阅读说明：本技术 一种利用沸石分子筛促进设施园艺作物光合效率的方法 (Method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of facility horticultural crops by using zeolite molecular sieve ) 是由 师恺 王安然 王亮 王海 王娇 吕建荣 喻景权 于 2021-07-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用沸石分子筛促进设施园艺作物光合效率的方法,所述的沸石分子筛为Silicalite-1分子筛,包括以下步骤：(1)对Silicalite-1分子筛进行预处理,使其充分吸附CO-2；(2)将预处理后的Silicalite-1分子筛转移至CO-2浓度≤480ppm的设施栽培环境,Silicalite-1分子筛静置缓释CO-2。Silicalite-1分子筛为MFI型的全硅分子筛,内部具有孔道和空腔,可以用于吸附和脱附CO-2,本技术方案可以实现Silicalite-1分子筛常温常压下吸附和脱附CO-2,并在低能耗的条件下提高设施园艺作物的光合作用,进而促进设施园艺作物的生长,具有操作简便安全,环境友好的特点。(The invention discloses a method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of horticultural crops by using a zeolite molecular sieve, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is a Silicalite-1 molecular sieve, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve to make the molecular sieve fully adsorb CO 2 (ii) a (2) Transferring the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve to CO 2 Facility cultivation environment with concentration less than or equal to 480ppm, Silicalite-1 molecular sieve standing for slow release of CO 2 . The Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is an MFI type all-silicon molecular sieve, has a pore channel and a cavity inside, and can be used for adsorbing and desorbing CO 2 The technical scheme can realize adsorption and desorption of CO by the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve at normal temperature and normal pressure 2 And the photosynthesis of the facility horticultural crops is improved under the condition of low energy consumption, so that the growth of the facility horticultural crops is promoted, and the method has the characteristics of simple, convenient and safe operation and environmental friendliness.)

1. A method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of horticultural crops in facilities by using a zeolite molecular sieve is characterized in that the zeolite molecular sieve is a Silicalite-1 molecular sieve, and comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreating the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve to make the molecular sieve fully adsorb CO₂；

(2) Transferring the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve to CO₂Facility cultivation environment with concentration less than or equal to 480ppm, Silicalite-1 molecular sieve standing for slow release of CO₂(ii) a CO improving facility cultivation environment₂Concentration, and promoting the photosynthetic efficiency of the horticultural crops.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (1) of pretreating the horticultural crop with the zeolite molecular sieve comprises: filling CO into a closed space filled with Silicalite-1 molecular sieve₂And sealing and standing for 1-12 h.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is mixed with CO to enhance photosynthetic efficiency of the horticultural crop in the facility₂The volume ratio of the filling amount is 0.01-100: 1000.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-treating step comprises: filling CO into a closed space filled with Silicalite-1 molecular sieve₂Sealing and standing for 1-4 h; the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and CO₂The volume ratio of the filling amount is 0.1-4: 1000.

5. The method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of horticultural facility crops using zeolite molecular sieve as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the amount of the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is 30-100 cm per cubic meter of the environment in which the facility is cultivated³。

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is stationary for releasing CO slowly, and the method comprises₂And (4) taking out after at least 3h, returning to the step (1), and repeating for 1-10 times.

7. The method for promoting the photosynthetic efficiency of horticultural crops at facility as claimed in claim 6, wherein the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is dried and regenerated at high temperature after being reused for 4 times, and then is used continuously, and the conditions of drying and regeneration at high temperature are 100-300 ℃ and 1-48 hours.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the horticultural crop is a tomato plant.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step (1) of pretreating the garden crops with zeolite molecular sieves comprises: filling CO into a closed space filled with Silicalite-1 molecular sieve₂Is sealed and fixedStanding for 1-4 h; the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and CO₂The volume ratio of the filling amount is 1-4: 1000; in the step (2), the usage amount of the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is 40-90 cm per cubic meter of facility cultivation environment³。

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of facility agriculture, and particularly relates to a facility for improving plant cultivation CO by using a zeolite molecular sieve₂Concentration and method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of horticultural crops.

Background

The facility agriculture is an important direction for structure optimization and transformation upgrading of the agricultural industry in China, and the improvement of the environment regulation and control capability is the key for improving the efficiency and increasing the yield of the facility agriculture. CO in the room/greenhouse due to the environmental conditions of the facility cultivation and photosynthesis of the crop₂The concentration is continuously reduced, so that the facility crops are in CO₂The hunger state further seriously affects the growth and the stress resistance of organs such as stems, leaves, fruits and the like. Thus, CO is applied₂The air fertilizer is one of the important measures for realizing high-quality and high-efficiency production of facility agriculture.

CO is currently carried out in facilities₂The main methods of enrichment are: ventilation method, CO₂Steel cylinder method, increasing application of farm organic fertilizer, combustion gas-making method, chemical reaction method, etc. Of the above methods, the most common ventilation methods have limited effectiveness, and the combustion gas production method and the chemical reaction method are also common, but both methods produce new CO₂Does not meet the requirement of low-carbon agriculture, so that safe, simple, environment-friendly and efficient CO is developed₂Enrichment technology is an urgent need of the current agricultural facility cultivation industry.

Zeolite molecular sieve is a crystalline aluminosilicate with pores inside, can sieve different fluid molecules according to the size of effective pore diameter and the interaction between molecules, and is commonly used for separation and purification of gas, liquid and the like. The Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is an MFI type all-silicon molecular sieve, which is used for CH₄、N₂、CO₂The gas has better adsorption effect (Chang Wang et al, "A crystal seeds-associated synthesis of micropous and mesoporus silicalite-1and the CO)₂/N₂/CH₄/C₂H₆adsorption properties ", microporus and mesoporus Materials, 2017(242), 231-. The structure is special, the hydrothermal stability is high, the aperture range is 0.5-0.6 nm, and the method is widely used for pressure swing adsorptionAnd the fields of attachment and separation. Silicalite-1 achieves adsorption mainly through the surface of lattice micropores composed of Si-O-Si due to the lack of a cationic strong electrostatic adsorption center in the structure (Longying et al, "study of adsorption and desorption properties of Silicalite-1", petrochemical, 1994 (12): 786-.

Chinese patent publication No. CN1457642A discloses a method and composition for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance, and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using a carbon dioxide adsorbent, which comprises spraying the carbon dioxide adsorbent on the plant to form a high-concentration carbon dioxide gas layer on the surface of the plant, thereby improving photosynthetic rate, reducing transpiration strength of the plant, and further improving drought resistance and water utilization rate of the plant. The carbon dioxide adsorbent is preferably various natural molecular sieves, artificially synthesized molecular sieves and the like, the diameter of the molecular sieve is larger than that of the carbon dioxide molecule, and the carbon dioxide adsorbent can be compounded with plant nutrients, surfactants, adhesives, stabilizers, pesticides and the like to form a composition for use. In the invention, the carbon dioxide adsorbent needs to be sprayed on plants, the specific application method of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is not limited, and in addition, when the carbon dioxide adsorbent is compounded into a composition for use, the action effect of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is unclear, and the operation is complicated.

Chinese patent publication No. CN108031238A discloses an apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for facility agriculture, comprising: an external pipeline communicated with the greenhouse, an adsorption and desorption bed layer, a blower for blowing air and CO arranged on the external pipeline₂A concentration detection device, a temperature control device and the like. The device has a complex structure and can be used for capturing CO in the air₂Stored in the adsorption and desorption bed layer, and the collected CO is desorbed₂Entering the greenhouse to ensure that CO in the greenhouse₂The concentration meets the requirements of crops. However, in this invention, CO is collected₂The desorption can be carried out only by heating, the energy consumption is high, and the adsorption bed layer is composed of a 5A molecular sieve, a 13X molecular sieve or a carbon molecular sieve loaded with potassium hydroxide.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of horticultural crops by using zeolite molecular sieve, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is Silicalite-1 molecular sieve, the method is simple to operate, low in energy consumption and wide in applicability, and CO can be needed at normal temperature and normal pressure without adopting modes of pressure swing or heating and the like₂Enriched facility cultivation environment application of CO₂The air fertilizer promotes the photosynthetic efficiency of the facility horticultural crops and improves the growth amount of the facility horticultural crops.

The technical scheme is as follows:

a method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of horticultural crops in facilities by using a zeolite molecular sieve is characterized in that the zeolite molecular sieve is a Silicalite-1 molecular sieve, and comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreating the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve to make the molecular sieve fully adsorb CO₂；

(2) Transferring the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve to CO₂Facility cultivation environment with concentration less than or equal to 480ppm, Silicalite-1 molecular sieve standing for slow release of CO₂(ii) a CO improving facility cultivation environment₂Concentration, and can raise photosynthesis of horticultural crops.

The Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is an MFI type all-silicon molecular sieve, does not contain metal ions, has a pore channel and a cavity inside, and can be used for adsorbing and desorbing CO₂To require CO₂Enriched facility cultivation environment application of CO₂And (4) air fertilizer.

The invention develops a method for promoting the photosynthetic efficiency of facility horticultural crops by using a Silicalite-1 molecular sieve, and CO in a facility cultivation environment is realized by regulating and controlling the pretreatment process, the application amount of the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and the like in the method₂The artificial regulation and control of the enrichment effect can meet the requirement of different facility horticultural crops and the requirement of the facility horticultural crops on CO in different growth periods₂To promote the growth of horticultural crops in facilities.

Preferably, in the step (1), the pretreatment method is as follows: filling CO into a closed space filled with Silicalite-1 molecular sieve₂And sealing and standing for 1-12 h.

The Silicalite-1 molecular sieve with CO₂The volume ratio of the filling amount is 0.01-100: 1000.

Preferably, the adsorption saturation point, CO, of the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is considered₂The utilization efficiency and the time cost are reduced, and the sealing and standing time is 1-4 h; the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and CO₂The volume ratio of the filling amount is 0.1-4: 1000.

In the step (2), the usage amount of the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is 30-100 cm per cubic meter of facility cultivation environment³。

As more water vapor exists in the facility cultivation environment, and the adsorption and desorption of CO by the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve can be influenced by the high-humidity environment₂After the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is repeatedly used for 4 times, the molecular sieve needs to be dried and regenerated at a high temperature and then continuously used, wherein the high-temperature drying and regeneration conditions are 100-300 ℃ and 1-48 hours.

Preferably, the horticultural plant is a tomato.

Further preferably, in the step (1), the pretreatment method is: filling CO into a closed space filled with Silicalite-1 molecular sieve₂Sealing and standing for 1-4 h; the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and CO₂The volume ratio of the filling amount is 1-4: 1000; in the step (2), the usage amount of the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is 40-90 cm per cubic meter of facility cultivation environment³. Silicalite-1 molecular sieves were pretreated under the conditions described above and transferred to CO₂Standing for slowly releasing CO in tomato facility cultivation environment with concentration less than or equal to 480ppm₂After 0.5h, CO in facility cultivation environment₂The concentration can be increased by 100-1000 ppm, and compared with a control group, the concentration of the intercellular CO of the leaves of the facility horticultural crops₂The concentration is improved by 30-40%, the net photosynthetic rate is improved by 8-12%, and after 10 days of continuous application, the total leaf area growth of the plants is improved by 35-50% compared with that of a control group.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the method has the advantages of simple and safe operation, environmental protection, low energy consumption and wide applicability, meets the requirements of low-carbon agriculture, and can recycle the Silicalite-1 molecular sieveThen still keeping stable to CO₂Adsorption and desorption capacity of (a).

The invention can realize CO in facility cultivation environment by regulating and controlling the pretreatment process, the application amount of the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and the like₂Artificial regulation and control of enriching effect to meet the requirement of CO concentration in different horticultural crops and different growth periods₂The requirements of (a).

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of pretreatment seal resting time versus Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and control material CO₂Influence of enrichment Effect, S-1 represents Silicalite-1 molecular sieves.

FIG. 2 is a graph of pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieves and pretreated control materials vs. CO in a facility cultivation environment₂The influence of the concentration, S-1, represents Silicalite-1 molecular sieves.

FIG. 3 is a graph of the application of pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieves and pretreated control materials to 'Condition Red' tomato seedling intercellular CO in a facility cultivation environment₂Influence of concentration and Net photosynthetic Rate, A is intercellular CO for 'Condition Red' tomato seedlings₂The effect on concentration, B is the effect on the net photosynthetic rate of 'conditioner Red' tomato seedlings; a. b represents significant differences at the 5% level between the different treatments, S-1 represents Silicalite-1 molecular sieves.

FIG. 4 is a picture of the leaf growth of ` Condine Red ` tomato, A the increase in total leaf area of the plant, and B the growth phenotype of ` Condine Red ` tomato seedlings at day 10 after ten consecutive days of application of pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieves and pretreated control materials in a facility cultivation environment; a. b, c represent significant differences at the 5% level between the different treatments, S-1 represents Silicalite-1 molecular sieves.

FIG. 5 is a graph of application of pre-treated different molecular sieves and pre-treated control material versus CO in a facility cultivation environment₂The effect of concentration.

Detailed Description

Example 1: silicalite-1 molecular sieve for improving CO in closed environment₂Concentration of

Pretreating the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve: adding 5cm into a 12.5L sealed box³The sealed box is filled with CO₂And sealing and standing for 0.1h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h respectively. Comparative material CaCO₃The pretreatment step was performed with the same parameters.

Respectively and rapidly transferring the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and the reference material to CO₂Initial concentration of 480ppm standing slow-release CO in 56L air-tight box₂And after 0.5h, detecting and recording CO in a 56L air-tight box₂The change in concentration. As shown in FIG. 1, both the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and the control material can be used to make CO in the empty sealed box₂The concentration is increased, but the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve makes CO in an empty sealed box₂The concentration is increased by 340-500 ppm, and the control material enables CO in the air-tight box₂The concentration is increased by 40-140 ppm, and the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is pretreated for 1-4h to obtain CO₂The enrichment effect is the best, the enrichment effect of pretreatment is the second to 8-12h, the enrichment effect of 0.1-0.5h is weaker, and the sealing and standing time is preferably 1-12 h.

Example 2: application of pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieves to CO in a facility cultivation environment₂Influence of concentration, photosynthesis and growth of leaves of horticultural plants

Pretreating the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve: adding 25cm into a 12.5L sealed box³The sealed box is filled with CO₂And sealing and standing for 1 h. Comparative material CaCO₃The pretreatment step was performed with the same parameters.

Respectively and rapidly transferring the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and the reference material to CO₂Standing for slowly releasing CO in plant facility cultivation environment with concentration reduced to 400ppm₂Detecting and recording CO in plant facility cultivation environment₂Changing the concentration, and taking out the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and the control material after 5 hours.

The plant facility cultivation environment is 580L sealed incubator containing 8 'cond Red' tomato seedlings with growth vigor and consistent seedling age, the photoperiod is 8:00-20:00, and the light intensity is 200-300 μmol/m²/s¹。

Application of the aboveAfter 0.5h of the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve or the contrast material, passing through CO₂Recorder detects real-time CO in plant facility cultivation environment₂Concentration value: the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve group was 700. + -.50 ppm, and the control group was 550. + -.50 ppm (FIG. 2). Setting parameters of a photosynthetic apparatus as parameters in a plant facility cultivation environment, and measuring intercellular CO of a first fully-unfolded functional leaf of a 'Condition Red' tomato seedling from top to bottom₂The concentration and net photosynthetic rate, results are shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, respectively, for the ` Conditione Red ` tomato seedling leaf intercellular CO of the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve group compared to the control material group₂The concentration is increased by 33 percent, and the net photosynthetic rate is increased by 11.7 percent.

The pretreatment-release step is continuously repeated for ten days under the same condition, the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is repeatedly utilized, and the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve is dried at high temperature and regenerated after being repeatedly utilized for 4 times and then continuously used, wherein the high-temperature drying and regenerating condition is 200 ℃ and 12 hours. The total leaf area of the plants after the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve group and the control material group were measured and calculated (fig. 4). And (3) measuring and calculating the total leaf area of the plant (10 th day) before (0 th day) treatment by adopting a direct measurement method, namely measuring the longest value and the widest value of all compound leaves of the plant by using a graduated scale, calculating the actual leaf area by using a conversion coefficient method, and summing the actual leaf area, wherein the conversion coefficient is 0.6393.

The results are shown in fig. 4A, which shows that the increase of the total leaf area of the solanum lycopersicum of the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve group 'composition Red' is increased by 41.6% compared with the control material group.

FIG. 4B is a picture of the growth phenotype of ` Condine Red ` tomato seedlings at day 10, where ` Condine Red ` tomato seedlings from three control material groups and ` Condine Red ` tomato seedlings from three Silicalite-1 molecular sieve groups were selected, and the leaf growth of ` Condine Red ` tomatoes was significantly increased by applying Silicalite-1 molecular sieves.

Example 3: application of pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieves to CO in a facility cultivation environment₂Influence of concentration

Pretreating the Silicalite-1 molecular sieve: adding 50cm into a 12.5L sealed box³The silica-1 molecular sieve is filled in the sealed boxCO₂And sealing and standing for 1 h. Comparative material CaCO₃The pretreatment step was performed with the same parameters.

Respectively and rapidly transferring the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and the reference material to CO₂Standing for slowly releasing CO in plant facility cultivation environment with concentration reduced to 400ppm₂Detecting and recording CO in plant facility cultivation environment₂The change in concentration.

The plant facility cultivation environment is 580L sealed incubator containing 8 'cond Red' tomato seedlings with growth vigor and consistent seedling age, the photoperiod is 8:00-20:00, and the light intensity is 200-300 μmol/m²/s¹。

After applying the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve or the control material for 1h, passing through CO₂Recorder detects real-time CO in plant facility cultivation environment₂Concentration value: the molecular sieve group of Silicalite-1 is 700 + -50 ppm, and the control material group is 500 + -50 ppm (FIG. 2).

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the amount of Silicalite-1 zeolite added was increased (compared to example 2) to increase CO in the plant cultivation facility₂The effect of enrichment; and a significant increase in carbon dioxide concentration compared to the plant facility cultivation environment with the control material applied and without any treatment.

Example 4: application of pretreated different molecular sieves and pretreated control materials to CO in facility cultivation environments₂Influence of concentration

Pretreating a Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and an X-type molecular sieve: mixing 15cm³The Silicalite-1 molecular sieve and the X-type molecular sieve are respectively put into a 12.5L sealed box, and then the sealed box is filled with CO₂And sealing and standing for 1 h. Comparative material CaCO₃The pretreatment step was performed with the same parameters.

Respectively and rapidly transferring the pretreated Silicalite-1 molecular sieve, the pretreated X-type molecular sieve and the pretreated contrast material to CO₂Standing for slowly releasing CO in plant facility cultivation environment with concentration reduced to 400ppm₂1h, detecting and recording CO in the plant facility cultivation environment₂The change in concentration.

The above plant facility cultivationThe environment is 580L of closed incubator, 8 'Condition Red' tomato seedlings with the same growth vigor and the same seedling age are arranged in the incubator, the photoperiod is 8:00-20:00, and the light intensity is 200-300 mu mol/m²/s¹。

Application of pretreated different molecular sieves and control materials to CO in facility cultivation environments₂The effect of concentration is shown in figure 5. CO can be separated by applying Silicalite-1 molecular sieve₂The concentration is increased to 600-1100ppm, and the enrichment effect of the applied X-type molecular sieve and the control material has no obvious difference, and only CO can be added₂Increased to 550 and 580 ppm; and within 20-60min after application, CO of Silicalite-1 molecular sieve treatment group is applied₂The concentration is always 20-100ppm higher than that of the group treated by the X-type molecular sieve and the control group. This phenomenon may be due to the different pore sizes of different types of zeolite molecular sieves, which leads to their CO-sequestration₂Have different adsorption or release effects.