阅读说明：本技术 无雷管感度现场混装炸药有毒气体测试方法 (Method for testing toxic gas of detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive ) 是由 孙晨 陈金华 何振 赵晓莉 岳彩新 夏光 于魏清 王傲 高玉刚 李勇 周晓红 于 2021-06-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了无雷管感度现场混装炸药有毒气体测试方法,方法步骤如下：S1：现场混装炸药的起爆：将现场混装炸药放入爆炸箱内并通过起爆药进行起爆,并开启循环风机使爆炸箱内的气体循环4-6min,打开箱体外壁管路阀门,待压力稳定后爆炸前后压差值、爆破后爆炸箱内部温湿度、测试时环境的大气压值；S2：取样；S3：一氧化碳和氮氧化合物含量的测定；S4：有毒气体总量的计算。本发明改变传统的50L爆炸弹筒真空引爆的方法,针对无雷管感度现场混装炸药有毒气体进行测试,采用15m～(3)大型爆炸测试装置,常压条件下引爆,更贴近于实际爆破作业现场爆破的条件,且本发明主要针对大药量现场混装炸药,最大试验药量达460gTNT当量。(The invention discloses a method for testing toxic gas of detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive, which comprises the following steps: s1: initiation of mixed explosive on site: putting the on-site mixed explosive into an explosion box, detonating by the aid of the initiating explosive, starting a circulating fan to circulate gas in the explosion box for 4-6min, opening a pipeline valve on the outer wall of the box body, and after the pressure is stabilized, setting a pressure difference value before and after explosion, temperature and humidity in the explosion box after explosion and an atmospheric pressure value of an environment during testing; s2: sampling; s3: measuring the content of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide; s4: and (4) calculating the total amount of toxic gas. The invention changes the traditional method for vacuum detonation of a 50L explosive cartridge, tests toxic gas of mixed explosive on site without detonator sensitivity, and adopts 15m 3 The large-scale explosion testing device detonates under the normal pressure condition, is closer to the condition of actual blasting operation field blasting, and the invention mainly aims at large-dosage field mixed explosive, and the maximum test dosage reaches 460gTNT equivalent.)

1. The method for testing the sensitivity of the detonator-free on-site mixed explosive toxic gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: initiation of mixed explosive on site

Placing the modified on-site mixed explosive containing the initiating explosive into an explosion box for initiation, starting a circulating fan to circulate gas in the explosion box, opening a pipeline valve on the outer wall of the box body, and after the pressure is stable, carrying out explosion on the difference value of the internal pressure of the box before and after explosion, the temperature and humidity in the explosion box after explosion and the atmospheric pressure value of the environment during testing;

s2: sampling;

s3: measuring the content of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide;

s4: repeating the method of S1-S3, and measuring the parameters of the blasting primary explosive;

s5: and (4) calculating the total amount of toxic gas.

2. The method for testing the toxic gas of the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of the toxic gas generated after each kilogram of the primary explosive is exploded is calculated according to the following formula:

wherein: v' -the total amount of toxic gas generated after each kilogram of initiating explosive explodes, L/kg; v₀-the total volume of gas in the explosion chamber after explosion of the primary explosive, L, under standard conditions;-volume fraction of carbon monoxide after detonation of the initiating explosive,%;-volume fraction of nitrogen oxides after detonation of the initiating charge,%; m is₁-determining the mass of the blasting agent used, g.

3. The method for testing the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive toxic gas according to claim 2, wherein under a standard condition, the total volume V of the gas in the explosion box after the explosion of the primary explosive₀Calculated as follows:

wherein: v_{Explosion box}-the actual effective volume of the explosion chamber, L; p₃-pressure value, kPa, as measured by a U-shaped water column differential pressure gauge; p₂-the steam partial pressure difference, kPa, corresponding to the temperature and humidity of the water in the explosion chamber before and after explosion; p₁-atmospheric pressure, kPa; when the system is stable after t-explosion, the temperature in the explosion box is room temperature and DEG C.

4. The method for testing the toxic gas of the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive according to claim 3, wherein the total amount of the toxic gas generated after each kilogram of the field mixed explosive is exploded is calculated according to the following formula:

wherein: v, each kilogram of total amount of toxic gas generated after the mixed explosive is exploded on site, wherein L/kg of toxic gas is generated;-the volume fraction,%, of carbon monoxide in the post-detonation gas sample of the on-site mixed explosive containing the initiating explosive;-the volume fraction of nitrogen oxides in the on-site mixed explosive post-explosion gas sample containing the initiating explosive,%; m is₂-the mass of initiating charge, g, for the mixed loading of explosives on the initiation site; m' -test the on-site mixed explosive mass, g.

5. The method for testing toxic gas of detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive according to claim 3 or 4, wherein P is P₂The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

P₂＝θ₁P_t1-θ₂P_t2；

wherein: theta₁-the relative humidity of the gas in the tank before explosion; theta₂-the relative humidity of the gas in the tank after detonation; p_t1-the corresponding saturated water vapour pressure at the temperature t1 before explosion; p_t2-the corresponding saturated water vapour pressure at the temperature t2 after detonation;

preferably, the device that temperature and humidity survey used after the explosion includes the measuring vessel, the measuring vessel is pegged graft and is had the temperature and humidity sensor rather than the inner chamber intercommunication for measure gaseous humiture, measuring vessel both ends are respectively communicated with intake pipe and blast pipe, the intake pipe is kept away from the one end of measuring vessel still is connected with the joint, the pipeline intercommunication of joint and explosion case.

6. The method for testing the toxic gas of the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive according to claim 1, wherein the carbon monoxide content is measured by an infrared gas analysis method.

7. The method for testing the toxic gas of the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive according to claim 1, wherein the content of the nitrogen oxide is measured by a spectrophotometer method.

8. The method for testing the toxic gas of the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive according to claim 1, wherein the field mixed explosive is a field mixed emulsion explosive or a porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.

9. The method for testing the toxic gas of the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive according to claim 1, wherein the modified field mixed explosive is prepared by the following steps: weighing on-site mixed explosive, refitting the mixed explosive into a cylindrical explosive sample by kraft paper, then weighing industrial packaged emulsion explosive as an initiating explosive, placing the initiating explosive at the upper end of the on-site mixed explosive, and then inserting a detonator into the initiating explosive for initiating, thus finishing the refitting of the on-site mixed explosive.

10. The method for testing the toxic gas of the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive according to claim 9, wherein the explosive amount of the primary explosive is 50-100g, the explosive amount of the field mixed explosive is 300-500g, and the explosive diameter of the field mixed explosive is 70-90 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of toxic gas tests, in particular to a method for testing toxic gas of detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive.

Background

At present, no effective test method exists for testing the toxic gas content of the field mixed explosive without detonator sensitivity in China, and along with the gradual formation of the product pattern taking the field mixed explosive as a main part, the establishment of a feasible field mixed explosive toxic gas test method has important practical significance for guiding the adjustment of the formula of the field mixed explosive product, controlling the toxic gas content of the field mixed explosive product and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for testing toxic gas of detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive, changes the traditional method for vacuum detonation of a 50L detonation cartridge, and adopts 15m³The large-scale explosion testing device detonates under the normal pressure condition, is closer to the condition of actual blasting operation field blasting, and the invention mainly aims at large-dosage field mixed explosive, and the maximum test dosage reaches 460gTNT equivalent.

The invention provides a method for testing toxic gas of detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive, which comprises the following steps:

s1: initiation of mixed explosive on site

Placing the modified on-site mixed explosive containing the initiating explosive into an explosion box for initiation, starting a circulating fan to circulate gas in the explosion box, opening a pipeline valve on the outer wall of the box body, and after the pressure is stabilized, setting a pressure difference value before and after explosion, temperature and humidity in the explosion box after explosion and an atmospheric pressure value of the environment during testing;

s2: sampling;

s3: measuring the content of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide;

s4: repeating the method of S1-S3, and measuring the parameters of the blasting primary explosive;

s5: calculation of total toxic gas

The total amount of toxic gases generated after each kilogram of initiating explosive explodes is calculated according to the following formula:

in the formula: v' -the total amount of toxic gas generated after each kilogram of initiating explosive explodes, L/kg; v₀-the total volume of gas in the explosion chamber after explosion of the primary explosive, L, under standard conditions;-volume fraction of carbon monoxide after detonation of the initiating explosive,%;-volume fraction of nitrogen oxides after detonation of the initiating charge,%; m is₁-determining the mass of the blasting agent used, g;

wherein:

in the formula: v_{Explosion box}-the actual effective volume of the explosion chamber, L; p₃-pressure value, kPa, as measured by a U-shaped water column differential pressure gauge; p₂-the steam partial pressure difference, kPa, corresponding to the temperature and humidity of the water in the explosion chamber before and after explosion; p₁-atmospheric pressure, kPa, at the time of measurement; t-when the system is stable after explosion, the temperature in the explosion box is room temperature and DEG C;

the total amount of toxic gas generated after each kilogram of on-site mixed explosive is exploded is calculated according to the following formula:

wherein: v, each kilogram of total amount of toxic gas generated after the mixed explosive is exploded on site, wherein L/kg of toxic gas is generated;-the volume fraction,%, of carbon monoxide in the post-detonation gas sample of the on-site mixed explosive containing the initiating explosive;-the volume fraction of nitrogen oxides in the on-site mixed explosive post-explosion gas sample containing the initiating explosive,%; m is₂-the mass of initiating charge, g, for the mixed loading of explosives on the initiation site; m' -test the on-site mixed explosive mass, g.

Preferably, said P₂The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

P₂＝θ₁P_t1-θ₂P_t2；

wherein: theta₁-the relative humidity of the gas in the tank before explosion; theta₂-the relative humidity of the gas in the tank after detonation; p_t1-the corresponding saturated water vapour pressure at the temperature t1 before explosion; p_t2The corresponding saturated water vapor pressure at the temperature t2 after explosion.

Preferably, the device that temperature and humidity survey used after the explosion includes the measuring vessel, the measuring vessel is pegged graft and is had the temperature and humidity sensor rather than the inner chamber intercommunication for measure gaseous humiture, measuring vessel both ends are respectively communicated with intake pipe and blast pipe, the intake pipe is kept away from the one end of measuring vessel still is connected with the joint, the pipeline intercommunication of joint and explosion case.

Preferably, the carbon monoxide content is determined by infrared gas analysis.

Preferably, the determination of the nitrogen oxide content is performed by a spectrophotometer method.

Preferably, the field mixed explosive is a field mixed emulsion explosive or a porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.

Preferably, the modified preparation method of the on-site mixed explosive comprises the following steps: weighing on-site mixed explosive, refitting the mixed explosive into a cylindrical explosive sample by kraft paper, then weighing industrial packaged emulsion explosive as an initiating explosive, placing the initiating explosive at the upper end of the on-site mixed explosive, and then inserting a detonator into the initiating explosive for initiating, thus finishing the refitting of the on-site mixed explosive.

Preferably, the explosive amount of the initiating explosive is 50-100g, the explosive amount of the field mixed explosive is 300-500g, and the diameter of the field mixed explosive is 70-90 mm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects

(1) The method for testing the large experimental explosive quantity of the on-site mixed explosive under normal pressure enables the testing effect to be more suitable for real blasting operation conditions, and the testing result can better reflect the content of toxic gas in a real operation environment.

(2) By adopting the method, the test of the content of the toxic gas of the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive can be smoothly realized under the condition of meeting the explosion resistance strength of the device and the maximum test explosive amount. On the premise of meeting the requirements of the method, when proper explosive loading conditions are selected, namely the explosive loading amount of the mixed explosive is 500g, the explosive initiating amount is 100g and the explosive loading diameter is 80mm, the explosive testing effect is optimal and the stability is better.

(3) The temperature and humidity measuring device designed in the method can record the system temperature and humidity after explosion reaction more truly and accurately, so that a convenient and reliable temperature and humidity measuring mode is provided for the whole explosion test in the test method, and the explosion test cannot directly enter the box body after explosion, and the temperature and humidity interference of the external environment is eliminated in the test process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a modified mixed-in-place explosive design according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the temperature and humidity detection device according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1-steel blast hole, 2-quartz sand, 3-primary explosive, 4-detonator, 5-field mixed explosive, 6-kraft paper, 7-joint, 8-air inlet pipe, 9-temperature and humidity sensor, 10-measuring container and 11-exhaust pipe.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.

Examples

The method for testing the toxic gas of the detonator-free sensitivity field mixed explosive comprises the following steps:

s1: preparation before detonation

1) The connection positions of the instrument power supply and the circulating system circuit control box are in a normal state, and the detonation connecting cable is in a short-circuit state;

2) the interior of the explosion box is free from combustible substances or other foreign matters, the emergency exit is free from blockage, the interior of the explosion box is kept clean, and a cable penetrating through the wall of the explosion box is connected with a safety switch in a good and reliable manner.

S2: modification of on-site mixed explosive test sample

Weighing a certain mass of field mixed explosive, refitting the field mixed explosive into an explosive sample with a certain diameter by using kraft paper, accurately weighing a certain mass of industrial roll-packaged emulsion explosive as an initiating explosive, placing the initiating explosive on the field mixed explosive sample, and preparing a test paper. Inserting the detonator into the initiating explosive, then loading the detonator into an inner hole of a steel gun, finally weighing a certain mass of quartz sand to naturally cover the periphery and the upper part of the explosive cartridge, and respectively connecting the leg wire of the detonator with the two binding posts;

the content of the added quartz sand is proper when the tail parts of the explosive cartridge and the detonator are just covered, and the test ensures that the content of toxic gas generated by explosion is lowest when other conditions are the same, which indicates that the on-site mixed explosive under the conditions is completely exploded; the initiating explosive adopts the original explosive roll, can be divided into equal parts according to the condition and bundled into a shape like Lu and filled on the mixed explosive to form the tested explosive roll, and the initiating explosive can not be modified and then initiated without damaging the state of the original initiating explosive roll. The contact surface of the primary explosive and the on-site mixed explosive is compact and reliable.

S3: the operating personnel are evacuated outside the explosion box, and the temperature and humidity in the box before explosion are measured by a digital hygrothermograph (KDTH-1 type, the temperature of measurement precision is +/-0.5 ℃ (-10 ℃ -50 ℃), the humidity is +/-3% RH (0-95)% RH), and the temperature and humidity are taken as the standard when the temperature and humidity reach stable readings. Closing the explosion door of the box body, opening the power supply of the control box, closing the main power supply of the equipment after confirming that the explosion door, the valve and the fan are all closed, and preparing for detonation;

s4: initiating explosive, turning on a power supply of a control box, turning on a circulating fan for circulating for 5 minutes, opening a pipeline valve on the outer wall of the box body, and reading a differential pressure value of the U-shaped water pressure difference meter after the pressure is stable. And then measuring the temperature and humidity inside the box body by using a designed temperature and humidity testing device. The atmospheric pressure meter reads the atmospheric pressure at the moment;

s5: collecting a gas sample by using a bladder (the volume is 1L) for measuring the content of carbon monoxide, and flushing the sample for three times before collection; and collecting a gas sample by using a sampling bottle to determine the content of the nitrogen oxide.

Wherein: the carbon monoxide content was measured by infrared gas analysis using GXH-3011A1 portable infrared CO analyzer (measurement range 0-1.000%, resolution: 0.001%). The content of nitrogen oxides is measured by a spectrophotometer method. The carbon monoxide and the nitrogen oxide can be measured by the existing technology.

And (3) judging the sealing performance of the device after explosion: after explosion, the sealing is circularly and statically placed for 15 minutes, and the indication number of the U-shaped water column differential pressure meter on the side wall of the box body is basically kept stable and unchanged, if the indication number is always reduced and cannot be stably read, the sealing is judged to be not up to the standard. The test is required to be carried out again when the test is invalid. The initiating explosive is tested to be an industrial packaged explosive with good initiating capability, excellent and stable performance and detonator sensitivity.

Respectively calculating the total amount of toxic gas generated after the blasting of the on-site mixed explosive and the toxic gas generated after the blasting of the primary explosive:

(1) the total amount of toxic gases (converted to carbon monoxide under standard conditions) produced per kg of initiating explosive after explosion is calculated as follows:

in the formula: v' -the total amount of toxic gas generated after each kilogram of initiating explosive explodes, L/kg; v₀-the total volume of gas in the explosion chamber after explosion of the primary explosive, L, under standard conditions;-volume fraction of carbon monoxide after detonation of the initiating explosive,%;-volume fraction of nitrogen oxides after detonation of the initiating charge,%; m is₁-determining the mass of the blasting agent used, g;

wherein:

in the formula: v_{Explosion box}The actual effective volume of the explosion chamber (containing the pipe section), L; p₃-pressure value, kPa, as measured by a U-shaped water column differential pressure gauge; p₂-the steam partial pressure difference, kPa, corresponding to the temperature and humidity of the water in the explosion chamber before and after explosion; p₁-atmospheric pressure, kPa; the temperature in the explosion box is room temperature and DEG C during t-measurement.

(2) The calculation formula of the total amount of toxic gas after each kilogram of on-site mixed explosive is exploded is as follows:

wherein: v, each kilogram of total amount of toxic gas generated after the mixed explosive is exploded on site, wherein L/kg of toxic gas is generated;-the volume fraction,%, of carbon monoxide in the post-detonation gas sample of the on-site mixed explosive containing the initiating explosive;-the volume fraction of nitrogen oxides in the on-site mixed explosive post-explosion gas sample containing the initiating explosive,%; m is₂-the mass of initiating charge, g, for the mixed loading of explosives on the initiation site; m' -test the on-site mixed explosive mass, g.

In addition, because the experimental environment of this application is non-vacuum and the volume is great, in order to further improve the degree of accuracy of toxic gas test, to P₂The specific calculation formula of the calculation is further defined as follows:

P₂＝θ₁P_t1-θ₂P_t2；

wherein: theta₁-the relative humidity of the gas in the tank before explosion; theta₂-the relative humidity of the gas in the tank after detonation; p_t1-the corresponding saturated water vapour pressure at the temperature t1 before explosion; p_t2The corresponding saturated water vapor pressure at the temperature t2 after explosion.

The device that temperature and humidity survey used after explosion is including measuring the container, it has the temperature and humidity sensor rather than the inner chamber intercommunication to measure the container grafting for measure gaseous humiture, it has intake pipe and blast pipe to measure container both ends intercommunication respectively, the intake pipe is kept away from the one end of measuring the container still is connected with the joint, the pipeline intercommunication of joint and explosion case. Specifically, the joint is stainless steel reducing joint, and it passes through threaded connection with explosion box outside blast pipe, and the measurement container has a 6mm of a diameter joint's stainless steel at both ends to separate the cover, separates the cover and is equipped with the humiture sensor who wears the digital display outward, and during the device test, gas passes through pressure automatic entering measurement container in the box, separates the cover and can play the effect of gathering gas, gets rid of external environment humiture interference.

For the value 6.5 in the formula, the toxicity coefficient is the conversion of nitrogen oxides to carbon monoxide.

The method comprises the following steps of taking on-site mixed porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive as a mixed explosive sample to be detected, taking coal mine allowable emulsion explosive as an initiating explosive, and initiating through a coal mine allowable delay electric detonator, wherein the specific data are as follows:

(1) testing of toxic gas content of primary explosive

The quality of the primary explosive is as follows: 599.7g, the actual atmospheric pressure value during the test is: 100.9 kPa; temperature and humidity of explosion box before explosion: humidity of 88% and temperature t1 of 16.1 ℃, temperature and humidity of explosion box after explosion: the humidity is 92 percent, and the temperature t2 is 17.5 ℃; the water in the box body after the explosion of the explosive corresponds to the steam partial pressure difference under the temperature and humidity before and after the explosion: 0.3 kPa; the pressure value tested by the U-shaped differential pressure gauge after explosion is as follows: 1.63 kPa. The test results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 test results of toxic gas content of primary explosive

Index (I)	Results
		Pressure P of U-shaped differential pressure gauge3(kPa)	1.63
Partial pressure difference P of water vapor before and after explosion2(kPa)	0.30
		Atmospheric pressure P during the test1(kPa)	100.90
CO concentration (%)	0.042
		NOXConcentration (%)	0.00084
Total volume of explosion rear box (L)	14866.5
		Each kilogram of the total amount of toxic gas (L/kg) after the primary explosive explodes	11.8

(2) On-site mixed explosive toxic gas content test

In order to verify the feasibility of testing large-dose field mixed explosive by the method, 3 groups of experiments are designed for verification.

Quality of porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive: 500g, the charging diameter is 80 mm; the feasibility of the investigation test is determined when the initiation explosive quantities are respectively 50g, 60g, 70g, 80g, 90g and 100g, and the test results are as follows:

secondly, the diameter of the explosive is 80mm, the explosive amount is 100g, and the explosive amounts of the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive are changed to 300g, 400g and 500g for test, so that the test results are as follows:

③ the loading of the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive: 500g, initiating explosive amount: 100 g. When the diameters of the charges are changed to be 70mm, 80mm and 90mm, the toxic gas test results are as follows:

three groups are tested in a JC-BN-500G explosion box testing device by adopting the method specified by the patent, the explosives in the test result can be completely detonated, and the content of toxic gas can be smoothly measured, which shows that the method is feasible for testing the toxic gas of the mixed explosive on site.

The test effect is optimal when the explosive loading amount of the mixed explosive is 500g, the initiating explosive amount is 100g and the explosive loading diameter is 80mm in the specified method, at the moment, the toxic gas generated by explosion is the least, and the detonation effect is more stable. And (3) testing result stability verification, wherein the charging conditions are selected, and 4 times of test tests are carried out, and the results are as follows:

according to the test result, the toxic gas content is lowest, the detonation counting effect is better, and the test stability is better under the condition.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.