阅读说明：本技术 利用人工地震数据及地震属性识别火山机构的解释方法 (Interpretation method for identifying volcanic mechanism by utilizing artificial seismic data and seismic attributes ) 是由 李宁 秦都 李瑞磊 曹磊 张达 田军 朱建峰 李安帮 李永刚 初晓雪 于 2020-05-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及石油勘探开发技术领域,公开了一种利用人工地震数据及地震属性识别火山机构的解释方法,该方法在井震标定的基础上识别火山机构顶底界面地震反射特征。易识别的地震反射特征直接在地震纯波数据体上进行追踪作为第一步解释；不易识别的地震反射特征通过提取对火山机构敏感的地震属性进行融合,放大火山机构与周围岩性的差异,来识别火山机构顶底包络,作为第二步解释；根据人工地震纯波数据体和火山机构顶底包络区域解释层位通过叠后地震反演方法得到泥岩数据体；将所述融合数据体减去所述泥岩数据体得到结果数据体,在结果数据体上进行第三步解释,得到准确的火山机构顶底界面。解决了火山机构包络识别存在多解性的问题。(The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploration and development, and discloses an interpretation method for identifying a volcanic mechanism by using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes. Directly tracking the easily-recognized seismic reflection characteristics on a seismic pure wave data body as a first-step explanation; the seismic reflection features which are difficult to identify are fused by extracting seismic attributes sensitive to volcanic mechanisms, and differences between the volcanic mechanisms and surrounding lithology are amplified to identify the top-bottom envelopes of the volcanic mechanisms as a second-step explanation; obtaining a mudstone data body by a post-stack seismic inversion method according to the artificial seismic pure wave data body and the interpretation horizon of the top and bottom enveloping areas of the volcanic mechanism; and subtracting the mudstone data body from the fusion data body to obtain a result data body, and performing a third step of explanation on the result data body to obtain an accurate volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface. The problem of volcanic mechanism envelope identification with multiresolution is solved.)

1. An interpretation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes, the method comprising:

well seismic calibration is carried out on the drilled well, and seismic reflection characteristics of a volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface are identified, wherein the seismic reflection characteristics comprise easily identifiable seismic reflection characteristics and easily unidentifiable seismic reflection characteristics;

according to the seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface, performing first-step interpretation on the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface by using an artificial seismic pure wave data volume to obtain volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope of a drilled area;

selecting a plurality of seismic attributes sensitive to the volcanic mechanism top and bottom envelope interface, and performing clustering fusion on the selected plurality of seismic attributes to obtain a fusion data volume;

performing second-step interpretation on the basis of the fusion data volume aiming at the seismic reflection features which are difficult to identify to obtain a volcanic mechanism top and bottom envelope region interpretation horizon;

aiming at the seismic reflection features which are easy to identify, obtaining a mudstone data body by a post-stack seismic inversion method according to an artificial seismic pure wave data body and the interpretation horizon of the top and bottom enveloping areas of the volcanic mechanism;

and subtracting the mudstone data body from the fusion data body to obtain a result data body, and performing a third-step interpretation on the result data body to correct the interpretation horizon of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope area to obtain the final volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope.

2. The interpretation method for identifying the volcanic mechanism by using the artificial seismic data and the seismic attributes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of performing the first-step interpretation of the top-bottom interface of the volcanic mechanism by using the artificial seismic pure wave data volume according to the seismic reflection characteristics of the top-bottom interface of the volcanic mechanism to obtain the top-bottom envelope of the volcanic mechanism in the drilled area comprises the following steps:

and transversely tracking the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope on the seismic pure wave section according to the seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface, and stopping tracking under the condition that the seismic reflection characteristics are changed so as to determine the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope of the drilled area.

3. The interpretation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes according to claim 1, wherein said selecting a plurality of seismic attributes sensitive to volcanic structure top-bottom envelope interfaces comprises:

and extracting and calculating the volume attributes of the artificial seismic pure wave data volume, and selecting two seismic attributes sensitive to the volcanic mechanism envelope top-bottom interface.

4. The interpretation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes according to claim 3, wherein said two seismic attributes sensitive to the volcanic structure envelope top-bottom interface are texture contrast attribute and low frequency amplitude attribute.

5. The interpretation method for identifying the volcanic mechanism by using the artificial seismic data and the seismic attributes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the mudstone data volume by the post-stack seismic inversion method according to the artificial seismic pure wave data volume and the interpretation horizon of the top and bottom envelope areas of the volcanic mechanism comprises:

calculating and analyzing according to the artificial seismic pure wave data volume to obtain the distribution range of the aboveground low-wave impedance;

and performing post-stack wave impedance inversion according to the underground low-wave impedance distribution range and the interpretation horizon of the top-bottom envelope region of the volcanic mechanism, inverting the wave impedance data body, and converting the inverted wave impedance data body into the mudstone data body.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the obtaining of the above-ground low-wave impedance distribution range by calculation and analysis of the artificial seismic pure-wave data volume comprises:

and calculating to obtain a wave impedance curve according to the acoustic curve and the density curve of the artificial seismic pure wave data volume on the well, analyzing the vertical distribution of the sandstone wave impedance and the mudstone wave impedance on the well to obtain a distribution range of the low wave impedance on the well, and determining the distribution range of the mudstone wave impedance on the well according to the distribution range of the low wave impedance on the well.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the well-to-seismic calibration method comprises: and extracting the seismic wavelets of the well side channels for well seismic calibration.

8. The interpretation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes according to claim 7, wherein identifying seismic reflection characteristics of top and bottom interfaces of volcanic structures comprises:

and finding out the corresponding seismic reflection interface according to the volcanic rock top and bottom recognized on the well logging so as to recognize the seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top and bottom interface.

9. The interpretation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes according to claim 8, wherein the seismic reflection features include seismic reflection feature amplitude intensity and continuity, and contact relationship between volcanic structures and other rock facies above and below.

10. A storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 for interpreting artificial seismic data and seismic attributes to identify volcanic structures.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploration and development, in particular to an interpretation method for identifying volcanic mechanisms by using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes and a storage medium.

Background

For the initial exploration stage of a volcanic reservoir, volcanic mechanism identification is the first problem faced by the volcanic reservoir, due to the cause difference between volcanic rock and clastic rock, the volcanic mechanism which is complete on the seismic reflection appearance is often represented as a special configuration, the reflection characteristic difference is the most intuitive evidence for judging the volcanic rock by utilizing artificial seismic (hereinafter referred to as seismic) data, but the reflection characteristic identification often has ambiguity. The explosive phase volcanic mechanism is similar to the glutenite disorderly stacking sedimentary reflection characteristics, the seismic reflection characteristics of the overflow phase volcanic top bottom surface are also very similar to the seismic reflection characteristics of the compact mudstone in the lake basin, and the volcanic envelope is recognized to have great ambiguity only by the seismic reflection characteristic method. When identifying volcanic mechanisms, the seismic reflection characteristics of mudstone are very similar to those of volcanic rocks, so that the top and bottom envelopes of the volcanic mechanisms cannot be accurately identified.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an interpretation method for identifying a volcanic mechanism by utilizing artificial seismic data and seismic attributes, so as to solve the problem of ambiguity of volcanic mechanism envelope identification.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an interpretation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes, the method comprising:

well seismic calibration is carried out on the drilled well, and seismic reflection characteristics of a volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface are identified, wherein the seismic reflection characteristics comprise easily identifiable seismic reflection characteristics and easily unidentifiable seismic reflection characteristics;

according to the seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface, performing first-step interpretation on the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface by using an artificial seismic pure wave data volume to obtain volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope of a drilled area;

selecting a plurality of seismic attributes sensitive to the volcanic mechanism top and bottom envelope interface, and performing clustering fusion on the selected plurality of seismic attributes to obtain a fusion data volume;

performing second-step interpretation on the basis of the fusion data volume aiming at the seismic reflection features which are difficult to identify to obtain a volcanic mechanism top and bottom envelope region interpretation horizon;

aiming at the seismic reflection features which are easy to identify, obtaining a mudstone data body by a post-stack seismic inversion method according to an artificial seismic pure wave data body and the interpretation horizon of the top and bottom enveloping areas of the volcanic mechanism;

and subtracting the mudstone data body from the fusion data body to obtain a result data body, and performing a third-step interpretation on the result data body to correct the interpretation horizon of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope area to obtain the final volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope.

Further, the step of performing first-step interpretation on the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface by using an artificial seismic pure wave data body according to the seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface to obtain the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope of the drilled area comprises the following steps:

and transversely tracking the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope on the seismic pure wave section according to the seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface, and stopping tracking under the condition that the seismic reflection characteristics are changed so as to determine the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope of the drilled area.

Further, the selecting of multiple seismic attributes sensitive to volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope interfaces comprises: and extracting and calculating the body attributes of the artificial seismic pure wave data body, and selecting two seismic attributes sensitive to the volcanic mechanism envelope top-bottom interface.

Further, the two seismic attributes sensitive to the volcanic mechanism envelope top and bottom interfaces are a texture contrast attribute and a low-frequency amplitude attribute.

Further, the obtaining of the mudstone data body through a post-stack seismic inversion method according to the artificial seismic pure wave data body and the interpretation horizon of the top and bottom enveloping area of the volcanic mechanism comprises the following steps:

calculating and analyzing according to the artificial seismic pure wave data volume to obtain the aboveground low-wave impedance distribution range;

and performing post-stack wave impedance inversion according to the underground low-wave impedance distribution range and the interpretation horizon of the top-bottom envelope region of the volcanic mechanism, inverting the wave impedance data body, and converting the inverted wave impedance data body into a mudstone data body.

Further, the obtaining of the aboveground low-wave impedance distribution range according to the calculation and analysis of the artificial seismic pure-wave data volume comprises:

calculating to obtain a wave impedance curve according to an aboveground sound wave curve and a density curve of the artificial seismic pure wave data volume, analyzing the vertical distribution of the aboveground sandstone wave impedance and the mudstone wave impedance to obtain an aboveground low-wave impedance distribution range, and determining the distribution range of the aboveground mudstone wave impedance according to the aboveground low-wave impedance distribution range.

Further, the well-to-seismic calibration method comprises the following steps: and extracting the seismic wavelets of the well side channels for well seismic calibration.

Further, the identifying seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface comprises:

and finding out the corresponding seismic reflection interface according to the volcanic rock top and bottom recognized on the well logging so as to recognize the seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top and bottom interface.

Further, the seismic reflection characteristics comprise seismic reflection characteristic amplitude intensity and continuity, and contact relations between volcanic mechanisms and other rock facies above and below.

The present invention also provides a storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described interpretation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes.

According to the technical scheme, the seismic reflection characteristics of the top-bottom interface of the volcanic mechanism are identified on the basis of fine well seismic calibration. Directly tracking the easily-recognized seismic reflection characteristics on a seismic pure wave data body as a first-step explanation; and the seismic reflection features which are difficult to identify are fused by extracting seismic attributes sensitive to volcanic mechanisms, and the difference between the volcanic mechanisms and the surrounding lithology is amplified to identify the top-bottom envelope of the volcanic mechanisms as a second-step explanation. Since the reflection features of the mudstone may be carried in the easily-recognized and the difficultly-recognized reflection features, the interference of the mudstone reflection features needs to be removed. Obtaining wave impedance by using seismic pure wave data through a seismic inversion method, converting an inversion body into a mudstone data body according to the distribution range of the aboveground low-wave impedance, subtracting the mudstone data body from the seismic attribute fusion body to obtain a new data body, correcting the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope on the basis of the second-step interpretation based on the new data body, and obtaining an accurate volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface as the third-step interpretation. According to the technical scheme, interference of mudstone reflection characteristics is removed through three-step interpretation based on the seismic reflection characteristics, the seismic attribute fusion body and the fusion body for removing the mudstone data body, the volcanic mechanism outline is gradually identified from thick to thin, an accurate volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface is obtained, and the problem of ambiguity existing in volcanic mechanism envelope identification is solved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an illustrative method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example cluster fusion using texture contrast properties and divide-by-10 Hz amplitude properties provided by an alternative embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a diagram of an example of a mudstone removed fruit body using the fusion shown in fig. 2 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an explanation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an interpretation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes, the method including:

s101, well seismic calibration is carried out on the drilled well, and seismic reflection characteristics of the top-bottom interface of the volcanic mechanism are identified, wherein the seismic reflection characteristics comprise easily identifiable seismic reflection characteristics and difficultly identifiable seismic reflection characteristics.

Specifically, the acoustic time difference and the density curve in the well-drilled logging curve are subjected to standardization processing, and the seismic wavelets of the side channels of the well are extracted for well seismic calibration, so that the logging can be matched with the time on the earthquake; and finding out the corresponding seismic reflection interface according to the volcanic rock top and bottom recognized on the well logging so as to recognize the seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top and bottom interface. The seismic reflection characteristics comprise seismic reflection characteristic amplitude intensity and continuity, and contact relation between the volcanic mechanism and other rock facies above and below the volcanic mechanism. And establishing a reflection mode according to the seismic reflection characteristics of the top and bottom interfaces of the volcanic mechanism.

S102, according to the seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface, performing first-step explanation on the volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface by using an artificial seismic pure wave data body to obtain the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope of the drilled area.

Specifically, the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope is tracked transversely on a seismic pure wave section according to seismic reflection characteristics of the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope, namely the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope is tracked transversely on the seismic pure wave section in a reflection mode, and tracking is stopped under the condition that the seismic reflection characteristics are changed, so that the volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope of a drilled area is determined.

S103, selecting multiple seismic attributes sensitive to the volcanic mechanism top and bottom envelope interface, and performing clustering fusion on the selected multiple seismic attributes to obtain a fusion data volume.

Specifically, extracting and calculating the body attributes of the artificial seismic pure wave data body, and selecting two or three seismic attributes sensitive to the volcanic mechanism envelope top-bottom interface. In this embodiment, the two selected seismic attributes are a texture contrast attribute and a low-frequency amplitude attribute. Clustering fusion is performed by using the texture contrast property and the 10HZ frequency division amplitude property to form a fusion body as shown in fig. 2.

And S104, aiming at the seismic reflection features which are difficult to identify, performing second-step interpretation on the basis of the fusion data volume to obtain the interpretation horizon of the top and bottom envelope regions of the volcanic mechanism.

And S105, aiming at the easily-recognized seismic reflection characteristics, obtaining a mudstone data body by a post-stack seismic inversion method according to an artificial seismic pure wave data body and the volcanic mechanism top and bottom envelope region interpretation horizon.

Specifically, the method comprises the steps of obtaining an aboveground low-wave impedance distribution range through calculation and analysis according to an artificial seismic pure-wave data body, obtaining a wave impedance curve through calculation according to an aboveground acoustic curve and a density curve of the artificial seismic pure-wave data body, obtaining an aboveground low-wave impedance distribution range through analysis of vertical distribution of aboveground sandstone wave impedance and mudstone wave impedance, and determining the distribution range of the aboveground mudstone wave impedance according to the aboveground low-wave impedance distribution range (the mudstone has low wave impedance, and the sandstone and volcanic rock have high wave impedance). And (4) carrying out post-stack wave impedance inversion according to the distribution range of the aboveground low-wave impedance and the interpretation horizon of the top and bottom envelope regions of the volcanic mechanism obtained in the step (S104), inverting the wave impedance data body, and converting the inverted wave impedance data body into a mudstone data body.

And S106, subtracting the mudstone data body obtained in the step S105 from the fusion data body obtained in the step S103 to obtain a result data body, and performing a third interpretation step on the result data body to correct the interpretation horizon of the volcanic mechanism top and bottom envelope area obtained in the step S104 to obtain a final seismic interpretation horizon, namely the final volcanic mechanism top and bottom envelope.

In this embodiment, when the seismic interpretation is performed based on the fusion shown in fig. 2, it can be seen that the 2 nd well on the right side does not coincide with the actual drilling, and a set of characteristics close to those of volcanic rocks exists between the first envelope and the second envelope in the drawing, and is recognized as a mudstone body on the well. The resultant body after the fusion body shown in fig. 2 has removed the mudstone body is shown in fig. 3, and the mudstone body between the first envelope line and the second envelope line in fig. 3 does not exist, that is, the mudstone body is removed. Practice shows that the effective body seismic interpretation horizon shown in the figure 3 is matched with the top-bottom envelope of the volcanic mechanism drilled on the well. The volcanic mechanism top-bottom envelope obtained by the method conforms to the well-drilled volcanic mechanism envelope in the south of Songliao basin at present.

On the basis of analyzing and excavating the difference between the volcanic mechanism and the clastic rock in the aspect of seismic attributes, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention removes the interference of the mudstone reflection characteristics through three-step interpretation based on the seismic reflection characteristics, the seismic attribute fusion body and the mudstone data body, gradually identifies the volcanic mechanism outline from thick to thin, obtains an accurate volcanic mechanism top-bottom interface, and solves the problem of ambiguity of volcanic mechanism envelope identification.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, where the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the above-mentioned interpretation method for identifying volcanic structures using artificial seismic data and seismic attributes.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a program, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a single chip, a chip, or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps in the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.

While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention within the technical idea of the embodiments of the present invention, and the simple modifications are within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not be described separately for the various possible combinations.

In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention.