阅读说明：本技术 基于高温固体颗粒热载体的太阳能气化系统 (Solar gasification system based on high-temperature solid particle heat carrier ) 是由 白章 胡文鑫 刘启斌 袁宇 于 2021-08-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开提供一种基于高温固体颗粒热载体的太阳能气化系统,包括：太阳能集热子系统(A),用于对太阳能进行集热,以加热固体颗粒热载体,将热能存储于固体颗粒热载体；气化子系统(B),包括热解反应器(5)及流化床气化反应器(8),热解反应器(5)用于将碳氢固体原料与固体颗粒热载体混合发生热解反应,流化床气化反应器(8)用于将热解反应的固体产物与固体颗粒热载体混合发生气化反应,产生气化合成气；制氢子系统(C),用于根据气化合成气的热量产生水蒸气,并利用气化合成气及水蒸气进行水气变换反应以制备氢气；发电子系统(D),用于利用热解反应产生的不可凝结可燃气体和制氢产生的可燃气体及燃烧气化反应的固体产物发电。(The present disclosure provides a solar gasification system based on a high temperature solid particle heat carrier, comprising: the solar heat collecting subsystem (A) is used for collecting solar energy to heat the solid particle heat carrier and storing heat energy in the solid particle heat carrier; the gasification subsystem (B) comprises a pyrolysis reactor (5) and a fluidized bed gasification reactor (8), wherein the pyrolysis reactor (5) is used for mixing a hydrocarbon solid raw material with a solid particle heat carrier to generate a pyrolysis reaction, and the fluidized bed gasification reactor (8) is used for mixing a solid product of the pyrolysis reaction with the solid particle heat carrier to generate a gasification reaction to generate gasified synthetic gas; the hydrogen production subsystem (C) is used for generating steam according to the heat of the gasified synthesis gas and carrying out water-gas shift reaction by utilizing the gasified synthesis gas and the steam to prepare hydrogen; and the power generation subsystem (D) is used for generating power by using the non-condensable combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction, the combustible gas generated by hydrogen production and the solid product generated by the combustion gasification reaction.)

1. A solar gasification system based on a high temperature solid particulate heat carrier, comprising:

the solar heat collecting subsystem (A) is used for collecting solar energy and heating a solid particle heat carrier by using the collected heat energy so as to store the heat energy in the solid particle heat carrier;

a gasification subsystem (B) comprising a pyrolysis reactor (5) and a fluidized bed gasification reactor (8), wherein the pyrolysis reactor (5) is used for mixing a hydrocarbon solid raw material (S1) with the solid particle heat carrier and transferring heat energy to drive pyrolysis reaction; the fluidized bed gasification reactor (8) is used for mixing a solid product of pyrolysis reaction with the solid particle heat carrier and transferring heat energy so as to drive gasification reaction to generate gasification synthesis gas;

a hydrogen production subsystem (C) for generating steam (S3) from the heat contained in the gasification synthesis gas; and performing a water gas shift reaction using the gasified syngas and the steam (S3) to produce hydrogen;

and the power generation subsystem (D) is used for driving gas Brayton cycle power generation by utilizing non-condensable combustible gas in gas products of the pyrolysis reaction and combustible gas obtained in the hydrogen preparation process, and driving steam Rankine cycle power generation by combusting combustible solid products discharged by the gasification reaction and utilizing high-temperature exhaust heat of the gas Brayton cycle.

2. Solar gasification system based on a high temperature solid particulate heat carrier according to claim 1, wherein the solar collector subsystem (a) comprises:

the device comprises a heliostat field (1), a solid particle absorber (2), a high-temperature particle storage tank (3) and a low-temperature particle storage tank (4);

wherein the heliostat field (1) is used for concentrating solar energy to the solid particle absorber (2); the low-temperature particle storage tank (4) is used for storing a low-temperature solid particle heat carrier, and pumping the low-temperature solid particle heat carrier to the solid particle absorber (2) for heating according to the requirement so as to absorb the converged solar energy, so that a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier is obtained; the high-temperature particle storage tank (3) is used for storing the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier;

in the initial stage, the pyrolysis reactor (5) is used for mixing the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier as a heat transfer and storage medium directly with the hydrocarbon solid raw material (S1) to realize heat energy transfer to drive the pyrolysis reaction; the fluidized bed gasification reactor (8) is used for directly mixing the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier with the solid products of the pyrolysis reaction to realize heat energy transfer so as to drive the gasification reaction;

in the subsequent reaction stage, the pyrolysis reactor (5) is used for mixing the intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier discharged after the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier participating in the gasification reaction releases heat with the hydrocarbon solid raw material (S1), so that heat energy transfer is realized to drive the pyrolysis reaction; the fluidized bed reactor (8) is used for mixing the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier with the solid products of the pyrolysis reaction, and heat energy transfer is realized to drive the gasification reaction.

3. The high temperature solid particulate heat carrier based solar gasification system according to claim 2, wherein the gasification subsystem (B) further comprises:

the combustion furnace (9) is used for combusting the solid products of the gasification reaction so as to remove the unreacted hydrocarbon solid raw materials and obtain a part of high-temperature heat energy;

and the cyclone separator (10) is used for separating the medium-temperature solid particle heat carrier from a product after combustion, sending part of the medium-temperature solid particle heat carrier into the pyrolysis reactor (5) for pyrolysis reaction, and sending the other part of the medium-temperature solid particle heat carrier into the solar heat collecting subsystem (A) after heat recovery so as to circularly absorb and store high-temperature solar energy.

4. The high temperature solid particulate heat carrier based solar gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the gasification subsystem (B) further comprises:

a pyrolysis gas condenser (6) for cooling and condensing gas products generated by the pyrolysis reaction by using cooling water (S2) to separate tar and non-condensable combustible gas (S6);

a tar tank (7) for storing the tar;

a particle heat regenerator (11) for recovering heat of the intermediate-temperature particle heat carrier using cooling water (S2) from the pyrolysis gas condenser (6) and producing water vapor (S3).

5. The high temperature solid particulate heat carrier based solar gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen production subsystem (C) comprises:

the primary gas heat regenerator (15) is used for recovering the waste heat of the gas after the water-gas shift reaction by using cooling water (S2);

the secondary gas regenerator (12) is used for cooling the gasified synthesis gas and recovering gas sensible heat by using cooling water (S2) regenerated by the primary gas regenerator (15), and the recovered heat is used for producing the steam (S3);

the purification device (13) is used for purifying the cooled gasified synthetic gas and removing impurities in the gasified synthetic gas;

a shift reactor (14) for performing a water gas shift reaction using the gasified syngas and the steam;

and the gas separation device (16) is used for separating the gas after the water-gas shift reaction so as to obtain the hydrogen and the combustible gas.

6. The high temperature solid particulate heat carrier based solar gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the power generation subsystem (D) comprises a gas brayton cycle power generation structure and a steam rankine cycle power generation structure:

the gas brayton cycle power generation structure includes: a compressor (17), a combustion chamber (18) and a gas turbine (19); the steam Rankine cycle power generation structure includes: the system comprises a waste heat boiler (20), a steam turbine (21), a condenser (22) and a feed water pump (23);

wherein, the gas brayton cycle process is: the air (S5) is compressed and pressurized by a compressor (17), then is sent into a combustion chamber (18), burns the non-condensable combustible gas (S6) obtained by separation by a pyrolysis gas condenser (6) and the combustible gas obtained by a gas separator (16), and drives a gas turbine (19) to generate electricity;

wherein, the steam Rankine cycle process is as follows: the high-temperature flue gas generated by burning the solid products of the gasification reaction and the high-temperature exhaust heat of the gas turbine (19) are utilized to produce water vapor so as to drive the steam turbine (21) to generate electricity;

the combustion chamber (18) can also be used for directly combusting the gasified synthesis gas discharged by the purification device (13) so as to regulate and control the power generation.

7. The high temperature solid particulate heat carrier based solar gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the solid particulate absorber (2) comprises a falling particulate receiver or a streaming particulate receiver or a rotating centrifugal particulate absorber; the solid particle heat carrier comprises quartz sand or cristobalite or bauxite or silicon carbide;

the solid particle heat carrier moves from the upper end to the lower end of the solid particle absorber (2) under the action of gravity to absorb solar energy collected by the heliostat field (1) for heating, and the solid particle absorber (2) controls the retention time of the solid particle heat carrier in the solid particle absorber (2) in modes of turbulence or rotation and the like.

8. The solar gasification system based on a high temperature solid particulate heat carrier according to claim 1, wherein the solar collector subsystem (a) further comprises:

a heat collecting tower for mounting and carrying the solid particle absorber (2), wherein the solid particle absorber (2) is mounted at the top or the bottom of the heat collecting tower;

under the condition that the solid particle absorber (2) is installed at the top of the heat collection tower, directly feeding the solid particle heat carrier to the top of the heat collection tower to absorb the solar energy concentrated by the heliostat field (1);

the solar energy collecting device is characterized in that the solid particle absorber (2) is arranged at the bottom of the heat collecting tower, the solid particle absorber (2) is of a horizontal cavity structure, a hyperboloid type secondary reflector is further arranged at the top of the heat collecting tower, and the hyperboloid type secondary reflector is used for reflecting light rays converged by the heliostat field (1) to the solid particle absorber of the horizontal cavity structure at the bottom of the heat collecting tower, so that solar energy is absorbed by a solid particle heat carrier moving horizontally in the solid particle absorber of the horizontal cavity structure.

9. The solar gasification system based on high temperature solid particulate heat carrier according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor (S3) is further fed into the fluidized bed gasification reactor (8) to be used as a gasifying agent to participate in the gasification reaction of the pyrolysis reaction solid product as a hydrogen source for the gasification reaction.

10. The solar gasification system based on high temperature solid particulate heat carrier according to claim 6, wherein the water vapor (S3) is also sent to a waste heat boiler (20) for power generation;

the waste heat boiler (20) is also used for providing water vapor meeting the requirement.

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the field of hydrogen production by solar gasification, in particular to a solar gasification system based on a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier.

Background

The energy is the basic power of the development of the economic society, the energy structure is changing deeply along with the continuous improvement of the development quality of the economy, the consumption share of renewable energy is increasing continuously, and the energy supply and consumption show diversified trends. How to realize the high-efficiency conversion and utilization of renewable energy and meet the diversified energy requirements is a great problem facing the economic society.

Hydrogen energy is a recognized clean energy carrier, has the advantages of high heat value, good combustion stability and the like, almost does not discharge pollutants in the utilization process, is known as secondary energy with the most development prospect in the 21 st century, and has become the focus of energy revolution. At present, the main ways of hydrogen production are natural gas reforming, coal gasification and the like, and a large amount of pollution gas is discharged at the same time. The exploration of new ways for preparing hydrogen by renewable energy sources and the like is significant to the sustainable development of the economic society.

Solar energy is a renewable energy source with great development prospect, and currently, solar energy utilization methods including solar photovoltaic, solar water heater, solar power generation and the like directly receive solar heat energy and convert and utilize the solar heat energy, are limited by the inherent properties of instability and discontinuity of solar energy, and have the problems of high utilization cost and low conversion efficiency. Biomass is an energy source with second consumption to coal, petroleum and natural gas, and the utilization method thereof includes direct combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, biotransformation and the like, and the direct combustion can only provide high-temperature heat energy and is limited by low energy density, so that diversified energy requirements are difficult to meet. Biomass can be processed and converted into various forms of products by pyrolysis or gasification for various fields of social life. Like biomass, other hydrocarbon fuels can be used in a diversified and clean manner through gasification, for example, coal can be converted into coal gas through reforming gasification and the like.

The biomass gasification is driven by solar energy, so that the consumption of the biomass by self-heating gasification can be reduced, the synthesis gas is prevented from being polluted by combustion products, and the high-quality synthesis gas is produced; meanwhile, by driving the gasification reaction, solar energy enters a gasification reaction system, solar heat energy is converted into chemical energy of a gasification product, conversion and storage of the solar energy are realized, and the difficulty in utilization caused by the inherent attribute of discontinuous and unstable solar energy is overcome. The solar gasification process is significant for realizing efficient and diversified application of solar energy and hydrocarbon raw materials. The water vapor is used as a gasifying agent, the main components of the gasified synthesis gas of the hydrocarbon solid raw material are hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the traditional utilization mode generates electricity through gas-steam circulation, and in addition, the gasified synthesis gas can be used for synthesizing methanol, producing biodiesel and the like.

At present, a solar gasification reactor mainly comprises a direct irradiation heating type and an indirect irradiation heating type, and raw materials and a gasifying agent are contacted in the reactor to absorb heat of concentrated solar energy to generate gasification reaction. Because the solar gasification reactor has severe working conditions and is influenced by thermal stress in a high-temperature environment and is limited by the heat and mass transfer rate, solar heat energy is difficult to transfer from the surface of a reaction system to the inside, so that the reaction kinetic conditions are severe, the gasification amount and the gasification efficiency are low, and the design of the commercial high-efficiency stable solar gasification reactor is difficult.

The conventional solar-driven gasification process of the hydrocarbon solid raw material can be only carried out under the condition of sufficient solar irradiation intensity, and is limited by the inherent discontinuous and unstable solar energy and the heat and mass transfer rate of a reaction system. In addition, the conventional heat storage medium includes molten salt and heat transfer oil, and it is difficult to use the stored heat for the gasification reaction.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

Based on this, the present disclosure provides a solar gasification system based on a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier, comprising: the solar heat collecting subsystem A is used for collecting solar energy and heating the solid particle heat carrier by using the collected heat energy so as to store the heat energy in the solid particle heat carrier; the gasification subsystem B comprises a pyrolysis reactor 5 and a fluidized bed gasification reactor 8, wherein the pyrolysis reactor 5 is used for mixing the hydrocarbon solid raw material S1 with a solid particle heat carrier and transferring heat energy to drive pyrolysis reaction to occur, and the fluidized bed gasification reactor 8 is used for mixing a solid product of the pyrolysis reaction with the solid particle heat carrier and transferring heat energy to drive gasification reaction to occur and generate gasified synthesis gas; the hydrogen production subsystem C is used for generating water vapor S3 according to the heat contained in the gasified synthesis gas and carrying out water-gas shift reaction by utilizing the gasified synthesis gas and the water vapor to prepare hydrogen; and the power generation subsystem D is used for driving gas Brayton cycle power generation by utilizing non-condensable combustible gas in gas products of the pyrolysis reaction and combustible gas obtained in the hydrogen preparation process, and driving steam Rankine cycle power generation by combusting combustible solid products discharged by the gasification reaction and utilizing high-temperature smoke heat of the gas Brayton cycle.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, among others, the solar energy collection subsystem a includes: a heliostat field 1, a solid particle absorber 2, a high-temperature particle storage tank 3 and a low-temperature particle storage tank 4; the heliostat field 1 is used for concentrating solar energy to the solid particle absorber 2; the low-temperature particle storage tank 4 is used for storing a low-temperature solid particle heat carrier, and pumping the low-temperature solid particle heat carrier to the solid particle absorber 2 for heating according to needs to absorb the converged solar energy to obtain a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier; the high-temperature particle storage tank 3 is used for storing a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier; in the initial stage, the pyrolysis reactor 5 is used for directly mixing a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier serving as a heat transfer and storage medium with the hydrocarbon solid raw material S1 to realize heat energy transfer to drive pyrolysis reaction; the fluidized bed gasification reactor 8 is used for directly mixing a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier with a solid product of pyrolysis reaction to realize heat energy transfer so as to drive gasification reaction; in the subsequent reaction stage, the pyrolysis reactor 5 is used for mixing the intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier discharged after the heat release of the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier participating in the gasification reaction with the hydrocarbon solid raw material S1, so as to realize heat energy transfer to drive the pyrolysis reaction; the fluidized bed reactor 8 is used for taking a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier as a heat transfer and storage medium to directly drive the gasification reaction of the pyrolysis reaction solid product.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the gasification subsystem B further comprises: a combustion furnace 9 for combusting the solid product of the gasification reaction to remove the unreacted hydrocarbon solid raw material and obtain a part of high-temperature heat energy; and the cyclone separator 10 is used for separating the medium-temperature solid particle heat carrier from the combustion product, sending part of the medium-temperature solid particle heat carrier to the pyrolysis reactor 5 for pyrolysis reaction, and sending the other part of the medium-temperature solid particle heat carrier to the solar heat collecting subsystem A after heat recovery so as to circularly absorb and store the high-temperature solar energy.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the gasification subsystem B further comprises: the pyrolysis gas condenser 6 is used for cooling and condensing gas products generated by pyrolysis reaction by using cooling water S2 to separate tar and non-condensable combustible gas S6; a tar storage tank 7 for storing tar; and a particle heat regenerator 11 for recovering heat of the intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier by using the cooling water S2 from the pyrolysis gas condenser 6 and producing water vapor S3.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein hydrogen production subsystem C comprises: the primary gas heat regenerator 15 is used for recovering the waste heat of the gas after the water-gas shift reaction by using cooling water S2; the secondary gas heat regenerator 12 is used for cooling the gasified synthesis gas and recovering gas sensible heat by using the cooling water S2 reheated by the primary gas heat regenerator 15, and producing steam S3 by using the recovered heat; the purification device 13 is used for purifying the cooled gasified synthesis gas and removing impurities such as solid particles, sulfur elements and the like; a shift reactor 14 for performing a water gas shift reaction using the gasified syngas and steam; and the gas separation device 16 is used for separating the gas after the water-gas shift reaction so as to obtain hydrogen and combustible gas.

According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the power generation subsystem D comprises a gas brayton cycle power generation structure and a steam rankine cycle power generation structure: the gas brayton cycle power generation structure includes: a compressor 17, a combustor 18 and a gas turbine 19; the steam Rankine cycle power generation structure includes: a waste heat boiler 20, a steam turbine 21, a condenser 22 and a feed water pump 23; wherein, the gas brayton cycle process is: the air S5 is compressed and pressurized by the compressor 17, then sent to the combustion chamber 18, burns the non-condensable combustible gas S6 obtained by the separation of the pyrolysis gas condenser 6 and the combustible gas obtained by the gas separator 16, and drives the gas turbine 19 to generate electricity; wherein, the steam Rankine cycle process is as follows: the high-temperature flue gas generated by burning the solid products of the gasification reaction and the high-temperature exhaust heat of the gas turbine 19 are utilized to produce water vapor so as to drive the steam turbine 21 to generate electricity; the combustion chamber 18 may also be used to directly combust the gasified syngas exiting the purifier unit 13 to regulate the power generation.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the solid particle absorber 2 comprises a falling particle receiver or a streaming particle receiver or a rotating centrifugal particle absorber; the solid particle heat carrier comprises quartz sand or cristobalite or bauxite or silicon carbide; the solid particle heat carrier moves from the upper end to the lower end of the solid particle absorber 2 under the action of gravity to absorb solar energy collected by the heliostat field 1 for heating, and the solid particle absorber 2 controls the residence time of the solid particle heat carrier in the solid particle absorber 2 in a turbulent flow or rotation mode and the like.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the solar heat collecting subsystem a further comprises: the heat collecting tower is used for installing and carrying the solid particle absorber 2, wherein the solid particle absorber 2 is installed at the top or the bottom of the heat collecting tower; under the condition that the solid particle absorber 2 is installed at the top of the heat collection tower, directly sending a solid particle heat carrier to the top of the heat collection tower to absorb the solar energy converged by the heliostat field 1; under the condition that the solid particle absorber 2 is installed at the bottom of the heat collection tower, the solid particle absorber 2 is a horizontal cavity structure solid particle absorber, a hyperboloid type secondary reflector is further installed at the top of the heat collection tower, and the hyperboloid type secondary reflector is used for reflecting light rays converged by the heliostat field 1 to the horizontal cavity structure solid particle absorber at the bottom of the heat collection tower, so that solar energy is absorbed by a solid particle heat carrier which horizontally moves in the horizontal cavity structure solid particle absorber.

According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, among others, the water vapor S3 is also fed into the fluidized-bed gasification reactor 8 to be used as a gasifying agent to participate in the gasification reaction of the pyrolysis reaction solid product.

According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the water vapor S3 is also sent to the waste heat boiler 20 to generate electricity; the waste heat boiler 20 is also used to provide steam to meet the demand.

The embodiment of the disclosure adopts solid particles as heat absorption and transfer media, absorbs and transfers solar energy to drive gasification reaction of the hydrocarbon solid raw material, further prepares hydrogen and generates electricity by taking gasified synthesis gas as a raw material, can overcome the problem of difficult coupling between the traditional heat storage mode and the gasification reaction, and realizes high-efficiency conversion of the solar energy and the hydrocarbon solid raw material. The method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) the carbon-hydrogen solid raw material gasification reaction driven by solar energy can realize the conversion and storage of solar energy, reduce the consumption of the raw material by the self-heating gasification reaction and avoid the pollution of synthesis gas.

(2) The solid particle heat carrier is used as an absorption material, so that the coupling of solar energy storage and chemical reaction is realized, and the problem that the gasification reaction is limited by the attributes of unstable solar energy resources and the like is overcome.

(3) Through the direct mixed heat transfer of solid particle heat carrier and hydrocarbon solid raw materials, the shortcomings of poor heat transfer and mass transfer performance and the like of the solar gasification reactor are overcome, and the gasification reaction dynamic characteristics are improved.

(4) The water vapor is used as a gasifying agent, the synthesis gas with higher hydrogen content is obtained through water-gas shift reaction, the conversion of solar energy and hydrocarbon solid raw materials to the hydrogen with high quality and high added value is realized, and a new way for producing hydrogen by using new energy is developed.

Drawings

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 schematically illustrates a solar gasification system based on a solid particle heat carrier provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 2 schematically illustrates two arrangements of solar solid particle absorbers provided by embodiments of the present disclosure.

[ reference numerals ]

1-heliostat field, 2-solid particle absorber, 3-high temperature particle storage tank, 4-low temperature particle storage tank, 5-pyrolysis reactor, 6-pyrolysis gas condenser, 7-tar storage tank, 8-fluidized bed gasification reactor, 9-combustion furnace, 10-cyclone separator, 11-particle heat regenerator, 12-secondary gas heat regenerator, 13-purification device, 14-shift reactor, 15-primary gas heat regenerator, 16-gas separation device, 17-compressor, 18-combustion chamber, 19-gas turbine, 20-waste heat boiler, 21-steam turbine, 22-condenser, 23-water feeding pump,

s1-hydrocarbon solid raw material, S2-cooling water, S3-water vapor, S4-high-temperature solid particle heat carrier, S5-air, S6-non-condensable combustible gas, S7-flue gas and S8-ash.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few, and not all, of the disclosed embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments disclosed herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

In the present disclosure, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integral; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or can communicate with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other suitable relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

In the description of the present disclosure, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "length," "circumferential," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present disclosure and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced subsystems or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

Throughout the drawings, like elements are represented by like or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted when they may obscure the understanding of the present disclosure. And the shapes, sizes and positional relationships of the components in the drawings do not reflect the actual sizes, proportions and actual positional relationships. Furthermore, in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.

Similarly, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, various features of the disclosure are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various disclosed aspects. Reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present disclosure, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specifically limited otherwise.

The main purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a solar gasification system based on a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier, which uses high-temperature solid particles as a heat carrier to realize high-efficiency and low-cost conversion storage of solar energy and rapid conversion of hydrocarbon raw materials such as biomass.

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a solar gasification system based on a solid particle heat carrier, provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.

As shown in fig. 1, the system includes a solar heat collection subsystem a, a gasification subsystem B, a hydrogen production subsystem C, and a power generation subsystem D.

The solar heat collecting subsystem A is used for collecting solar energy and heating the solid particle heat carrier by using the collected heat energy so as to store the heat energy in the solid particle heat carrier. Wherein, the solid particle heat carrier comprises quartz sand or cristobalite or alumina or silicon carbide and the like. Because the high-temperature thermal stability of the solid particle heat carrier is good, the solid particles are used as heat transfer and heat storage media.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the solar energy collection subsystem a may include, for example, a heliostat field 1, a solid particle absorber 2, a high temperature particle storage tank 3, and a low temperature particle storage tank 4. The heliostat field 1 is used to concentrate solar energy to a solid particle absorber 2. The low-temperature particle storage tank 4 is used for sending the low-temperature solid particle heat carrier to the solid particle absorber 2 to be heated according to the requirement so as to absorb the concentrated solar energy. The high-temperature particle storage tank 3 is used for storing the heated high-temperature solid particle heat carrier. Specifically, the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier heated in the solid particle absorber 2 firstly ensures the utilization requirements of thermochemical conversion and the like of the system, the rest high-temperature solid particle heat carrier is sent to the high-temperature particle storage tank 3 for storage, the temperature of the utilized high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4 is reduced, the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier is changed into a low-temperature solid particle heat carrier again, and the low-temperature solid particle heat carrier is sent to the low-temperature particle storage tank 4 for storage.

Fig. 2 schematically illustrates two arrangements of solar solid particle absorbers provided by embodiments of the present disclosure.

The solid particle absorber 2 may be a cavity type or an external type absorber, and may include a falling particle receiver, a circulating particle receiver, a rotating centrifugal particle absorber, or the like. The low-temperature solid particle heat carrier moves from the upper end to the lower end of the solid particle absorber 2 under the action of gravity to absorb solar energy collected by the heliostat field 1 for heating, and the solid particle absorber 2 controls the falling speed of the solid particle heat carrier through turbulence or rotation to prolong the retention and heating time of the solid particle heat carrier in the solid particle absorber 2.

As shown in fig. 2, the solid particle absorber 2 may employ either a top-column arrangement or a bottom-column arrangement. In particular, the solar energy collection subsystem a further comprises a heat collection tower for mounting and carrying the solid particle absorber 2, wherein the solid particle absorber 2 is mounted at the top or at the bottom of the heat collection tower. Wherein, under the condition that the solid particle absorber 2 is installed at the top of the heat collecting tower, the solid particle heat carrier is directly sent to the top of the heat collecting tower through the solid particle pump so as to absorb the solar energy concentrated by the heliostat field 1. Under the condition that the solid particle absorber 2 is installed at the bottom of the heat collection tower, the solid particle absorber 2 is of a horizontal cavity structure, a hyperboloid type secondary reflector is further installed at the top of the heat collection tower and used for changing a light path and reflecting vertically downwards, light rays converged by the heliostat field 1 are reflected to the solid particle absorber of the horizontal cavity structure at the bottom of the heat collection tower, and therefore the solid particle heat carrier moving horizontally in the solid particle absorber of the horizontal cavity structure absorbs solar energy.

The gasification subsystem B is used for realizing two main reaction stages of pyrolysis and gasification contained in the gasification of the hydrocarbon solid raw material.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the gasification subsystem B may include, for example, a pyrolysis reactor 5 and a fluidized bed gasification reactor 8, wherein the pyrolysis reactor 5 is configured to mix the hydrocarbon solid feedstock S1 with a solid particle heat carrier and transfer heat energy to drive a pyrolysis reaction. The fluidized bed gasification reactor 8 is used for mixing a solid product of pyrolysis reaction (the solid product is carbon residue) with a solid particle heat carrier to generate gasification reaction, and gasification synthesis gas is generated.

In the initial stage, the pyrolysis reactor 5 directly mixes the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4 as a heat transfer and storage medium with the hydrocarbon solid raw material S1, so as to realize heat energy transfer to drive the pyrolysis reaction. The fluidized bed gasification reactor 8 directly mixes the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4 as a heat transfer and storage medium with the solid product (residual carbon) of the pyrolysis reaction, and realizes heat energy transfer to drive the gasification reaction. In the subsequent reaction stage, the pyrolysis reactor 5 mixes the intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier obtained after the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier participating in the gasification reaction releases heat with the hydrocarbon solid raw material S1 to realize heat energy transfer to drive the pyrolysis reaction, and the fluidized bed reactor 8 is used for directly mixing the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier serving as a heat transfer and storage medium with a solid product (residual carbon) of the pyrolysis reaction to realize heat energy transfer to drive the gasification reaction. The method comprises the following specific steps:

continuing to refer to fig. 1, firstly, the hydrocarbon solid raw material S1 is fed into the pyrolysis reactor 5, and an appropriate amount of the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4 is taken out from the high-temperature particle storage tank 3 and fed into the pyrolysis reactor 5, so that the hydrocarbon solid raw material S1 and the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4 are directly mixed to transfer heat, and the pyrolysis reaction is driven by the heat stored in the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4, and a pyrolysis gas product and a solid product are obtained. The hydrocarbon solid raw material S1 may be, for example, biomass, coal, petroleum coke, or other fuels. Then, the solid product is fed into the fluidized-bed gasification reactor 8, and an appropriate amount of the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4 is taken out from the high-temperature particle storage tank 3 and fed into the fluidized-bed gasification reactor 8, and the gasification reaction is driven by the heat stored in the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4 to produce a gasified synthesis gas.

In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the gasification subsystem B may further include, for example, a burner 9, a cyclone 10, and a particulate recuperator 11.

The combustion furnace 9 is used for combusting the solid products after the gasification reaction to remove the unreacted hydrocarbon solid raw material S1 and obtain a part of high-temperature heat energy, so that the solid particle heat carrier can absorb solar energy again to transfer heat for the gasification subsystem B. The part of the high-temperature heat energy can be used for generating electricity.

The cyclone separator 10 is configured to separate a high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4 (i.e., an intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier) that has released heat from products after combustion, and send a part of the intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier to the pyrolysis reactor 5 for subsequent pyrolysis reaction, that is, except that the pyrolysis reaction needs to be driven by the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier S4 in the high-temperature particle storage tank 3 at the initial time, the subsequent pyrolysis reaction may be performed by using the part of the intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier separated by the cyclone separator 10. And the other part of the intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier is reheated by the particle heat regenerator 11 and then is sent to the solar heat collecting subsystem A to circularly store solar energy. The temperature of the solid particle heat carrier for driving the pyrolysis reaction is lower than that of the solid particle heat carrier for driving the gasification reaction, so that energy grade matching and gradient utilization are realized, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy is improved.

The particulate regenerator 11 may be of a plate-shell type, a shell-and-tube type, or a fluidized bed type. The particle heat regenerator 11 is used for recovering another part of heat of the medium-temperature solid particle heat carrier by using cooling water S2, and then sending the recovered part of heat to the solar heat collecting subsystem A to circularly store solar energy.

The gasification subsystem B based on the structure can realize two-stage gasification of the hydrocarbon solid raw material, the gasification process is divided into pyrolysis reaction at a lower temperature and gasification reaction at a higher temperature, irreversible loss of energy utilization caused by the fact that the hydrocarbon solid raw material directly enters a high-temperature gasification furnace is avoided, and the conversion rate of the hydrocarbon solid raw material is improved. And, because the temperature of the solid particle heat carrier driving the pyrolysis reaction is lower than that of the solid particle heat carrier driving the gasification reaction, the gasification reaction can utilize the high-temperature solid particle heat carrier as a heat transfer medium and a heat storage medium, the subsequent pyrolysis reaction can utilize part of the intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier separated by the cyclone separator 10 as the heat transfer medium, and the other part of the intermediate-temperature solid particle heat carrier is sent into the solar heat collection subsystem A after being reheated by the particle heat regenerator 11, so as to circularly store solar energy, further realize energy grade matching and cascade utilization, and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy. The fluidized bed gasification reactor 8 realizes good mixing of the hydrocarbon solid raw material and the solid particles, the hydrocarbon solid particles are heated to the temperature required by the gasification reaction, and meanwhile, the uniform heat transfer of the gasification reaction system and good gasification reaction kinetic conditions are ensured. In the combustion furnace 9, the solid particles are separated from unreacted raw materials and part of intermediate products through combustion, so that the solid particles can safely enter the heat collection subsystem to absorb solar heat energy, and a cycle is formed.

In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the gasification subsystem B further comprises a pyrolysis gas condenser 6 and a tar storage tank 7.

The pyrolysis gas condenser 6 is used for condensing and cooling gas products generated by the pyrolysis reaction by using cooling water S2 to separate tar and non-condensable combustible gas S6. The tar storage tank 7 is used for storing tar. Namely, the pyrolysis gas product is cooled and condensed to separate tar in the pyrolysis gas product, and the tar is stored in a tar storage tank, can be used as a chemical raw material, and can be further processed to prepare biodiesel and the like. The non-condensable combustible gas S6 is used for the gas turbine power plant to produce electrical energy.

And the hydrogen production subsystem C is used for carrying out water-gas shift reaction on the gasified synthetic gas and the steam to produce hydrogen and generating the steam according to the heat contained in the gasified synthetic gas.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, hydrogen production subsystem C may include, for example:

and the primary gas heat regenerator 15 is used for carrying out heat regeneration and temperature reduction on the gasified synthetic gas, and heating the cooling water S2 by utilizing heat generated by the heat regeneration and temperature reduction.

And the secondary gas regenerator 12 is used for recovering high-temperature sensible heat of the gasified synthesis gas by using the cooling water S2 regenerated by the primary gas regenerator 15, and continuously heating the cooling water S2 to produce water vapor S3.

Part of the produced water vapor S3 is sent to the fluidized bed gasification reactor 8 to be used as a gasification agent to participate in the gasification reaction of the pyrolysis reaction solid product to be used as a hydrogen source of the gasification reaction; another partThe steam will be used in the shift reactor 14 to carry out a water gas shift reaction using the gasified syngas and steam to convert the CO in the gasified syngas to H₂Increase H₂Content (c); the operation temperature of the shift reaction can be controlled by heat regeneration, and the CO conversion rate is ensured to be at a higher level.

And the purification device 13 is used for purifying the cooled gasified synthesis gas and removing impurities such as fly ash, solid particles, sulfur element and the like.

And the gas separation device 16 is used for separating the gas after the water-gas shift reaction so as to obtain high-purity hydrogen and combustible gas.

And the power generation subsystem D is used for driving gas Brayton cycle power generation by using the non-condensable combustible gas S6 in the gas product of the pyrolysis reaction and the combustible gas obtained in the hydrogen preparation process, and driving steam Rankine cycle power generation by burning the combustible solid product discharged by the gasification reaction and using the high-temperature exhaust heat of the gas Brayton cycle.

Specifically, the power generation subsystem D may include a gas brayton cycle power generation structure and a steam rankine cycle power generation structure. Wherein, gas brayton cycle power generation structure includes: a compressor 17, a combustion chamber 18 and a gas turbine 19. The steam Rankine cycle power generation structure includes: the waste heat boiler 20, the steam turbine 21, the condenser 22 and the feed water pump 23, and in addition, the combustion chamber 18 can also be used for directly combusting the gasified synthetic gas discharged by the purifying device 13 so as to regulate and control the power generation amount.

Wherein, the gas brayton cycle process is: the air S5 is pressurized by the compressor 17 and then sent to the combustion chamber to burn the non-condensable combustible gas S6 obtained by the pyrolysis gas condenser 6 and the combustible gas obtained by the gas separation device 16, and the gas turbine 19 is driven to generate electricity. The steam Rankine cycle process comprises the following steps: the exhaust heat boiler 20 generates steam by using the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion in the combustion furnace 9 and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the gas turbine 19 to drive the steam turbine 21 to generate electricity. The exhaust-heat boiler 20 can also generate power by using the steam generated by the secondary gas heat regenerator 12, and can also provide qualified steam for other production processes.

According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the solar gasification system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure adopts the solid particle heat carrier as the heat transfer working medium, solar heat energy is transported to the gasification reaction system, and the direct contact heat exchange between the solid particle heat carrier and the reactant improves the heat transfer and mass transfer characteristics of the solar driven hydrocarbon solid raw material gasification system, so that the good dynamic performance of the gasification reaction is ensured. The gasification subsystem realizes two-stage gasification of the hydrocarbon solid raw material, divides the gasification process into pyrolysis reaction at a lower temperature and gasification reaction at a higher temperature, avoids irreversible loss of energy utilization caused by the fact that the hydrocarbon solid raw material directly enters the high-temperature gasification furnace, and improves the conversion rate of the hydrocarbon solid raw material. The system provides heat required by gasification reaction by using solar energy, reduces the consumption of raw materials by self-heating gasification reaction, avoids the pollution of the synthesis gas by combustion products, and improves the quality of the gasified synthesis gas. In addition, the system can convert solar energy into chemical energy of gasification reaction products in a gasification reaction stage, so that the energy grade of the solar energy is improved, the efficient conversion and storage of the solar energy are realized, and the application technical field of the system is widened.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.