阅读说明：本技术 一种X、γ射线防护硬质材料及制备方法 (X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 许凤奎 杜延修 王海 戚玮 于 2021-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种X、γ射线防护硬质材料及制备方法,主要涉及辐射防护材料领域。其原料包括树脂基材、功能性粒子和助剂,所述树脂基材与功能性粒子的重量配比为1∶3-5；所述树脂基材包括聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯烯、工程塑料中的任一项或几项的组合；所述功能性粒子包括氧化铅；所述助剂包括钙锌复合稳定剂、氯化聚乙烯、硬脂酸、聚乙烯蜡、偶联剂。本发明避免厚重,且具有较好的硬度,对于X、γ射线的防护等级高。(The invention discloses an X-ray and gamma-ray protection hard material and a preparation method thereof, and mainly relates to the field of radiation protection materials. The raw materials comprise a resin base material, functional particles and an auxiliary agent, wherein the weight ratio of the resin base material to the functional particles is 1: 3-5; the resin substrate comprises any one or a combination of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyphenylene and engineering plastics; the functional particles comprise lead oxide; the auxiliary agent comprises a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, chlorinated polyethylene, stearic acid, polyethylene wax and a coupling agent. The invention avoids the heavy weight, has better hardness and high protection level for X and gamma rays.)

1. An X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material is characterized in that raw materials of the material comprise a resin base material, functional particles and an auxiliary agent, wherein the weight ratio of the resin base material to the functional particles is 1: 3-5;

the resin substrate comprises any one or a combination of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyphenylene and engineering plastics;

the functional particles comprise lead oxide;

the auxiliary agent comprises a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, chlorinated polyethylene, stearic acid, polyethylene wax and a coupling agent.

2. The X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin substrate is polyvinyl chloride.

3. The hard material for X and gamma ray protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lead oxide has a purity of not less than 98%, a particle size of not less than 300 mesh, and a density of not less than 9.53g/cm³。

4. The hard X-ray and gamma-ray protective material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hard X-ray and gamma-ray protective material comprises 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 500 parts of lead oxide, 7 parts of calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer, 8 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 1 part of stearic acid, 1.5 parts of polyethylene wax and 5 parts of coupling agent.

5. An X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared by the following method: the raw materials are evenly stirred and then are extruded and molded to obtain the composite material.

6. An X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared by the following method: the raw materials are uniformly stirred in a temperature-controlled stirring device, and after the mixture is cooled to below 30 ℃, the mixture is added into a plastic extruder for extrusion, and then the mixture is cooled and coated with a film, so that the composite material is obtained.

7. An X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared by the following method:

adding the resin base material into a temperature-controlled stirring device, stirring for 5 minutes at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, adding lead oxide and an auxiliary agent, and stirring for 15 minutes at a high speed at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ to obtain a raw material mixture;

cooling the raw material mixture to below 30 ℃;

feeding the cooled raw material mixture into a plastic extruder, heating the raw material mixture in a first zone to 125 ℃, heating the raw material mixture in a second zone to 165 ℃, heating the raw material mixture in a third zone to 165 ℃, heating the raw material mixture in a fourth zone to 150 ℃ and heating the raw material mixture in a fifth zone to 135 ℃, injecting the raw material mixture into a forming die, then forming the raw material mixture through the die, cooling and forming the raw material mixture, cooling the raw material mixture in a water tank, drawing the raw material mixture through a tractor, coating a film on a heating film coating machine, and cutting the raw material mixture through a fixed-length transverse cutting machine to prepare the hard protective material, wherein the forming die comprises two sets of front and back arranged devices and are provided with cooling circulating water devices;

and cooling the extruded protective material, laminating, and baking and heating the film and rolling by a plastic roller.

8. An X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material as claimed in claim 1, which is used for protection against X-ray and gamma-ray radiation in particular.

9. A method for preparing X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard materials, which is characterized by mixing the raw materials as claimed in claim 1 and carrying out extrusion molding.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of radiation protection materials, in particular to an X-ray and gamma-ray protection hard material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the development of science and technology, radiation technology brings great convenience to human beings, but also brings worry about the problem that ionizing radiation affects human or biological health, and because of the harm of radiation, a layer of shielding object or body is added or arranged between people and a radiation source in hospitals, nuclear power, military industry, industrial flaw detection, scientific research and other places to ensure the safety of human or biological.

Early protective materials generally adopt lead plates, but the lead plates have too large specific gravity per unit volume, are soft in texture and have no regular shape, and free lead atoms are dispersed in the air in the using process and are harmful to human bodies or organisms; the radiation impinging on the lead plate produces a compton effect that produces scattered radiation that can cause secondary damage to humans or living beings in the environment. The construction cost is high, the appearance is not beautiful, and the environment is polluted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a hard X-ray and gamma-ray protection material and a preparation method thereof, which avoid the thickness, have better hardness and have high protection level for X-ray and gamma-ray.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material comprises raw materials of a resin base material, functional particles and an auxiliary agent, wherein the weight ratio of the resin base material to the functional particles is 1: 3-5;

the resin substrate comprises any one or a combination of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyphenylene and engineering plastics;

the functional particles comprise lead oxide;

the auxiliary agent comprises a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, chlorinated polyethylene, stearic acid, polyethylene wax and a coupling agent.

Further, the resin base material is polyvinyl chloride.

Further, the purity of the lead oxide is not less than 98%, the granularity is not less than 300 meshes, and the density is not less than 9.53g/cm³。

Further, 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 500 parts of lead oxide, 7 parts of calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer, 8 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 1 part of stearic acid, 1.5 parts of polyethylene wax and 5 parts of coupling agent.

Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are evenly stirred and then are extruded and molded to obtain the composite material.

Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are uniformly stirred in a temperature-controlled stirring device, and after the mixture is cooled to below 30 ℃, the mixture is added into a plastic extruder for extrusion, and then the mixture is cooled and coated with a film, so that the composite material is obtained.

Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

adding the resin base material into a temperature-controlled stirring device, stirring for 5 minutes at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, adding lead oxide and an auxiliary agent, and stirring for 15 minutes at a high speed at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ to obtain a raw material mixture;

cooling the raw material mixture to below 30 ℃;

feeding the cooled raw material mixture into a plastic extruder, heating the raw material mixture in a first zone to 125 ℃, heating the raw material mixture in a second zone to 165 ℃, heating the raw material mixture in a third zone to 165 ℃, heating the raw material mixture in a fourth zone to 150 ℃ and heating the raw material mixture in a fifth zone to 135 ℃, injecting the raw material mixture into a forming die, then forming the raw material mixture through the die, cooling and forming the raw material mixture, cooling the raw material mixture in a water tank, drawing the raw material mixture through a tractor, coating a film on a heating film coating machine, and cutting the raw material mixture through a fixed-length transverse cutting machine to prepare the hard protective material, wherein the forming die comprises two sets of front and back arranged devices and are provided with cooling circulating water devices;

and cooling the extruded protective material, laminating, and baking and heating the film and rolling by a plastic roller.

Further, when in specific application, the material is used for protecting hard materials from X-ray and gamma-ray radiation.

The preparation method of the X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material is used as another aspect of the invention.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the material is convenient to process, has excellent radiation-proof performance, can adjust the hardness of the composite material as required, can adjust the protection effect as required, is difficult to age, has high strength and high toughness, can be processed and formed by hot molding again by waste materials, and has low cost and convenient construction.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.

The instruments, reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are conventional instruments, reagents, materials and the like in the prior art and are commercially available in a normal manner unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods, detection methods, and the like described in the following examples are conventional experimental methods, detection methods, and the like in the prior art.

Example 1:

an X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material comprises the following raw materials by weight:

100 parts of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), 300 parts of PbO (lead oxide), 7 parts of calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer, 8 parts of CPE (chlorinated polyethylene), 1 part of SA (stearic acid), 1.5 parts of PE wax (polyethylene wax) and 5 parts of KH550 (coupling agent).

The materials are put into a speed-adjustable temperature-controlled stirring device, after the materials are uniformly stirred at a high speed, the mixture is cooled to below 30 ℃, the mixture is added into an injection molding machine for extrusion, and then the mixture is cooled and coated with a film to obtain the X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material with the thickness of 6 mm.

Example 2:

an X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material comprises the following raw materials by weight:

100 parts of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 400 parts of PbO (lead oxide), 7 parts of calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer, 8 parts of CPE (chlorinated polyethylene), 1 part of SA (stearic acid), 1.5 parts of PE wax (polyethylene wax) and 5 parts of KH550 (coupling agent).

The materials are put into a speed-adjustable temperature-controlled stirring device, after the materials are uniformly stirred at a high speed, the mixture is cooled to below 30 ℃, and the mixture is added into a plastic extruder to be extruded, cooled and coated with a film, so that the X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material with the thickness of 6mm is obtained.

Example 3:

an X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material comprises the following raw materials by weight:

100 parts of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), 500 parts of PbO (lead oxide), 7 parts of calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer, 8 parts of CPE (chlorinated polyethylene), 1 part of SA (stearic acid), 1.5 parts of PE wax (polyethylene wax) and 5 parts of KH550 (coupling agent).

The materials are put into a speed-adjustable temperature-controlled stirring device, after the materials are uniformly stirred at a high speed, the mixture is cooled to below 30 ℃, and the mixture is added into a plastic extruder to be extruded, cooled and coated with a film, so that the X-ray and gamma-ray protective hard material with the thickness of 6mm is obtained.

Table one: example ratio statistics Table

The components of one of the tables are calculated in parts by weight.

Table two: radiation protection effect data table of embodiment

The lead equivalent in the second table is measured by lead-free X-ray and gamma-ray protection hard materials under the voltage of a 120KV tube.