait cost is reduced, the bait utilization rate is improved, and the resource waste is reduced;

2. the environmental pollution of the culture water body is reduced, and green and healthy culture is realized;

3. the growth performance of the penaeus vannamei boone is improved, the culture yield is enlarged, and the economic benefit is improved.

Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of prawn culture and the like.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more fully describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Table 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a bait feeding method for industrial culture of Penaeus vannamei Boone in the whole growth period,

in the early stage of cultivation (the first month of putting the shrimp seeds), the specification of the south America white shrimp seeds is about 0.5-3cm, biological baits such as brine fairy shrimp and the like are fed as initial baits of the shrimp seeds, the feeding amount is 0.05-0.08kg of initial baits for every ten thousand of shrimps per day, then the feeding amount is increased by 8 +/-1% per day according to the growth change of the shrimps, the feeding frequency in the stage can be arranged to be 4 times per day, and the specific feeding time is 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours per day;

TABLE 1 Effect of feeding frequency on Penaeus vannamei growth Performance at early cultivation

TABLE 2 influence of feeding frequency on aquaculture water environment in early stage of aquaculture

As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, in the early stage of cultivation (the first month of putting shrimp larvae), the bait feeding method of the invention has low bait coefficient, which indicates that the feed utilization rate is high; the survival rate is more than 90 percent, which indicates that the survival rate is high; the protein efficiency is high, which indicates that the prawn has good digestion and absorption on the feed; the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate are obviously increased, which indicates that the growth is fast and the yield is high; the ammonia nitrogen content in the water body is low, and the pollution to the aquaculture water environment is small; the feed is utilized to the maximum extent through a feeding strategy, the immunity of the penaeus vannamei boone is enhanced, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is improved, and therefore the economic benefit is improved.

An important transition period from the early stage of cultivation to the middle stage of cultivation, which is also called a hepatic transformation period, is a key transition period from feeding floating swimming plants to feeding commercial feeds for prawns, generally appears and completes the feeding transition on the 25 th to 30 th days (at the latest, 35 days) after the young prawns are put, and can be judged by observing whether the white membrane appears behind liver and pancreas of prawns.

After the liver-turning period, namely the middle culture period (30-45 days after the shrimp larvae are put in), the period is the breeding period of the prawns, and the specifications of the prawns are about 3-9 cm. In the stage, complete commercial feed for prawns is mainly fed, the daily feeding amount is generally 5-7% of the weight of prawns, the feeding frequency is preferably 3-4 times per day, the feeding amount in the afternoon and evening accounts for 60-70% of the feeding amount in the whole day, and the specific feeding time is 7 hours, 12 hours and 20 hours (or 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours) per day;

TABLE 3 Effect of feeding frequency on the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei Boone in the middle of cultivation

TABLE 4 influence of feeding frequency on aquaculture water environment in the middle of aquaculture

As can be seen from the data in tables 3 and 4, 30-45d after the shrimp larvae are thrown, the bait feeding method has low bait coefficient, which indicates that the utilization rate of the feed is high; the survival rate is more than 90 percent, which indicates that the survival rate is high; the protein efficiency is high, which indicates that the prawn has good digestion and absorption on the feed; the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate are obviously higher than those of other groups, which indicates that the growth is fast and the yield is high; the ammonia nitrogen content in the water body is low, and the pollution to the environment of the aquaculture water is small; the feed is utilized to the maximum extent through a feeding strategy, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is ensured, the marketing specification level and the yield are improved, and therefore the economic benefit is improved.

In the later period of cultivation (45 days after the shrimp larvae are released): the stage is the growing period of the prawns, the specifications of the prawns are generally larger than 9cm, the final breeding stage is the last breeding stage before the prawns reach the market specifications, the final specifications and the yield of the prawns on the market are directly related, and therefore the feeding amount and the feeding frequency are properly increased to increase the yield and improve the yield by combining with the actual situation. The daily feeding amount in this stage is 3-5% of shrimp weight, the feeding frequency is preferably 4-5 times/day, the feeding amount in afternoon and evening is 60-70% of the total day feeding amount, and the feeding time is 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours (or 7 hours, 11 hours, 16 hours, 19 hours and 21 hours) per day.

TABLE 5 Effect of feeding frequency on Penaeus vannamei Boone growth Performance at later stages of cultivation

TABLE 6 influence of feeding frequency on aquaculture water environment in later period of aquaculture

From the data in tables 5 and 6, it can be known that after the shrimp larvae are thrown for 45d, the bait feeding method of the invention has low bait coefficient, which indicates that the utilization rate of the bait is high; the survival rate is more than 98 percent, which indicates that the survival rate is high; the protein efficiency is high, which indicates that the prawn has good digestion and absorption on the feed; the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate are obviously higher than those of other groups, which indicates that the growth is fast and the yield is high; the ammonia nitrogen content in the water body is low, and the pollution to the culture water environment is small; the feed is utilized to the maximum extent through a feeding strategy, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is ensured, the marketing specification level and the yield are improved, and therefore the economic benefit is improved.

TABLE 7 bait feeding strategy for whole growth cycle of Penaeus vannamei Boone cultivation

Finally, it should be noted that: while the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and equivalent arrangements, which are equivalent to those of the embodiments of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and which can be obtained by applying the above-disclosed technical disclosure; meanwhile, any changes, modifications and alterations of the above embodiments with equivalent changes and alterations made according to the actual techniques of the present invention are also within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.