阅读说明：本技术 一种基于高精度电子罗盘的磁偏角测量方法 (Magnetic declination measuring method based on high-precision electronic compass ) 是由 潘清存 谢劲松 苏鹏 于 2021-08-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及磁偏角测量技术领域,且公开了一种基于高精度电子罗盘的磁偏角测量方法,包括以下步骤：S1：获取坐标,在机场跑道区域,选择无磁环境良好的空旷场地,布设定位桩A和B,使用全站仪或者GPS对定位桩进行观测,获取本地控制坐标成果和WGS84的经纬度坐标；S2：架设对点,将常规经纬仪架和后视目标对点,然后固定；S3：架设观测台。本发明能够通过对无磁高精度电子罗盘测量杆的全圆观测法的观测,计算出符合规范要求的磁偏角,实现了无需无磁经纬仪、高精度磁力仪的磁偏角测量,可以大大提高应用场景,为机场的建设、运维、导航提供可靠的数据支持。(The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic declination measurement, and discloses a magnetic declination measurement method based on a high-precision electronic compass, which comprises the following steps: s1: acquiring coordinates, selecting an open field with a good nonmagnetic environment in an airport runway area, laying positioning piles A and B, observing the positioning piles by using a total station or a GPS (global positioning system), and acquiring local control coordinate results and longitude and latitude coordinates of WGS 84; s2: erecting and aligning points, aligning the conventional theodolite frame and the rearview target, and then fixing; s3: erecting an observation platform. The invention can calculate the magnetic declination meeting the standard requirement by observing the full-circle observation method of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass measuring rod, realizes the magnetic declination measurement without a non-magnetic theodolite and a high-precision magnetometer, can greatly improve the application scene, and provides reliable data support for the construction, operation and maintenance and navigation of airports.)

1. A magnetic declination measuring method based on a high-precision electronic compass is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: acquiring coordinates, selecting an open field with a good nonmagnetic environment in an airport runway area, laying positioning piles A and B, observing the positioning piles by using a total station or a GPS (global positioning system), and acquiring local control coordinate results and longitude and latitude coordinates of WGS 84;

s2: erecting and aligning points, aligning the conventional theodolite frame and the rearview target, and then fixing;

s3: erecting an observation platform, wherein the distance from the point A to the connecting line direction of A-B is at least 30 meters, a high-precision electronic compass measuring rod observation platform is arranged by using a non-magnetic material, and the high-precision electronic compass is connected with a computer by using a cable of at least 5 meters;

s4: preliminary detection, recording a magnetic field angle indication value a1 of a high-precision electronic compass under the condition that the sight line of a non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass measuring rod is superposed with the sight line of a telescope;

s5: detecting again, rotating the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass by 180 degrees, and recording the magnetic field angle indication value a2 of the high-precision electronic compass when the aiming line of the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass is superposed with the sighting line of the telescope;

s6: repeating the acquisition, repeating the magnetic field angle indicating value observation process of the steps S4 and S5, and acquiring 6 groups of 12 indicating values;

s7: and (4) calculating, namely after the A-B unilateral measurement is finished, importing the data into a table, calculating the magnetic field angle of an A-B connecting line by a least square method, evaluating the measurement precision, and calculating to obtain the magnetic declination of the airport runway by combining the true north angle data of the A-B.

2. The method for measuring the magnetic declination angle based on the high-precision electronic compass is characterized in that the open field with good nonmagnetic environment in the S1 is at least 5-20 meters away from a ferromagnetic metal construction of iron and nickel.

3. A method for measuring magnetic declination based on high-precision electronic compass according to claim 1, wherein said conventional theodolite in S2 is preferably a total station.

4. The method for measuring the magnetic declination angle based on the high-precision electronic compass is characterized in that the carry-on metal accessories, electronic equipment and glasses need to be removed in the step S3.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S7, when processing the measured data using least square method, the gross error is removed, the accuracy of the measurement result is evaluated, the qualified magnetic field angle data is submitted, and finally the magnetic declination angle in the airport runway direction is calculated.

6. The method for measuring the magnetic declination angle based on the high-precision electronic compass is characterized in that the distance from left to right in the S4 detection process is 1-50 m.

7. The magnetic declination measurement method based on the high-precision electronic compass is characterized in that the nonmagnetic high-precision electronic compass measuring rod in the S4 comprises a measuring rod body (1), an electronic compass (2), a front V-shaped sight (3) and a rear V-shaped sight (4), the electronic compass (2) is located on one side of the measuring rod body (1), and the front V-shaped sight (3) and the rear V-shaped sight (4) are located on the upper surface of the measuring rod body (1).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic declination measurement, in particular to a magnetic declination measurement method based on a high-precision electronic compass.

Background

In recent years, along with the high-speed development of economy in China, airports are used as effective means for solving transportation and logistics transportation, airport buildings in various regions are prosperous, the total number of universal airports in China exceeds 340 in 2020, and the total number of airports in five years in the future quickly breaks through 500.

The declination is an important measurement data in airport construction, the current airport specification requires that the declination measurement precision is better than 0.1 degrees, but the current textbook and related measurement specification do not provide related schemes, and the current practice is integrated, so that more methods comprise 1, a non-magnetic theodolite and a high-precision magnetometer; 2. the nonmagnetic theodolite and the magnetic needle. However, since the schemes 1 and 2 both relate to the nonmagnetic theodolite, but since the application scenes of the nonmagnetic theodolite are few, manufacturers are basically in a production halt state, for increasing airport data measurement, each detection unit looks like catching the elbow, and the measurement mode method using the conventional theodolite is difficult to meet the requirements of people.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a magnetic declination measuring method based on a high-precision electronic compass, and solves the problems that the conventional theodolite measuring method is difficult to meet the requirements of people and cannot well measure the magnetic declination of an airport.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a magnetic declination measuring method based on a high-precision electronic compass comprises the following steps:

s1: acquiring coordinates, selecting an open field with a good nonmagnetic environment in an airport runway area, laying positioning piles A and B, observing the positioning piles by using a total station or a GPS (global positioning system), and acquiring local control coordinate results and longitude and latitude coordinates of WGS 84;

s2: erecting and aligning points, aligning the conventional theodolite frame and the rearview target, and then fixing;

s3: erecting an observation platform, wherein the distance from the point A to the connecting line direction of A-B is at least 30 meters, a high-precision electronic compass measuring rod observation platform is arranged by using a non-magnetic material, and the high-precision electronic compass is connected with a computer by using a cable of at least 5 meters;

s4: preliminary detection, recording a magnetic field angle indication value a1 of a high-precision electronic compass under the condition that the sight line of a non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass measuring rod is superposed with the sight line of a telescope;

s5: detecting again, rotating the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass by 180 degrees, and recording the magnetic field angle indication value a2 of the high-precision electronic compass when the aiming line of the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass is superposed with the sighting line of the telescope;

s6: repeating the acquisition, repeating the magnetic field angle indicating value observation process of the steps S4 and S5, and acquiring 6 groups of 12 indicating values;

s7: and (4) calculating, namely after the A-B unilateral measurement is finished, importing the data into a table, calculating the magnetic field angle of an A-B connecting line by a least square method, evaluating the measurement precision, and calculating to obtain the magnetic declination of the airport runway by combining the true north angle data of the A-B.

In a still further aspect of the present invention, the open field with good nonmagnetic environment in S1 is at least 5-20 m away from the ferromagnetic metal structure of iron and nickel.

Further, the conventional theodolite in S2 is preferably a total station.

Based on the above solution, in the step S3, it is necessary to remove the metal accessories, electronic devices, and glasses.

Further, in the step S7, when the least square method is used to process the measurement data, the gross error needs to be removed, the accuracy of the measurement result is evaluated, the qualified magnetic field angle data is submitted, and the declination in the airport runway direction is finally calculated.

Based on the scheme, the distance of left and right movement in the S4 detection process is 1-50 m.

In a further aspect of the present invention, the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass measuring bar in S4 includes a measuring bar body, an electronic compass, a front V-shaped sight and a rear V-shaped sight, the electronic compass is located on one side of the measuring bar body, and the front V-shaped sight and the rear V-shaped sight are located on an upper surface of the measuring bar body.

(III) advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a magnetic declination measuring method based on a high-precision electronic compass, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. the sighting line of the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass is overlapped with the sighting line of the telescope, and the magnetic field angle indication value a1 of the high-precision electronic compass is recorded, so that the angle measurement of the magnetic field angle when the sighting line is parallel to the measuring rod is convenient to observe.

2. According to the invention, the magnetic declination meeting the standard requirement can be calculated through observation of a full-circle observation method of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass measuring rod, the magnetic declination measurement without a non-magnetic theodolite and a high-precision magnetometer is realized, the application scene can be greatly improved, and reliable data support is provided for the construction, operation and maintenance and navigation of an airport.

3. According to the method, when the least square method is used for processing the measured data, gross errors need to be removed, the precision of the measured result is evaluated, qualified magnetic field angle data are submitted, the magnetic declination angle in the airport runway direction is finally calculated, and the high-precision level magnetic declination measurement system is realized through the data processing of the full-circle observation method of the least square method.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow structure diagram of a magnetic declination measurement method based on a high-precision electronic compass according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a module of a magnetic declination measurement method based on a high-precision electronic compass according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass measuring rod of the high-precision electronic compass-based magnetic declination measuring method according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a measuring rod of a non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass based on a magnetic declination measuring method of the high-precision electronic compass.

In the figure: 1. a measuring rod body; 2. an electronic compass; 3. a front V-shaped sight; 4. a rear V-sight.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-4, a declination measuring method based on a high-precision electronic compass includes the following steps:

s1: obtaining coordinates, selecting an open field with a good non-magnetic environment in an airport runway area, laying positioning piles A and B with an interval of 400 meters on a position parallel to the airport runway direction by using a non-magnetic material at least 20 meters, observing the positioning piles by using a total station or a GPS (global positioning system), and obtaining a local control coordinate result and longitude and latitude coordinates of WGS 84;

s2: erecting a point alignment, erecting a conventional theodolite on a positioning pile A to finish downward point alignment, erecting a rearview target on another positioning pile B to finish downward point alignment, rotating the theodolite A to point to the rearview target B, and fixing the direction of a sighting axis telescope of the theodolite;

s3: erecting an observation platform, wherein the distance from the point A to the connecting line direction of A-B is at least 30 meters, erecting a high-precision electronic compass measuring rod observation platform by using a non-magnetic material, and the high-precision electronic compass is connected with a computer by using a cable of at least 5 meters;

s4: the method comprises the following steps of performing primary detection, wherein a theodolite observer controls the theodolite observer to move left and right and rotate when detecting, the aiming line of a measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass is superposed with the sighting line of a telescope, and the magnetic field angle indication value a1 of the high-precision electronic compass is recorded, so that the angle measurement of the magnetic field angle when the sighting line is parallel to the measuring rod is convenient to observe;

s5: detecting again, namely rotating the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass by 180 degrees, moving the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass left and right and rotating the measuring rod of the theodolite when directing the detection, coinciding the aiming line of the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass with the sighting line of the telescope, and recording the magnetic field angle indication a2 of the high-precision electronic compass, so that the magnetic declination meeting the standard requirement can be calculated through observation of a full circle observation method of the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass, the measurement of the magnetic declination without the magnetic theodolite and the high-precision magnetometer is realized, the application scene can be greatly improved, and reliable data support is provided for the construction, operation and maintenance and navigation of airports;

s6: repeating the acquisition, repeating the magnetic field angle indicating value observation process of the steps S4 and S5, and acquiring 6 groups of 12 indicating values;

s7: and (3) calculating, namely after the A-B unilateral measurement is finished, importing the data into a table, calculating the magnetic field angle of an A-B connecting line by a least square method, evaluating the measurement precision, calculating to obtain the magnetic declination angle of the airport runway by combining the true north angle data of the A-B, and processing the data by a full circle observation method of the least square method to realize a high-precision level magnetic declination measurement system.

The open field with good non-magnetic environment in S1 is at least 5 meters away from a strong magnetic metal construction of iron and nickel, so that magnetic interference can be eliminated, and the accuracy of measurement is improved, a conventional theodolite in S2 is preferably a total station, portable metal accessories, electronic equipment and glasses need to be eliminated in S3 detection, a least square method is used in S7, rough differences need to be eliminated in processing measurement data, the precision of a measurement result is evaluated, qualified magnetic field angle data is submitted, and finally the magnetic declination of the airport runway direction is calculated, a non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass measuring rod in S4 comprises a measuring rod body 1, an electronic compass 2, a front V-shaped sighting device 3 and a rear V-shaped sighting device 4, the electronic compass 2 is located on one side of the measuring rod body 1, and the front V-shaped sighting device 3 and the rear V-shaped sighting device 4 are located on the upper surface of the measuring rod body 1.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 1-4, a declination measuring method based on a high-precision electronic compass includes the following steps:

s1: obtaining coordinates, selecting an open field with a good non-magnetic environment in an airport runway area, laying positioning piles A and B with an interval of 400 meters on a position parallel to the airport runway direction by using a non-magnetic material at least 20 meters, observing the positioning piles by using a total station or a GPS (global positioning system), and obtaining a local control coordinate result and longitude and latitude coordinates of WGS 84;

s2: erecting a point alignment, erecting a conventional theodolite on a positioning pile A to finish downward point alignment, erecting a rearview target on another positioning pile B to finish downward point alignment, rotating the theodolite A to point to the rearview target B, and fixing the direction of a sighting axis telescope of the theodolite;

s3: erecting an observation platform, wherein the distance from the point A to the connecting line direction of A-B is at least 30 meters, erecting a high-precision electronic compass measuring rod observation platform by using a non-magnetic material, and the high-precision electronic compass is connected with a computer by using a cable of at least 5 meters;

s4: the method comprises the following steps of performing primary detection, wherein a theodolite observer controls the theodolite observer to move left and right and rotate when detecting, the aiming line of a measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass is superposed with the sighting line of a telescope, and the magnetic field angle indication value a1 of the high-precision electronic compass is recorded, so that the angle measurement of the magnetic field angle when the sighting line is parallel to the measuring rod is convenient to observe;

s5: detecting again, namely rotating the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass by 180 degrees, moving the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass left and right and rotating the measuring rod of the theodolite when directing the detection, coinciding the aiming line of the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass with the sighting line of the telescope, and recording the magnetic field angle indication a2 of the high-precision electronic compass, so that the magnetic declination meeting the standard requirement can be calculated through observation of a full circle observation method of the measuring rod of the non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass, the measurement of the magnetic declination without the magnetic theodolite and the high-precision magnetometer is realized, the application scene can be greatly improved, and reliable data support is provided for the construction, operation and maintenance and navigation of airports;

s6: repeating the acquisition, repeating the magnetic field angle indicating value observation process of the steps S4 and S5, and acquiring 6 groups of 12 indicating values;

s7: and (3) calculating, namely after the A-B unilateral measurement is finished, importing the data into a table, calculating the magnetic field angle of an A-B connecting line by a least square method, evaluating the measurement precision, calculating to obtain the magnetic declination angle of the airport runway by combining the true north angle data of the A-B, and processing the data by a full circle observation method of the least square method to realize a high-precision level magnetic declination measurement system.

The open field with good nonmagnetic environment in S1 of the invention is at least 20 meters far away from the ferromagnetic metal construction of iron and nickel, thus, magnetic interference can be eliminated, the accuracy of measurement is improved, a total station is preferred as a conventional theodolite in S2, metal accessories, electronic equipment and glasses which are carried around need to be cleared during detection in S3, a least square method is used in S7, when the measured data are processed, gross errors need to be removed, the precision of the measured result is evaluated, qualified magnetic field angle data are submitted, the magnetic declination of the airport runway direction is finally calculated, the distance of left and right movement in S4 is 1-50 m, a non-magnetic high-precision electronic compass measuring rod in S4 comprises a measuring rod body 1, an electronic compass 2, a front V-shaped sighting device 3 and a rear V-shaped sighting device 4, the electronic compass 2 is located on one side of the measuring rod body 1, and the front V-shaped sighting device 3 and the rear V-shaped sighting device 4 are located on the upper surface of the measuring rod body 1.

In the description herein, it is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.