阅读说明：本技术 一种污水中多重抗生素和重金属的去除方法 (Method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage ) 是由 李华南 王挺 于 2021-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种污水中多重抗生素和重金属的去除方法。该方法为：制备活性炭与氯化钨的吸附材料,将分离的具有多重降解功能的微生物分离、培养、浓缩,将制备的PAN/a-WO-3纳米纤维膜,得到三明治式的夹心高效处理痕量抗生素和重金属的材料,并应用于污水处理厂,提升污水处理水平,减少对生态环境的危害。本发明用三明治夹心材料的制备,克服了当下污水中污染物处理效果不佳、残留的抗生素和重金属导致三致的缺点,通过制备的新型材料与降解菌微生物菌剂联合应用,特异性强、效果稳定、重复性好、推广价值高、应用性广的特点,直接污水处理厂,避免了残留的污染物对生物处理的干扰,减少了拮抗反应。(The invention provides a method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage. The method comprises the following steps: preparing adsorbing material of activated carbon and tungsten chloride, separating, culturing and concentrating separated microorganism with multiple degradation functions, and preparing PAN/a-WO 3 The nanofiber membrane is a sandwich-type sandwich material for efficiently treating trace antibiotics and heavy metals, and is applied to a sewage treatment plant, so that the sewage treatment level is improved, and the harm to the ecological environment is reduced. The preparation method disclosed by the invention uses the preparation of the sandwich material, overcomes the defects of poor treatment effect of pollutants in current sewage and three defects caused by residual antibiotics and heavy metals, and has the characteristics of strong specificity, stable effect, good repeatability, high popularization value and wide applicability by combined application of the prepared novel material and the degrading bacteria microbial agent, so that the interference of the residual pollutants on biological treatment is avoided and the antagonistic reaction is reduced in a direct sewage treatment plant.)

1. A method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing adsorption material of activated carbon and tungsten chloride

Firstly, adding activated carbon after preparing 1M HCl solution, soaking for 1h, repeatedly washing impurities with deionized water, filtering and drying to obtain treated activated carbon for later use;

adding WuCl₆And NaOH are respectively dissolved in deionized water to prepare the WuCl₆Solution and NaOH solution; adding the acidified active carbon into the prepared WuCl₆In solution, homogenizing, WuCl₆Obtaining a mixed solution of the activated carbon and the Wu; dropwise adding a NaOH solution into a mixed solution of activated carbon and Wu, and transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction;

after the hydrothermal reaction is finished, centrifugally collecting the precipitate, washing to be neutral, drying, transferring to a crucible, and placing in a muffle furnace for calcining to obtain the activated carbon loaded nano tungsten oxide adsorbent;

s2, separating, culturing and concentrating the separated microorganisms with multiple degradation functions:

separating tetracycline degrading strains: preparing a 0.1g sludge sample into a suspension by using 10mL sterile double distilled water, uniformly mixing, standing, adding 1mL of supernatant into a culture medium with 20mg/L tetracycline concentration, culturing in a shaking table at 25 ℃ at 150r/min, sucking 0.5mL of culture solution after 6-8d, inoculating into the culture medium with 40mg/L tetracycline concentration again, and culturing for 6-8d under the condition that other conditions are unchanged; repeating the above steps until the final concentration of tetracycline is 120 mg/L; after the enrichment is finished, screening out single colonies which can take tetracycline as a unique carbon source by using a dilution coating method and a plate marking method, and separating and purifying the single colonies;

separating erythromycin degradation strains: according to the method, 0.1g of sludge sample is prepared into suspension by 10mL of sterilized double distilled water, the suspension is uniformly mixed and then is kept stand, 1mL of supernatant is added into a culture medium with the erythromycin concentration of 20mg/L, the mixture is cultured in a shaking table at 25 ℃ at 150r/min, after 6-8d, 0.5mL of culture solution is sucked and inoculated into the culture medium with the erythromycin concentration of 40mg/L again, and the other conditions are unchanged and the mixture is cultured for 6-8 d; repeating the above steps until the final concentration of erythromycin is 120 mg/L; after the enrichment is finished, screening out single colonies which can take the erythromycin as the only carbon source by using a dilution coating method and a plate marking method, and separating and purifying the single colonies;

and (3) separating a sulfonamide methyloxazole degrading strain: according to the method, 0.1g of sludge sample is made into suspension by 10mL of sterilized double distilled water, the suspension is evenly mixed and then is kept stand, 1mL of supernatant is added into a culture medium with 20mg/L of sulfamethoxazole, the mixture is cultured in a shaking table at 25 ℃ at 150r/min, after 6-8d, 0.5mL of culture solution is sucked and inoculated into the culture medium with 40mg/L of erythromycin concentration again, and the other conditions are unchanged and the mixture is cultured for 6-8 d; repeating the above operation steps until the final concentration of the sulfamethoxazole is 120 mg/L; after the enrichment is finished, screening out single colonies which can take the sulfamethoxazole as the only carbon source by using a dilution coating method and a plate marking method, and separating and purifying the single colonies;

inoculating the separated tetracycline degrading bacteria in a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and erythromycin, and continuously screening degrading bacteria with multiple antibiotic degrading effects for culture; according to the method, sulfonamide antibiotic degrading bacteria are inoculated in a culture medium containing tetracycline and erythromycin; inoculating erythromycin degrading bacteria to a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and tetracycline, culturing triple degrading bacteria to a bacterial colony a, picking the bacterial colony a by using a sterilized toothpick, culturing for 12-14 h on an LB solid culture medium containing the triple antibiotics with the concentration of 50 mug/mL to obtain a bacterial colony b, dipping the bacterial colony b by using the tube wall of a sterilizing tube, dipping the bacterial colony b to the tube wall of the sterilizing tube for culturing to obtain a bacterial colony c, and performing streak culture on the bacterial colony c;

10 test tubes, 100 culture dishes and 1 strain of tetracycline degradation bacteria, wherein the ratio of peptone, yeast, sodium chloride and agar is 2100 g: 800 g: 600 g: 2200g, dissolving in 210L of sterilized double distilled water; preparing a culture dish containing tetracycline, a culture dish containing erythromycin and a culture dish containing sulfonamides respectively; inoculating the separated tetracycline degrading bacteria in a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and erythromycin, and continuously screening degrading bacteria with multiple antibiotic degrading effects for culture; according to the method, sulfonamide antibiotic degrading bacteria are inoculated in a culture medium containing tetracycline and erythromycin; inoculating erythromycin degrading bacteria to a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and tetracycline, culturing triple degrading bacteria to a bacterial colony a, picking the bacterial colony a by using a sterilized toothpick, culturing for 12-14 h on an LB solid culture medium containing the triple antibiotics with the concentration of 50 mug/mL to obtain a bacterial colony b, dipping the bacterial colony b by using the tube wall of a sterilizing tube, dipping the bacterial colony b to the tube wall of the sterilizing tube for culturing to obtain a bacterial colony c, and performing streak culture on the bacterial colony c;

adding 5g of peptone, 2g of yeast, 2g of sodium chloride, 5g of agar and 100ml of sterilized double distilled water into a culture test tube, uniformly stirring the ingredients in a stirring device, inoculating a single plant into a mixed solution in the culture test tube at the culture temperature of 25-28 ℃, and carrying out aseptic culture for 48-72 h to carry out strain culture;

culturing triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, taking 50 culture dishes, putting 20g of peptone, 5g of yeast, 5g of sodium chloride, 20g of agar and 500ml of sterilized double distilled water into each culture dish, uniformly stirring the mixed solution in a stirring device, cutting equal parts of the primary generation bacterial bundles in the step one into 10 bacterial segments, respectively soaking the cut bacterial segments into 10 culture dishes, placing the culture dishes into a sterile environment, standing for 36 hours at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, paving hyphae on the culture dishes, then cutting bacterial sheets in each culture dish into four equal parts, respectively putting the cut bacterial sheets into 40 culture dishes, placing the culture dishes into the sterile environment, and standing for 30 hours at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, and paving the bacterial sheets on the culture dishes;

putting 1kg of peptone, 100g of yeast, 100g of sodium chloride, 1kg of agar and 30L of active water into a bacteria barrel, uniformly stirring the mixed solution in a stirring device at a rotating speed of 200r/min, putting the prepared triple antibiotic degrading bacteria into the mixed solution in the bacteria barrel, placing the bacteria barrel in a sterile environment, standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, and filling the whole bacteria barrel with flora;

preparing a microbial inoculum of triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, filtering the prepared triple antibiotic degrading bacteria in double-distilled sterilized water to obtain a bacterial block of triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, equally dividing the bacterial block into 10 parts, taking 10 bacteria barrels, adding 80-140 g of yeast, 20-40 g of glucose, 20-40 g of sodium chloride, 2-5g of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-8 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 g of a flocculating agent, 5-7 g of a catalyst and 60L of double-distilled sterilized water into the bacteria barrels, putting the bacteria into a magnetic stirrer at a rotating speed of 200r/min, equally dividing the bacterial block into 10 parts, respectively soaking the 10 parts into a mixed solution of the bacteria barrels, preparing the triple antibiotic degrading microbial inoculum, and storing the bacteria in an aseptic and dark environment at the temperature of 4-6 ℃;

S3、PAN/a-WuCl₆preparation of

Adding polyacrylonitrile into N, N-dimethyl methyl phthalein amine, stirring, dissolving, and adding WuCl₆Then continuously stirring to prepare spinning solution; wherein the weight percentage of polyacrylonitrile is 5-15%; setting spinning voltage of 7-20 kV, electrode distance of 100-220 mm, temperature of 15-50 ℃ and relative humidity of less than 60%, preparing a nanofiber membrane precursor, performing heat treatment at 50-90 ℃ for 12-24 h, and then irradiating under ultraviolet light for 5-15 min to prepare PAN/a-WuCl₆A nanofiber membrane;

s4, efficiently processing trace antibiotics and heavy metal materials by using a sandwich type sandwich:

adding triple degrading bacteria into the activated carbon material to prepare PAN/a-WuCl, wherein the triple degrading bacteria are obtained from the materials obtained from S1, S2 and S3, the triple resistant bacteria and the material prepared by the electrostatic spinning technology₆Placing in a suspension frame, absorbing heavy metal in sewage, adjusting oxygen concentration in biological treatment unit, adjusting diversity and content of microbial community, increasing concentration of anaerobic bacteria, and removing tetracycline and sulfonamide antibioticsAnd erythromycin, and resistant bacteria, residues of resistant genes thereof;

s5, combined application:

the functional material, the multiple antibiotic degradation microbial inoculum and the PAN/a-WuCl are applied₆Nanofiber membrane, wherein PAN/a-WuCl₆The nanofiber membrane has the function of absorbing oxygen, can adjust the functions of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in a sewage treatment system, increases the diversity of microbial communities and can be repeatedly used; therefore, the device is prepared into a mobile device which can be freely lifted, and the oxygen absorption condition of the device is judged through the change of the color indication;

s6, detecting the sewage treatment effect:

activated carbon obtained in S5, triple antibiotic degradation microbial inoculum and PAN/a-WuCl₆The sewage treatment device prepared by the nanofiber membrane is put into a laboratory sewage treatment model to detect the diversity of heavy metals, antibiotics, resistant bacteria, resistant genes and microbial communities.

2. The method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon-tungsten oxide adsorption material is prepared in S1; firstly, preparing a 1M HCl solution, adding activated carbon, soaking for 1h, repeatedly washing impurities with deionized water, filtering and drying to obtain treated activated carbon for later use; adding WuCl₆And NaOH are respectively dissolved in deionized water to prepare the WuCl₆Solution and NaOH solution; adding the acidified active carbon into the prepared WuCl₆In solution, homogenizing, WuCl₆Obtaining a mixed solution of the activated carbon and the Wu; dropwise adding a NaOH solution into a mixed solution of activated carbon and Wu, and transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction; and after the hydrothermal reaction is finished, centrifugally collecting the precipitate, washing to be neutral, drying, transferring to a crucible, and calcining in a muffle furnace to obtain the activated carbon loaded nano tungsten oxide adsorbent.

3. The method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals from sewage according to claim 1, wherein the reaction system for isolated culture and amplification of the triple antibiotic-degrading bacteria in S2 is capable of designing the ratio of three degrading bacteria according to the result of content detection of residual antibiotics in sewage, wherein when a certain antibiotic concentration is particularly high, only a single degrading bacteria is prepared, and when all three antibiotics concentrations are relatively high, a triple degrading bacteria agent is prepared; 10 test tubes and 100 culture dishes are used for degrading the bacterial agent, tetracycline degrading strains are adopted, and the ratio of peptone, yeast, sodium chloride and agar is 2100 g: 800 g: 600 g: 2200g, dissolving in 210L of sterilized double distilled water; inoculating the separated tetracycline degrading bacteria in a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and erythromycin, and continuously screening degrading bacteria with multiple antibiotic degrading effects for culture; according to the method, sulfonamide antibiotic degrading bacteria are inoculated in a culture medium containing tetracycline and erythromycin; inoculating erythromycin degrading bacteria to a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and tetracycline, culturing triple degrading bacteria to a bacterial colony a, picking the bacterial colony a by using a sterilized toothpick, culturing for 12-14 h on an LB solid culture medium containing the triple antibiotics with the concentration of 50 mug/mL to obtain a bacterial colony b, dipping the bacterial colony b by using the tube wall of a sterilizing tube, dipping the bacterial colony b to the tube wall of the sterilizing tube for culturing to obtain a bacterial colony c, and performing streak culture on the bacterial colony c;

adding 5g of peptone, 2g of yeast, 2g of sodium chloride, 5g of agar and 100ml of sterilized double distilled water into a culture test tube, uniformly stirring the ingredients in a stirring device, inoculating a single plant into a mixed solution in the culture test tube at the culture temperature of 25-28 ℃, and carrying out aseptic culture for 48-72 h to carry out strain culture; culturing triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, taking 50 culture dishes, putting 20g of peptone, 5g of yeast, 5g of sodium chloride, 20g of agar and 500ml of active water into each culture dish, uniformly stirring the mixed solution in a stirring device, shearing the primary bacteria bundles in the step one into 10 bacteria sections in equal parts, respectively soaking the cut bacteria sections into 10 culture dishes, placing the culture dishes into a sterile environment, standing the culture dishes at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 36h, paving hyphae on the culture dishes, then cutting the bacteria sheets in each culture dish into four equal parts, respectively putting the cut bacteria sheets into 40 culture dishes, placing the culture dishes into the sterile environment, standing the culture dishes at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 30h, and paving the bacteria sheets on the culture dishes; putting 1kg of peptone, 100g of yeast, 100g of sodium chloride, 1kg of agar and 30L of active water into a bacteria barrel, uniformly stirring the mixed solution in a stirring device at a rotating speed of 200r/min, putting the prepared triple antibiotic degrading bacteria into the mixed solution in the bacteria barrel, placing the bacteria barrel in a sterile environment, standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, and filling the whole bacteria barrel with flora; preparing a microbial inoculum of triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, filtering the prepared triple antibiotic degrading bacteria in double-distilled sterilized water to obtain a bacterial block of triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, equally dividing the bacterial block into 10 parts, taking 10 bacteria barrels, adding 80-140 g of yeast, 20-40 g of glucose, 20-40 g of sodium chloride, 2-5g of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-8 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 g of flocculating agent, 5-7 g of catalyst and 60L of double-distilled sterilized water into the bacteria barrels, putting the bacteria into a magnetic stirrer at the rotating speed of 200r/min, equally dividing the bacterial block into 10 parts, respectively soaking the bacteria into mixed liquid of the bacteria barrels, preparing the triple antibiotic degrading microbial inoculum, and storing the bacteria in an aseptic and dark environment at the temperature of 4-6 ℃.

4. The method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the polymer material in S3 is as follows: adding polyacrylonitrile into N, N-dimethyl methyl phthalein amine, stirring, dissolving, and adding WuCl₆Continuously stirring to prepare spinning solution; wherein the appropriate concentration of polyacrylonitrile is 10-15 wt%; setting spinning voltage of 10-20 kV, electrode distance of 100-220 mm, temperature of 15-50 ℃ and relative humidity of less than 60%, preparing a nanofiber membrane precursor, performing heat treatment at 50-90 ℃ for 12-24 h, and then irradiating under ultraviolet light for 5-15 min to prepare PAN/a-WuCl₆A nanofiber membrane.

5. The method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage according to claim 1, wherein the culture method of the triple degrading bacteria in S2 is performed according to the culture methods of tetracycline degrading bacteria, erythromycin degrading bacteria and sulfamethoxazole culture medium, and finally amplification and concentration are performed, wherein the addition amount is added according to the antibiotic residue in the biological treatment process; if the residual quantity of the single antibiotic in the antibiotic is high, an antibiotic degrading bacterium can be cultured to degrade the antibiotic, the resistant bacterium and the resistant gene, and the method has the advantages of flexible preparation, high removal effect and strong specificity.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one PAN/a-WuCl at S3 is used for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals from wastewater₆The preparation method of the nano-fiber membrane comprises the steps of adding polyacrylonitrile into N, N-dimethyl methyl phthalein amine, fully stirring and dissolving, and then adding WuCl₆Then continuously stirring to prepare spinning solution; wherein the weight percentage of polyacrylonitrile is 5-15%; setting spinning voltage of 7-20 kV, electrode distance of 100-220 mm, temperature of 15-50 ℃ and relative humidity of less than 60%, preparing a nanofiber membrane precursor, performing heat treatment at 50-90 ℃ for 12-24 h, and then irradiating under ultraviolet light for 5-15 min to prepare PAN/a-WuCl₆A nanofiber membrane.

7. The method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage according to claim 1, wherein the content ratio of the triple antibiotic-degrading microbial inoculum in S2 is 1: 1: and 1, judging the input amount of degradation bacteria of which type of antibiotics can be prepared, added and used according to the amount of the antibiotics with high residual concentration according to the detection result of the antibiotic residues.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the comprehensive technical field of high-efficiency specific treatment of heavy metals and antibiotics deeply fused by high polymer materials and environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage.

Background

In recent years, due to the increasing phenomenon of antibiotics abuse in the pharmaceutical industry and the aquaculture industry, most of ingested antibiotics enter soil and water environments in the form of metabolites and antibiotics with unchanged forms, various antibiotic resistant bacteria are induced and transmitted, so that indigenous strains carry various resistant genes and are denatured, water environment and soil pollution are caused, and living organisms in an ecological system are damaged. Although municipal sewage treatment plants have taken various methods and measures to remove antibiotics, higher concentrations of antibiotics have been detected. The increase of antibiotic concentration and variety in environment causes the continuous evolution and variation of microorganisms through obtaining one or more antibiotic resistance genes, and finally becomes super drug-resistant bacteria, which become a new type of pollutants more afraid and more difficult to control than the traditional pollutants and have more serious harm to ecological environment. Thus, sewage treatment systems have become a site for storage and exchange of antibiotic resistance genes, and various antibiotic resistance genes and drug-resistant microorganisms may enter the water environment with the discharged treated effluent, resulting in more extensive pollution. If the resistance gene is transferred into pathogenic bacteria, it constitutes a great risk to human health. With the advance of urbanization, the heavy metal industry is developed vigorously, but the heavy metal industry brings harm to resource environment, ecology and human safety, especially the content of metal elements in urban sewage is gradually increased, and the serious influence on the ecological environment and human health is rapidly reflected. Aiming at the problems existing at present, the method for treating heavy metal by using the traditional biological method only has limitations in the aspects of adaptability, high efficiency and the like, the advanced scientific technology is urgently needed to remove pollutants in sewage, and the method is necessary to put forward the pollutants in urban sewageAnd (3) an efficient control strategy of metal elements. Water resources are the basis for advancing the development of human civilization. The total amount of water on the earth is counted to be 13.86 multiplied by 10¹⁷m³The total amount of fresh water is 0.047X 10¹⁷m³This is very scarce for the earth carrying over 70 billion of people. Meanwhile, with the continuous development of economy, the living standard of people is continuously improved, the water body pollution is continuously aggravated, the development of economy and society is severely restricted, and the improvement of the living quality of people is also limited. At present, although China develops rapidly in the aspect of sewage treatment, the annual sewage treatment capacity lags behind the total discharge capacity, so that part of sewage is directly discharged into rivers without being treated, more water areas are polluted, the pollution degree of rivers, lakes and seas is increased year by year, and the overall condition of the water environment is not equal to the fundamental improvement. A large amount of heavy metals and antibiotics enter a sewage treatment system, and both the heavy metals and the antibiotics influence the activity of microorganisms, so that the sewage treatment efficiency is reduced. In the sewage treatment process, a large amount of pollutants such as heavy metals, antibiotics, resistant bacteria, resistant genes and the like are remained. Microorganisms in sewage are in the environment of low-concentration antibiotics and heavy metals for a long time, the drug resistance and the metal resistance are generated, particularly, the resistance transmission is serious, the microorganisms carry various resistance genes, and a drug-resistant bacterium monitoring plan is made so as to reduce the harm to human health caused by the drug resistance generated by the bacteria. Therefore, on the basis of the traditional sewage treatment technology, an advanced electrostatic spinning technology and a biological treatment technology are combined, an efficient and specific technology is developed, residues of heavy metals and antibiotics in the environment are removed, the physical health of people is guaranteed, the environmental quality is improved, the ecological balance is protected, and the method has important scientific significance and application value for the sustainable development of the animal husbandry.

At present, various countries are dedicated to research and development of sewage treatment technology, various advanced technologies are adopted to improve the level of trace pollutants which are difficult to remove in sewage, activated carbon-tungsten oxide adsorption materials are selected to effectively promote removal of heavy metals in sewage, multiple antibiotic degrading bacteria can effectively promote removal of tetracycline, sulfonamide antibiotics and erythromycin, and PAN/a-WuCl₆The nanofiber membrane is effectiveThe microbial community oxygen absorption device has the advantages of absorbing oxygen, adjusting the diversity of microbial communities, increasing the capability of degrading antibiotics by microorganisms, being repeatedly used, saving energy and capital, having the advantages of convenient operation, easy control, high efficiency, no secondary pollution and the like, effectively improving the high-efficiency treatment level of pollutants in sewage, and protecting the safety of ecological environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, the method is used for solving the problem that the treatment effect of the heavy metals and antibiotics, resistant bacteria and resistant genes in the sewage treatment process is not ideal, and the purpose of efficiently removing heavy metal residues is achieved through activated carbon-tungsten oxide; the degrading bacteria can efficiently remove the residues of tetracycline, erythromycin and sulfonamide antibiotics, reduce the breeding of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the propagation of resistant genes, solve the problem of difficulty in removing trace pollutants, save power fuel, reduce the residues of pollutants, influence on ecological environment and human health.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing adsorption material of activated carbon and tungsten chloride

Firstly, adding activated carbon after preparing 1M HCl solution, soaking for 1h, repeatedly washing impurities with deionized water, filtering and drying to obtain treated activated carbon for later use; wherein, the activated carbon and the WuCl₆The material-to-liquid ratio of (1: 40 g-ml)^-1The drying temperature is 65-70 ℃, and the drying time is 10-14 h.

Adding WuCl₆And NaOH are respectively dissolved in deionized water to prepare the WuCl₆Solution and NaOH solution; adding the acidified active carbon into the prepared WuCl₆In solution, homogenizing, WuCl₆Obtaining a mixed solution of the activated carbon and the Wu; dropwise adding a NaOH solution into a mixed solution of activated carbon and Wu, and transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction; wherein the stirring temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the stirring time is 18-24 h; the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 95 ℃, and waterThe thermal reaction time is 18-24 h.

And after the hydrothermal reaction is finished, centrifugally collecting the precipitate, washing to be neutral, drying, transferring to a crucible, and calcining in a muffle furnace to obtain the activated carbon loaded nano tungsten oxide adsorbent. Wherein the centrifugation speed is 3500rpm, and the centrifugation time is 3 min; the calcining temperature is 350 ℃, and the calcining time is 3-4 h.

S2, separating, culturing and concentrating the separated microorganisms with multiple degradation functions:

separating tetracycline degrading strains: preparing a 0.1g sludge sample into suspension by using 10mL sterile double distilled water, uniformly mixing, standing, adding 1mL supernatant into a culture medium with 20mg/L tetracycline concentration, culturing in a shaking table at 25 ℃ at 150r/min, sucking 0.5mL culture solution after 6-8 days, inoculating into a culture medium with 40mg/L tetracycline concentration again, and culturing for 6-8 days under the unchanged other conditions. The above steps are repeated until the final concentration of tetracycline is 120 mg/L. After the enrichment is finished, screening out single colonies which can take the tetracycline as the only carbon source by using a dilution coating method and a plate marking method, and separating and purifying the single colonies.

Separating erythromycin degradation strains: according to the method, 0.1g of sludge sample is made into suspension by 10mL of sterilized double distilled water, the suspension is evenly mixed and then stands, 1mL of supernatant is added into a culture medium with the erythromycin concentration of 20mg/L, the mixture is cultured in a shaking table at 25 ℃ and 150r/min, after 6-8d, 0.5mL of culture solution is sucked and inoculated into the culture medium with the erythromycin concentration of 40mg/L again, and the culture is carried out for 6-8d under the unchanged other conditions. The above steps are repeated until the final concentration of erythromycin is 120 mg/L. After the enrichment is finished, a single colony which can take the erythromycin as the only carbon source is screened out by a dilution coating method and a plate marking method, and is separated and purified.

And (3) separating a sulfonamide methyloxazole degrading strain: according to the method, 0.1g of sludge sample is made into suspension by 10mL of sterilized double distilled water, the suspension is evenly mixed and then is kept stand, 1mL of supernatant is added into a culture medium with 20mg/L of sulfamethoxazole, the mixture is cultured in a shaking table at 25 ℃ at 150r/min, after 6-8d, 0.5mL of culture solution is sucked and inoculated into the culture medium with 40mg/L of erythromycin concentration again, and the culture is carried out for 6-8d under the unchanged other conditions. The above steps are repeated until the final concentration of the sulfamethoxazole is 120 mg/L. After the enrichment is finished, screening out single colonies which can take the sulfamethoxazole as the only carbon source by using a dilution coating method and a plate marking method, and separating and purifying the single colonies.

Inoculating the separated tetracycline degrading bacteria in a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and erythromycin, and continuously screening the degrading bacteria with multiple antibiotic degrading effects for culture. According to the method, sulfonamide antibiotic degrading bacteria are inoculated in a culture medium containing tetracycline and erythromycin; inoculating erythromycin degrading bacteria to a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and tetracycline, culturing triple degrading bacteria to a bacterial colony a, picking the bacterial colony a by using a sterilized toothpick, culturing for 12-14 h on an LB solid culture medium containing the triple antibiotics with the concentration of 50 mug/mL to obtain a bacterial colony b, dipping the bacterial colony b by using the tube wall of a sterilizing tube, dipping the bacterial colony b to the tube wall of the sterilizing tube for culturing to obtain a bacterial colony c, and performing streak culture on the bacterial colony c.

10 test tubes, 100 culture dishes and 1 strain of tetracycline degradation bacteria, wherein the ratio of peptone, yeast, sodium chloride and agar is 2100 g: 800 g: 600 g: 2200g, dissolved in sterile double distilled water 210L. A tetracycline-containing petri dish, an erythromycin petri dish and a sulfonamide petri dish were prepared, respectively. Inoculating the separated tetracycline degrading bacteria in a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and erythromycin, and continuously screening the degrading bacteria with multiple antibiotic degrading effects for culture. According to the method, sulfonamide antibiotic degrading bacteria are inoculated in a culture medium containing tetracycline and erythromycin; inoculating erythromycin degrading bacteria to a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and tetracycline, culturing triple degrading bacteria to a bacterial colony a, picking the bacterial colony a by using a sterilized toothpick, culturing for 12-14 h on an LB solid culture medium containing the triple antibiotics with the concentration of 50 mug/mL to obtain a bacterial colony b, dipping the bacterial colony b by using the tube wall of a sterilizing tube, dipping the bacterial colony b to the tube wall of the sterilizing tube for culturing to obtain a bacterial colony c, and performing streak culture on the bacterial colony c.

And (2) adding 5g of peptone, 2g of yeast, 2g of sodium chloride, 5g of agar and 100ml of sterilized double distilled water into a culture test tube, uniformly stirring the ingredients in a stirring device, inoculating the single strain into the mixed solution in the culture test tube at the culture temperature of 25-28 ℃, and carrying out aseptic culture for 48-72 h to culture the strain.

Culturing triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, taking 50 culture dishes, putting 20g of peptone, 5g of yeast, 5g of sodium chloride, 20g of agar and 500ml of sterilized double distilled water into each culture dish, uniformly stirring the mixed solution in a stirring device, cutting equal parts of the primary generation bacterial bundles in the step one into 10 bacterial segments, respectively soaking the cut bacterial segments into 10 culture dishes, placing the culture dishes into a sterile environment, standing for 36 hours at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, paving hyphae on the culture dishes, then cutting bacterial sheets in each culture dish into four equal parts, respectively putting the cut bacterial sheets into 40 culture dishes, placing the culture dishes into the sterile environment, and standing for 30 hours at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, and paving the bacterial sheets on the culture dishes.

Putting 1kg of peptone, 100g of yeast, 100g of sodium chloride, 1kg of agar and 30L of active water into a bacteria barrel, uniformly stirring the mixed solution in a stirring device at a rotating speed of 200r/min, putting the prepared triple antibiotic degrading bacteria into the mixed solution in the bacteria barrel, placing the bacteria barrel in a sterile environment, standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, and filling the whole bacteria barrel with flora;

preparing a microbial inoculum of triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, filtering the prepared triple antibiotic degrading bacteria in double-distilled sterilized water to obtain a bacterial block of triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, equally dividing the bacterial block into 10 parts, taking 10 bacteria barrels, adding 80-140 g of yeast, 20-40 g of glucose, 20-40 g of sodium chloride, 2-5g of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-8 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 g of flocculating agent, 5-7 g of catalyst and 60L of double-distilled sterilized water into the bacteria barrels, putting the bacteria into a magnetic stirrer at the rotating speed of 200r/min, equally dividing the bacterial block into 10 parts, respectively soaking the bacteria into mixed liquid of the bacteria barrels, preparing the triple antibiotic degrading microbial inoculum, and storing the bacteria in an aseptic and dark environment at the temperature of 4-6 ℃.

S3、PAN/a-WuCl₆Preparation of

Adding polyacrylonitrile into N, N-dimethyl methyl phthalein amine, stirring, dissolving, and adding WuCl₆Then continuously stirring to prepare spinning solution; wherein the weight percentage of the polyacrylonitrile is 5-15%. Setting spinning voltage of 7-20 kV, electrode distance of 100-220 mm and temperature of 15-50 DEG CAnd the relative humidity is lower than 60%, after the nanofiber membrane precursor is prepared, heat treatment is carried out for 12-24 hours at 50-90 ℃, then, the mixture is irradiated for 5-15 min under ultraviolet light, and PAN/a-WuCl is prepared₆A nanofiber membrane.

S4, efficiently processing trace antibiotics and heavy metal materials by using a sandwich type sandwich:

adding triple degrading bacteria into the activated carbon material to prepare PAN/a-WuCl, wherein the triple degrading bacteria are obtained from the materials obtained from S1, S2 and S3, the triple resistant bacteria and the material prepared by the electrostatic spinning technology₆Placing in a suspension frame, absorbing heavy metal in sewage, adjusting oxygen concentration in the biological treatment unit, adjusting diversity and content of microbial community, increasing concentration of anaerobic bacteria, and removing residue of tetracycline, sulfonamide antibiotics and erythromycin, and resistant bacteria and resistant genes thereof.

S5, combined application:

the functional material, the multiple antibiotic degradation microbial inoculum and the PAN/a-WuCl are applied₆Nanofiber membrane, wherein PAN/a-WuCl₆The nanofiber membrane has the function of absorbing oxygen, can adjust the functions of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in a sewage treatment system, increases the diversity of microbial communities, and can be repeatedly used. Therefore, the oxygen absorption state of the mobile device can be judged through the change of the color indication.

S6, detecting the sewage treatment effect:

activated carbon obtained in S5, triple antibiotic degradation microbial inoculum and PAN/a-WuCl₆The sewage treatment device prepared by the nanofiber membrane is put into a laboratory sewage treatment model to detect the diversity of heavy metals, antibiotics, resistant bacteria, resistant genes and microbial communities.

According to the invention, the activated carbon-tungsten oxide adsorbing material in S1 is prepared; firstly, preparing a 1M HCl solution, adding activated carbon, soaking for 1h, repeatedly washing impurities with deionized water, filtering and drying to obtain treated activated carbon for later use; adding WuCl₆And NaOH are respectively dissolved in deionized water to prepare the WuCl₆Solution and NaOH solution; adding the acidified active carbon into the prepared WuCl₆In solution, homogenizing, WuCl₆Obtaining a mixed solution of the activated carbon and the Wu; dropwise adding a NaOH solution into a mixed solution of activated carbon and Wu, and transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction; and after the hydrothermal reaction is finished, centrifugally collecting the precipitate, washing to be neutral, drying, transferring to a crucible, and calcining in a muffle furnace to obtain the activated carbon loaded nano tungsten oxide adsorbent.

According to the invention, preferably, the reaction system for separation, culture and amplification of the triple antibiotic-degrading bacteria in S2 can design the proportion of the three degrading bacteria according to the result of content detection of residual antibiotics in sewage, when the concentration of one antibiotic is particularly high, only a single degrading bacteria is prepared, and when the concentrations of the three antibiotics are all relatively high, the triple degrading bacteria agent is prepared. 10 test tubes and 100 culture dishes are used for degrading the bacterial agent, tetracycline degrading strains are adopted, and the ratio of peptone, yeast, sodium chloride and agar is 2100 g: 800 g: 600 g: 2200g, dissolved in sterile double distilled water 210L. Inoculating the separated tetracycline degrading bacteria in a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and erythromycin, and continuously screening the degrading bacteria with multiple antibiotic degrading effects for culture. According to the method, sulfonamide antibiotic degrading bacteria are inoculated in a culture medium containing tetracycline and erythromycin; inoculating erythromycin degrading bacteria to a culture medium containing sulfonamide antibiotics and tetracycline, culturing triple degrading bacteria to a bacterial colony a, picking the bacterial colony a by using a sterilized toothpick, culturing for 12-14 h on an LB solid culture medium containing the triple antibiotics with the concentration of 50 mug/mL to obtain a bacterial colony b, dipping the bacterial colony b by using the tube wall of a sterilizing tube, dipping the bacterial colony b to the tube wall of the sterilizing tube for culturing to obtain a bacterial colony c, and performing streak culture on the bacterial colony c.

And (2) adding 5g of peptone, 2g of yeast, 2g of sodium chloride, 5g of agar and 100ml of sterilized double distilled water into a culture test tube, uniformly stirring the ingredients in a stirring device, inoculating the single strain into the mixed solution in the culture test tube at the culture temperature of 25-28 ℃, and carrying out aseptic culture for 48-72 h to culture the strain. Culturing triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, taking 50 culture dishes, putting 20g of peptone, 5g of yeast, 5g of sodium chloride, 20g of agar and 500ml of active water into each culture dish, uniformly stirring the mixed solution in a stirring device, shearing the primary bacteria bundles in the step one into 10 bacteria sections in equal parts, respectively soaking the cut bacteria sections into 10 culture dishes, placing the culture dishes into a sterile environment, standing for 36 hours at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, paving hyphae on the culture dishes, then cutting the bacteria sheets in each culture dish into four equal parts, respectively putting the cut bacteria sheets into 40 culture dishes, placing the culture dishes into the sterile environment, standing for 30 hours at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, and paving the bacteria sheets on the culture dishes. Putting 1kg of peptone, 100g of yeast, 100g of sodium chloride, 1kg of agar and 30L of active water into a bacteria barrel, uniformly stirring the mixed solution in a stirring device at a rotating speed of 200r/min, putting the prepared triple antibiotic degrading bacteria into the mixed solution in the bacteria barrel, placing the bacteria barrel in a sterile environment, standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, and filling the whole bacteria barrel with flora; preparing a microbial inoculum of triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, filtering the prepared triple antibiotic degrading bacteria in double-distilled sterilized water to obtain a bacterial block of triple antibiotic degrading bacteria, equally dividing the bacterial block into 10 parts, taking 10 bacteria barrels, adding 80-140 g of yeast, 20-40 g of glucose, 20-40 g of sodium chloride, 2-5g of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-8 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 g of flocculating agent, 5-7 g of catalyst and 60L of double-distilled sterilized water into the bacteria barrels, putting the bacteria into a magnetic stirrer at the rotating speed of 200r/min, equally dividing the bacterial block into 10 parts, respectively soaking the bacteria into mixed liquid of the bacteria barrels, preparing the triple antibiotic degrading microbial inoculum, and storing the bacteria in an aseptic and dark environment at the temperature of 4-6 ℃.

According to the invention, the preparation method of the polymer material in S3 is preferably as follows: adding polyacrylonitrile into N, N-dimethyl methyl phthalein amine, stirring, dissolving, and adding WuCl₆Continuously stirring to prepare spinning solution; wherein the polyacrylonitrile is suitable in concentration of 10-15 wt%. Setting spinning voltage of 10-20 kV, electrode distance of 100-220 mm, temperature of 15-50 ℃ and relative humidity of less than 60%, preparing a nanofiber membrane precursor, performing heat treatment at 50-90 ℃ for 12-24 h, and then irradiating under ultraviolet light for 5-15 min to prepare PAN/a-WuCl₆A nanofiber membrane.

According to the invention, preferably, the culture method of the triple degrading bacteria in S2 is carried out according to the culture methods of tetracycline degrading bacteria, erythromycin degrading bacteria and sulfamethoxazole culture medium, and finally amplification and concentration are carried out, wherein the addition amount is added according to the antibiotic residue in the biological treatment process. If the residual quantity of the single antibiotic in the antibiotic is high, an antibiotic degrading bacterium can be cultured to degrade the antibiotic, the resistant bacterium and the resistant gene, and the method has the advantages of flexible preparation, high removal effect and strong specificity.

Preferred according to the invention is a PAN/a-WuCl as described in S3₆The preparation method of the nano-fiber membrane comprises the steps of adding polyacrylonitrile into N, N-dimethyl methyl phthalein amine, fully stirring and dissolving, and then adding WuCl₆Then continuously stirring to prepare spinning solution; wherein the weight percentage of the polyacrylonitrile is 5-15%. Setting spinning voltage of 7-20 kV, electrode distance of 100-220 mm, temperature of 15-50 ℃ and relative humidity of less than 60%, preparing a nanofiber membrane precursor, performing heat treatment at 50-90 ℃ for 12-24 h, and then irradiating under ultraviolet light for 5-15 min to prepare PAN/a-WuCl₆A nanofiber membrane. .

According to the invention, the content ratio of the triple antibiotic degrading microbial inoculum in S2 is 1: 1: and 1, judging the input amount of degradation bacteria of which type of antibiotics can be prepared, added and used according to the amount of the antibiotics with high residual concentration according to the detection result of the antibiotic residues.

The functional material with catalysis and adsorption functions prepared by the activated carbon-tungsten oxide can effectively adsorb residual pollutants in the sewage treatment process, overcomes the defect of poor treatment effect of the traditional sewage treatment technology, achieves the aim of preventing hepatitis E by eating alfalfa, is easy to produce, does not have the problem of refrigeration storage, is directly applied to a sewage treatment system, avoids the harm brought by the traditional technology to the residual trace pollutants such as heavy metals, antibiotics, resistant bacteria, resistant genes and the like, and plays a positive role in the propagation of the resistant genes, the increase of the resistance of the resistant bacteria and the potential safety hazard of ecological environment possibly brought by the propagation between animals and human beings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the results of measurement of the residual amount of heavy metals in the wastewater treatment process in example 1;

FIG. 2 shows the antibiotic residue detection results of the units of the sewage treatment plant in example 1;

FIG. 3 shows the results of detection of antibiotic resistance genes in example 1;

FIG. 4 shows the results of the microbial community detection in the sewage in example 1.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Example 1

A method for removing multiple antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage comprises the steps of collecting 1 time every half month from 12 months in 2019 to 4 months in 2020, collecting 3 parallel samples every time, and storing 5L of sample samples which are collected aseptically in each section of a certain sewage treatment plant at 4 ℃ for later use. The LB medium was prepared according to a conventional method. Tetracycline medium: 20mg of tetracycline was removed and added to a beaker containing 1mL of methanol, completely dissolved, filtered, and added to the sterilized medium. Other antibiotic media were prepared by adding antibiotics as described above.

And (3) placing the prepared activated carbon-tungsten oxide material in sewage for 30min, and then detecting the concentration of heavy metal residues in pollutants. And (3) putting the bacterial flora for triple degradation of antibiotics into the sewage, and detecting the antibiotics, resistant bacteria and resistant genes after 3 hours. And finally, the prepared PAN-material is placed in the sewage for 3 hours, and then the concentration detection of heavy metal and antibiotics is carried out. And lifting the PAN-material, irradiating the PAN-material by ultraviolet rays, and then putting the PAN-material into a sewage treatment system to detect the diversity of the microbial community.

1. Detection of heavy metals

Five heavy metal elements are detected in the collected sewage sample by ICP-MS. The highest residual quantity is Pb, and then Cr, Zn and Cu; the lowest is Ni. The concentration ranges of the detected heavy metals are 146.5-383.3, 132.8-215.2, 61.9-89.4, 14.2-38.4 and 7.2-34.5 mu g/L respectively. The heavy metal removal efficiency in the sewage treatment system is that the removal rates of Zn, Cu and Pb are respectively about 53.5%, 60.1%, 61.9% and 70.2%, but the removal effect on Cr is poor, and the removal rate is 38.8%. The results are shown in FIG. 1.

2. Detection of antibiotics

The change of the type, concentration and the like of antibiotics in the sewage treatment process was detected by using HPLC-MS/MS. Erythromycin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole are detected, and the residual quantity of the erythromycin, the tetracycline and the sulfamethoxazole has certain difference at each stage of the sewage treatment system. The concentrations of inlet water and outlet water are respectively 24.6-36.1 ng/L, 32.6-52.3 ng/L and 46.8-82.2 ng/L, and the treatment efficiencies are respectively 31.9%, 37.7% and 43.1%. The results are shown in FIG. 2.

3. Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

The total concentration of sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and erythromycin drug-resistant bacteria in the inlet water of each treatment stage in the collected sewage is about 1.6-8.2 multiplied by 105 CFU/mL. Due to different sources of the collected sewage, the residual substances and microbial communities of the collected sewage are different, and the bred microbes are exposed to the environment with high content of nutrient substances, sub-lethal antibiotic concentration and heavy metals for a long time, so that the traditional sewage treatment technology is difficult to remove the antibiotics and drug resistance in the water body, and even possibly induces the generation of antibiotic drug resistance and promotes the propagation and diffusion of the antibiotic resistance. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 detection results of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

4. Resistance change of antibiotic

And randomly selecting 20 strains of the three antibiotic-resistant bacteria for antibiotic resistance detection, and screening resistant strains of various antibiotics. Of the sulfonamide-resistant bacteria, 4 strains had both tetracycline and erythromycin resistance, 5 strains had tetracycline resistance, and 2 strains had antibiotic resistance against erythromycin. Among tetracycline resistant bacteria, 6 strains have both sulfonamide and erythromycin resistance, 4 strains have sulfonamide antibiotic resistance, and 3 strains have antibiotic resistance to erythromycin. 2 of the erythromycin resistant bacteria have sulfanilamide and tetracycline resistance, 2 have resistance to tetracycline, and 3 have resistance to sulfanilamide antibiotics. The multi-antibiotic resistance of sulfamethoxazole reaches 20%, and the dual-antibiotic resistance reaches 35%. The resistance of tetracycline to multiple antibiotics reaches 30%, and the resistance of dual antibiotics reaches 35%. The erythromycin multi-antibiotic resistance is only 10%, and the dual-antibiotic resistance reaches 25%. The erythromycin resistant strains have a relatively low multi-resistance, and the main reason for this analysis may be the high use of sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics, while erythromycin use is relatively low. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 antibiotic-resistant bacteria multiple resistance test results

5. Antibiotic resistance gene test results

After the sewage is treated by multiple antibiotic degrading bacteria, the number of resistance genes is reduced by 2 titers. The results are shown in FIG. 3.

6. Results of testing microbial community diversity

In this experiment, the change of the microorganism was first investigated at a level where the average abundance of OTU (Operational nucleic acids Units) was 1.5% or more. The antibiotics can generate toxicity to microorganisms, so that the activity of the microorganisms is reduced, the proteobacteria is the largest microorganism in sewage treatment, the proteobacteria comprises aerobic, anaerobic and facultative microorganisms, has various metabolic species, also comprises some inorganic functional microorganisms, can remove nitrogen and phosphorus while removing organic matters, and for example, Nitrosomonas is a Nitrosomonas capable of oxidizing ammonia nitrogen. Due to the higher abundance of proteobacteria in the reactor, the removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen are less affected in the presence of antibiotics. As can be seen from fig. 4, after the microbial community in the sewage is treated by the functional material, the number of anaerobic microbial communities of gamma proteobacteria increases the concentration of the Subgroup microbial communities, and the number of other microbial communities increases, thereby further proving that the functional material can adjust the diversity of the microbial community, reduce the potential threat of antibiotics, resistant bacteria and resistant genes in the sewage to the ecological environment, being beneficial to the improvement and upgrade of the sewage treatment technology, and effectively ensuring the health of human beings.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.