阅读说明：本技术 一种银杏树枝杆发酵制备木酢的系统 (System for preparing pyroligneous through fermentation of ginkgo tree branches ) 是由 石永芳 于 2021-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种银杏树枝杆发酵制备木酢的系统,涉及银杏树制取木酢技术领域。流程：利用撕碎机将鲜银杏树枝叶粉碎；用混合机将发酵剂与鲜的银杏树枝叶碎末混合制成混合原料；混合原料在发酵设备中30-40℃下发酵12-20天制成发酵原料；用粉碎机将干的银杏树干和枝条粉碎；用混合机将银杏树粉碎原料与发酵原料混合；用压块机将上述原料压成块状,压块机优选秸秆压块机,将块状原料放置于10-15℃的室内腐熟30-50天；用粉碎机将腐熟后的银杏树原料粉碎,再用烘干机将粉碎的原料烘干；用电加热热解釜将腐熟后的银杏树原料碎块与木炭加热、冷凝制成木酢液。解决银杏树木提取木酢得率低,以及银杏树枝叶不能有效利用的问题。(A system for preparing pyroligneous by fermenting branches of ginkgo trees relates to the technical field of producing pyroligneous by ginkgo trees. The process comprises the following steps: crushing branches and leaves of a fresh ginkgo tree by using a shredder; mixing the leavening agent and the crushed branches and leaves of the fresh ginkgo tree by a mixer to prepare mixed raw materials; fermenting the mixed raw materials in a fermentation device at 30-40 deg.C for 12-20 days to obtain fermented raw materials; crushing the trunk and branches of the dried ginkgo by a crusher; mixing the crushed ginkgo tree raw material with the fermentation raw material by using a mixer; pressing the raw materials into blocks by a briquetting machine, preferably selecting a straw briquetting machine by the briquetting machine, and placing the block raw materials in a room at 10-15 ℃ for decomposing for 30-50 days; crushing the decomposed ginkgo tree raw material by using a crusher, and drying the crushed raw material by using a dryer; heating the decomposed ginkgo tree raw material fragments and charcoal in an electric heating pyrolysis kettle, and condensing to prepare pyroligneous liquor. Solves the problems of low yield of pyroligneous extracted from ginkgo tree and ineffective utilization of ginkgo branches and leaves.)

1. A system for preparing pyroligneous by fermenting branches of ginkgo trees is characterized in that:

the system flow is as follows:

crushing wet materials: crushing branches and leaves of a fresh ginkgo tree by using a shredder;

(II) wet material mixing: mixing a leavening agent and the crushed powder of the fresh ginkgo branches and leaves by a mixer to prepare a mixed raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the leavening agent to the crushed powder of the fresh ginkgo branches and leaves is 1: 500-1000;

(III) a first fermentation process: fermenting the mixed raw materials in the step (II) in a fermentation device at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 12-20 days to prepare fermentation raw materials;

(IV) crushing dry materials: crushing the trunk and branches of the dried ginkgo by a crusher;

(V) mixing dry materials and wet materials: mixing the crushed ginkgo tree raw material with the fermentation raw material by using a mixer;

(VI) briquetting and decomposing: pressing the raw materials into blocks by a briquetting machine, and placing the block raw materials in a room at 10-15 ℃ for 30-50 days;

(VII) crushing and drying: crushing the decomposed ginkgo tree raw material obtained in the step (VI) by using a crusher, and drying the crushed raw material by using a dryer;

(VIII) extracting wood vinegar liquid: heating the decomposed ginkgo tree raw material fragments and charcoal in an electric heating pyrolysis kettle, and condensing to prepare pyroligneous liquor.

2. The system for preparing pyroligneous by fermenting branches and stems of ginkgo biloba according to claim 1, wherein: the specific steps for preparing the wood vinegar liquid are as follows:

hot dry distillation: adding fragments of decomposed ginkgo tree raw materials and charcoal into a pyrolysis kettle, wherein the ratio of the fragments to the charcoal is (2-3): 1, pyrolyzing for 8-15 hours at the temperature of 400-550 ℃ in the absence of air;

(II) condensation: condensing the condenser by the gas led out from the pyrolysis kettle to obtain coarse pyroligneous liquor;

(III) standing: placing the crude pyroligneous liquor and ethanol together in a container, standing and layering;

(IV) distilling: rectifying the middle layer obtained by layering under the following conditions: condensing at 120-140 deg.c to obtain refined pyroligneous liquid.

3. The system for preparing pyroligneous by fermenting branches and stems of ginkgo biloba according to claim 1, wherein: in the sixth step, the weight ratio of the crushed ginkgo raw materials to the fermentation raw materials is 3-5: 1.

4. the system for preparing pyroligneous by fermenting branches and stems of ginkgo biloba according to claim 1, wherein: and the leavening agent used in the sixth step is an organic fertilizer leavening agent.

5. The system for preparing pyroligneous by fermenting branches and stems of ginkgo biloba according to claim 1, wherein: and a seventh step, wherein the water content mass ratio of the dried raw materials is less than or equal to 7%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of preparing pyroligneous from ginkgo trees, in particular to a system for preparing pyroligneous by using ginkgo tree branches and stems by a fermentation method.

Background

The ginkgo wood vinegar liquid is natural essence extracted from ginkgo wood, contains more than 200 organic substances which are mainly acetic acid and are delivered by ginkgo crushing raw material delivery pipes, and has the main characteristics and advantages that: is derived from natural substances, does not pollute the environment, has no toxic or side effect on human bodies, is an ideal substitute for agricultural chemicals, has obvious effect and high utilization value. The pyroligneous liquor is a liquid mixture recovered during the dry distillation of wood, and is a system substance with complex composition, multiple functions and relative stability. In recent years, pyroligneous extracted from branches and stems of ginkgo trees has certain medicinal value. However, the prior art directly extracts the ginkgo pyroligneous liquor by using forest trees, and the yield of the ginkgo pyroligneous liquor extracted by the prior art is low. In addition, the ginkgo leaf tree resources are less, the number of trees capable of being used as pyroligneous extracting raw materials is less, branches and leaves of ginkgo trees cannot be utilized, waste is caused, and meanwhile, the yield of the ginkgo leaf pyroligneous is limited.

Chinese patent document CN104327874B discloses a method for preparing pyroligneous liquor, which uses walnut shells as raw material to make pyroligneous liquor easy to be layered, has good quality, is especially suitable for fertilizer, and is beneficial to improving the yield of pyroligneous liquor by adding charcoal and two-stage pyrolysis. But the yield of the pyroligneous extracted by the technology is not obviously improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a system for preparing pyroligneous by fermenting ginkgo branches, which aims to solve the problems that the yield of pyroligneous extracted from ginkgo trees is low and ginkgo branches and leaves cannot be effectively utilized.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a system for preparing pyroligneous by fermenting branches of ginkgo trees comprises the following processes:

crushing wet materials: crushing branches and leaves of a fresh ginkgo tree by using a shredder;

(II) wet material mixing: mixing a leavening agent and the crushed powder of the fresh ginkgo branches and leaves by a mixer to prepare a mixed raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the leavening agent to the crushed powder of the fresh ginkgo branches and leaves is 1: 500-1000;

(III) a first fermentation process: fermenting the mixed raw materials in the step (II) in a fermentation device at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 12-20 days to prepare fermentation raw materials;

(IV) crushing dry materials: crushing the trunk and branches of the dried ginkgo by a crusher;

(V) mixing dry materials and wet materials: mixing the crushed ginkgo tree raw material with the fermentation raw material by using a mixer;

(VI) briquetting and decomposing: pressing the raw materials into blocks by a briquetting machine, and placing the block raw materials in a room at 10-15 ℃ for 30-50 days;

(VII) crushing and drying: crushing the decomposed ginkgo tree raw material obtained in the step (VI) by using a crusher, and drying the crushed raw material by using a dryer;

(VIII) extracting wood vinegar liquid: heating the decomposed ginkgo tree raw material fragments and charcoal in an electric heating pyrolysis kettle, and condensing to prepare pyroligneous liquor.

Further, the system for preparing pyroligneous through ginkgo branch fermentation, provided by the invention, has the following characteristics: the specific steps for preparing the wood vinegar liquid are as follows:

hot dry distillation: adding fragments of decomposed ginkgo tree raw materials and charcoal into a pyrolysis kettle, wherein the ratio of the fragments to the charcoal is (2-3): 1, pyrolyzing for 8-15 hours at the temperature of 400-550 ℃ in the absence of air;

(II) condensation: condensing the condenser by the gas led out from the pyrolysis kettle to obtain coarse pyroligneous liquor;

(III) standing: placing the crude pyroligneous liquor and ethanol together in a container, standing and layering;

(IV) distilling: rectifying the middle layer obtained by layering under the following conditions: condensing at 120-140 deg.c to obtain refined pyroligneous liquid.

The invention is characterized in that: a series of equipment such as a shredder, a wet material mixer, a fermentation device, dry material crushing, dry and wet material mixing, a briquetting machine, a dryer, an electric heating pyrolysis kettle and the like are adopted to form a processing system, branches and leaves of a wet ginkgo tree are firstly fermented, then a fermentation raw material is mixed with dry ginkgo branch and stem raw materials, briquetting and decomposition are carried out, the decomposed raw materials are dried, and then wood vinegar is extracted.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wet branches and trunks of the ginkgo tree are utilized to the maximum extent, and the yield of the wood vinegar extracted is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the present invention.

In the figure: the system comprises a shredder 1, a wet material mixer 2, a fermentation device 3, dry material crushing 4, dry material mixing 5, a briquetting machine 6, a dryer 7 and an electric heating pyrolysis kettle 8.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

referring to fig. 1, a system for preparing pyroligneous by fermenting branches of ginkgo trees includes the following processes:

crushing wet materials: crushing fresh ginkgo tree branches and leaves into powder with the diameter less than 12 millimeters by using a shredder 1; the shredder is large or small depending on the production capacity.

(II) wet material mixing: the leavening agent and the fresh ginkgo branch and leaf powder are mixed by a mixer 2 to prepare mixed raw materials, and the mixer is preferably a conical mixer. The mass ratio of the leavening agent to the fresh ginkgo branch and leaf powder is 1: 500-1000; the leavening agent is preferably an organic fertilizer leavening agent. The mixing process can be carried out by placing the raw materials in a mixing container, manually adding the leavening agent, and manually mixing.

(III) a first fermentation process: fermenting the mixed raw material in the step (II) in a fermentation device at 30-40 ℃ for 12-20 days to prepare a fermentation raw material, wherein the fermentation device 3 adopts an organic fertilizer fermentation tank or a container, the mouth of the container can be in a sealed or semi-sealed structure, and if the container is a sealed container, the mixed raw material is deflated once every 3-6 hours;

(IV) crushing dry materials: crushing the trunk and branches of the dry ginkgo by a crusher 4 into particles with the diameter of less than 8 mm to prepare ginkgo crushed raw materials; the pulverizer adopts a trunk pulverizer and/or a branch pulverizer, if the number of the trunks of the ginkgo leaves is large, the trunk pulverizer (which can pulverize the branches simultaneously) is adopted, and if the number of the branches is only large, the branch pulverizer is adopted.

(V) mixing dry materials and wet materials: mixing the crushed ginkgo raw materials with the fermentation raw materials by a mixer 5, wherein the mass ratio of the crushed ginkgo raw materials to the fermentation raw materials is 3-5: 1; the mixer is preferably a conical mixer, and the mixing is relatively sufficient.

(VI) briquetting and decomposing: pressing the raw materials into blocks by a briquetting machine 6, wherein the briquetting machine is preferably a straw briquetting machine, the side length of each block is 30-40 cm, and the pressure during briquetting is 30-50 kg. Putting the block raw materials in a room with the temperature of 10-15 ℃ for decomposing for 30-50 days. Experiments show that the size of the block is beneficial to keeping the temperature and heat dissipation required by the decomposition of the ginkgo tree raw materials in the block, so that the ginkgo tree raw materials in the block can be decomposed more fully.

(VII) crushing and drying: and (5) crushing the decomposed ginkgo tree raw material obtained in the step (six) into small blocks with the diameter of less than 3 cm by using a crusher, wherein a semi-wet material crusher is preferred during crushing. And drying the crushed raw materials by a dryer 7, wherein the dryer can be a grain dryer, a fertilizer dryer and the like. The water content of the dried raw materials is less than or equal to 7 percent (mass ratio);

(VIII) extracting wood vinegar liquid: the decomposed ginkgo tree raw material fragments and charcoal are heated and condensed by an electric heating pyrolysis kettle 8 to prepare pyroligneous liquor. The extraction method of pyroligneous liquor can be conventional extraction method in the prior art.

Example two:

the specific steps for preparing the wood vinegar liquid are as follows:

1. thermal dry distillation: adding fragments of decomposed ginkgo tree raw materials and charcoal into a pyrolysis kettle, wherein the ratio of the fragments to the charcoal is (2-3): 1, pyrolyzing for 8-15 hours at the temperature of 400-550 ℃ in the absence of air;

2. condensation: condensing the condenser by the gas led out from the pyrolysis kettle to obtain coarse pyroligneous liquor;

3. standing: placing the crude pyroligneous liquor and ethanol together in a container, standing and layering;

4. and (3) distillation: rectifying the middle layer obtained by layering under the following conditions: condensing at 120-140 deg.c to obtain refined pyroligneous liquid.

And (3) comparing the extraction yield of pyroligneous:

firstly, by adopting the method, 100 kg of decomposed ginkgo tree raw material is used for extracting pyroligneous, the weight of the pyroligneous after extraction is weighed as 1.6 kg, and the yield is 1.6%.

Secondly, by adopting the method, 100 kg of dry ginkgo leaf trunks are used for extracting pyroligneous, the weight of the pyroligneous is weighed as 0.37 kg after extraction, and the yield is 0.37%.

As explained above, the yield of pyroligneous extracted from decomposed ginkgo leaf is obviously improved compared with that of pyroligneous extracted directly from trunk.

It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first fermentation and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.