阅读说明：本技术 一种森林截持降雨量及地表蒸发量检测设备 (Forest interception rainfall and surface evaporation capacity detection equipment ) 是由 王云霓 曹恭祥 张文军 王晓江 梁海荣 弥宏卓 滑永春 张永鑫 桑昊 刘浩 于 2021-07-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种森林截持降雨量及地表蒸发量检测设备,包括支架,其中,所述支架中心可转动地架设有立柱,所述立柱外围沿其长度方向可紧定地套设有多个偏角调整组件,所述偏角调整组件中以立柱为中心对称地设有两条集水槽,所述集水槽与立柱的轴向垂直；所述集水槽为开口面向上的槽体,其一端与偏角调整组件贯通连接；所述支架下方设有多个竖直布置的液压支撑杆,所述液压支撑杆的缸体固定在支架中,所述液压支撑杆的活塞杆末端通过栓接板与地面栓接,所述支架下还设有蒸发检测组件。与现有技术相比,本发明能够收集不同偏角的雨滴进行森林截持降雨量检测,并对森林地表蒸发量一体式检测,从而对森林水文生态环境精确持续检测研究。(The invention discloses a device for detecting rainfall and surface evaporation for forest interception, which comprises a support, wherein an upright post is rotatably erected in the center of the support, a plurality of drift angle adjusting assemblies are tightly sleeved on the periphery of the upright post along the length direction of the upright post, two water collecting grooves are symmetrically arranged in the drift angle adjusting assemblies by taking the upright post as a center, and the water collecting grooves are vertical to the axial direction of the upright post; the water collecting tank is a tank body with an upward opening, and one end of the water collecting tank is communicated with the deflection angle adjusting assembly; the evaporation detection device is characterized in that a plurality of vertically arranged hydraulic support rods are arranged below the support, a cylinder body of each hydraulic support rod is fixed in the support, the tail ends of piston rods of the hydraulic support rods are bolted to the ground through bolting plates, and evaporation detection assemblies are further arranged below the support. Compared with the prior art, the method can collect raindrops with different deflection angles to detect the forest interception rainfall and integrally detect the evaporation capacity of the forest surface, so that the accurate and continuous detection research on the forest hydrological ecological environment is realized.)

1. A device for detecting rainfall and ground surface evaporation for forest interception comprises a support (1) and is characterized in that an upright post (2) is rotatably erected in the center of the support (1), a plurality of deflection angle adjusting assemblies (4) are tightly sleeved on the periphery of the upright post (2) along the length direction of the upright post, two water collecting grooves (3) are symmetrically arranged in the deflection angle adjusting assemblies (4) by taking the upright post (2) as the center, and the water collecting grooves (3) are perpendicular to the axial direction of the upright post (2);

the water collecting tank (3) is a tank body with an upward opening, one end of the water collecting tank is communicated with the deflection angle adjusting assembly (4), and the other end of the water collecting tank is blocked by an end face;

the evaporation detection device is characterized in that a plurality of vertically arranged hydraulic support rods (12) are arranged below the support (1), a cylinder body of each hydraulic support rod (12) is fixed in the support (1), the tail ends of piston rods of the hydraulic support rods (12) are bolted to the ground through bolting plates, and evaporation detection assemblies (7) are further arranged below the support (1).

2. The forest cutting rainfall and surface evaporation detection device according to claim 1, wherein a rotating disc (8) is fixed at the bottom of the upright column (2), the rotating disc (8) is rotatably connected with the support (1), the rotating disc (8) is connected into a synchronizing wheel (9) on one side of the support (1) through a synchronizing belt (11), the synchronizing wheel (9) is connected into an output shaft of a motor (10), and a body of the motor (10) is fixedly connected with the support (1).

3. The forest intercepting rainfall and ground surface evaporation detection equipment according to claim 1, wherein the deflection angle adjusting assembly (4) comprises a connecting pipe sleeve (41), the connecting pipe sleeve (41) can be loosely sleeved on the periphery of the upright post (2) through a set screw, the connecting pipe sleeve (41) is a hollow cavity, two ends of the connecting pipe sleeve perpendicular to the axial direction of the upright post (2) are respectively provided with an opening, a rotating pipe (42) is rotatably and penetratively arranged in the opening, and the other end of the rotating pipe (42) is fixedly and penetratively connected with the open end of the water collecting tank (3);

and the water in the two rotating pipes (42) can flow out of a water outlet (49) on one side of the connecting pipe sleeve (41) together through a cavity in the connecting pipe sleeve (41), each water outlet (49) on the connecting pipe sleeve (41) is respectively connected into different measuring pipes (6) fixed at the bottom of the support (1) through hoses, and a liquid level sensing device is arranged in each measuring pipe (6).

4. A forest interception rainfall and surface evaporation detection device according to claim 3, wherein a rotary ring (43) is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the rotary pipe (42), the rotary ring (43) has a connecting handle (44) extending out in the radial direction, and the connecting handles (44) in the same connecting pipe sleeve (41) face the same direction;

connecting rods (45) are hinged in the connecting handle (44), the other ends of the two connecting rods (45) in the same connecting pipe sleeve (41) are hinged to the side face of the lifting sleeve (46) together, and the lifting sleeve (46) is slidably sleeved on the periphery of the upright post (2).

5. The forest cutting rainfall and surface evaporation detection device according to claim 4, wherein in a plurality of deflection angle adjusting assemblies (4) distributed on the upright column (2), different lifting sleeves (46) are connected through adjusting pull rods (5), and the length of each adjusting pull rod (5) can be adjusted in a telescopic mode and is fixed tightly;

be located one declination adjustment subassembly (4) of below, its lift sleeve (46) below rotationally the cover is equipped with dials ring (47), dial ring (47) and be connected with support (1) through servo telescopic link (48), the cylinder body and the support (1) fixed connection of servo telescopic link (48), the piston rod end and the dial ring (47) fixed connection of servo telescopic link (48).

6. A forest cutting rainfall and surface evaporation detection device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a sliding groove extending in the radial direction of the rotating ring (43) is formed in the connecting handle (44), a slidable and lockable sliding pin is arranged in the sliding groove, and the connecting rod (45) is hinged to the sliding pin.

7. The forest-cutting rainfall and surface evaporation detection device according to claim 1, wherein a wind direction and wind force detection device (13) is arranged in the upright column (2), and the wind direction and wind force detection device (13) can detect the wind direction and wind force of the environment and perform feedback adjustment on the drift angle and the direction of the water collecting tank (3) in the drift angle adjustment assembly (4).

8. The forest-cutting rainfall and ground surface evaporation detection device according to claim 1, wherein the evaporation detection assembly (7) comprises a connecting frame (71), the upper portion of the connecting frame (71) is fixed at the bottom of the support (1), a blocking cover (72) is fixed below the connecting frame, the blocking cover (72) is a cover body with a lower opening, a moisture absorption plate (74) is arranged at the top in the blocking cover (72), and the moisture absorption plate (74) is connected with the top of the blocking cover (72) through a gravity sensor (77).

9. The forest-cutting rainfall and ground surface evaporation detection equipment according to claim 8, wherein a ventilation channel is formed in the top of the blocking cover (72), a ventilation plate (73) is arranged on a hole of the blocking cover, and the ventilation plate (73) is connected with the top of the blocking cover (72) through a lifting device (76).

10. The forest-cutting rainfall and surface evaporation amount detection device according to claim 8, wherein a heating pipe (75) is arranged in the moisture absorption plate (74), and the moisture in the moisture absorption plate (74) can be heated to evaporate through the heating pipe (75), so that the moisture can be restored to the initial state.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of forest hydrological environment detection equipment, in particular to forest interception rainfall and surface evaporation capacity detection equipment.

Background

At present, in the research and analysis of forest ecological environment and the research and analysis of forest resources, precipitation and evaporation capacity are one of important detection indexes of a forest hydrological system, and the method has important significance on the works such as forest maintenance, forest resource development and utilization, water and soil conservation and the like.

At present in carrying out forest environment precipitation and evaporation capacity and detecting the operation, the mutually independent equipment that all adopted is detected with the evaporation capacity to the precipitation that uses goes on, although can satisfy the needs that use, equipment structure is complicated, the commonality is poor, and need two kinds of above equipment synchronous operation, energy supply to equipment, detect the data precision and all caused great influence, simultaneously in carrying out precipitation detection and evaporation capacity detection, the crown shelters from seriously with sunshine to the cooling, consequently, lead to there is great difference to crown department precipitation and evaporation capacity and the actual precipitation of earth's surface and evaporation capacity, thereby the precision of actual detection operation has been influenced.

In the prior art, the rainfall of the tree crown, the tree crown and the ground surface is collected respectively, the detection of the forest interception rainfall is carried out in a mode of detection and comparison, however, in a strong wind environment, due to raindrop deflection, the collected rainfall and the actual rainfall have larger errors, in a dense forest due to the shielding of the tree crown, due to the shielding of the tree, the wind speeds of the tree crown, the tree crown and the ground surface are different, and the error of the collected rainfall is further increased.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device for detecting the amount of rainfall and the amount of evaporation from the ground surface in forest to solve the above problems in the background art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a device for detecting rainfall and surface evaporation for forest interception comprises a support, wherein an upright post is rotatably erected in the center of the support, a plurality of drift angle adjusting assemblies are tightly sleeved on the periphery of the upright post along the length direction of the upright post, two water collecting grooves are symmetrically arranged in the drift angle adjusting assemblies by taking the upright post as the center, and the water collecting grooves are vertical to the axial direction of the upright post;

the water collecting tank is a tank body with an upward opening, one end of the water collecting tank is communicated with the deflection angle adjusting assembly, and the other end of the water collecting tank is blocked by an end face;

the evaporation detection device is characterized in that a plurality of vertically arranged hydraulic support rods are arranged below the support, a cylinder body of each hydraulic support rod is fixed in the support, the tail ends of piston rods of the hydraulic support rods are bolted to the ground through bolting plates, and evaporation detection assemblies are further arranged below the support.

Further, as the preferred, the bottom of the upright post is fixed with a turntable, the turntable is rotatably connected with the support, the turntable is connected to a synchronizing wheel on one side of the support through a synchronous belt, the synchronizing wheel is connected to an output shaft of the motor, and a machine body of the motor is fixedly connected with the support.

Further, preferably, the declination adjustment assembly comprises a connecting pipe sleeve, the connecting pipe sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the upright post in an elastic and tight manner through a set screw, the connecting pipe sleeve is a hollow cavity, two ends of the connecting pipe sleeve, which are perpendicular to the axial direction of the upright post, are respectively provided with an opening hole, a rotating pipe is rotatably and penetratively arranged in the opening hole, and the other end of the rotating pipe is fixedly and penetratively connected with the opening end of the water collecting tank;

and the water in the two rotating pipes can flow out of the water outlet on one side of the connecting pipe sleeve through the cavity in the connecting pipe sleeve, each water outlet on the connecting pipe sleeve is respectively connected to different measuring pipes fixed at the bottom of the support through a hose, and a liquid level sensing device is arranged in each measuring pipe.

Furthermore, preferably, a rotary ring is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the rotary pipe, the rotary ring is provided with a connecting handle extending out in the radial direction, and the connecting handle in the same connecting pipe sleeve faces in the same direction;

the connecting handles are hinged with connecting rods, the other ends of the two connecting rods in the same connecting pipe sleeve are hinged to the side face of the lifting sleeve, and the lifting sleeve is slidably sleeved on the periphery of the upright post.

Further, preferably, in a plurality of deflection angle adjusting assemblies distributed on the upright column, different lifting sleeves of the deflection angle adjusting assemblies are connected through adjusting pull rods, and the adjusting pull rods can stretch and adjust the length of the adjusting pull rods and are fastened;

the utility model discloses a servo telescopic rod, including servo telescopic rod, servo telescopic rod's cylinder body, the most lower declination adjustment subassembly of being located, its lifting sleeve below rotationally the cover is equipped with dials the ring, dial the ring and pass through servo telescopic rod and leg joint, servo telescopic rod's cylinder body and support fixed connection, servo telescopic rod's piston rod end and dial ring fixed connection.

Furthermore, preferably, a sliding groove extending along the radial direction of the rotating ring is formed in the connecting handle, a sliding pin capable of sliding and being fastened is arranged in the sliding groove, and the connecting rod is hinged to the sliding pin.

Further, preferably, a wind direction and wind force detection device is arranged in the upright post, and the wind direction and wind force detection device can detect the wind direction and wind force of the environment and perform feedback adjustment on the drift angle and the direction of the water collection tank in the drift angle adjustment assembly.

Further, as preferred, the evaporation detection subassembly includes the link, the link top is fixed in the support bottom, and its below is fixed with the fender lid, the fender lid is open-ended lid down, the top in the fender lid is equipped with the moisture absorption board, the moisture absorption board passes through gravity sensor and is connected with fender lid top.

Furthermore, as preferred, the top of the blocking cover is provided with a ventilation channel, a ventilation plate is arranged on the hole of the blocking cover, and the ventilation plate is connected with the top of the blocking cover through a lifting device.

Further, preferably, a heating pipe is provided in the moisture absorption plate, and the moisture in the moisture absorption plate can be evaporated by heating the moisture absorption plate through the heating pipe, thereby returning to the initial state.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the servo telescopic rod is driven to stretch and retract, the lifting sleeve can be pulled to slide by the shifting ring, the distance between the lifting sleeve and the connecting pipe sleeve is changed, and the connecting rod can push and pull the connecting handle, so that the rotating ring drives the rotating pipe to rotate, the deflection angle between the opening surface of the water collecting tank and the horizontal plane is adjusted, raindrops falling from the deflection angle can be collected, the detection efficiency is high, and the situation that the deflected raindrops are difficult to fall into the water collecting tank due to strong wind is prevented.

According to the invention, the distance between the hinge point of the connecting rod and the rotating ring and the center of the rotating ring can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the sliding pin in the sliding groove, so that the rotating ring can rotate by different angles when the lifting sleeve slides by the same distance, and the proportion of the rotation angle of the water collecting tank connected in different deflection angle adjusting assemblies when the servo telescopic rod stretches is adjusted, so that the rain drops with different deflection angles at different heights can be adapted.

According to the invention, the height of the blocking cover can be adjusted through the extension and retraction of the hydraulic support rod, when the opening of the hydraulic support rod is attached to the ground, water vapor evaporated from the ground is absorbed by the moisture absorption plate to change the weight of the moisture absorption plate, and the ground surface evaporation capacity in the range of the blocking cover can be measured through the numerical value recorded by the gravity sensor, so that the integrated detection of the interception rainfall capacity and the forest ground surface evaporation capacity is realized, and the purpose of improving the accurate and continuous detection research on the forest hydrological ecological environment is achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for detecting the amount of rainfall and surface evaporation in forest interception;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a deflection angle adjusting assembly of a device for detecting the amount of rainfall and surface evaporation in forest cutting;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an evaporation detection assembly of the device for detecting the amount of rainfall and surface evaporation in forest interception;

in the figure: 1. a support; 2. a column; 3. a water collection tank; 4. a deflection angle adjusting assembly; 5. adjusting the pull rod; 6. a measurement tube; 7. an evaporation detection assembly; 8. a turntable; 9. a synchronizing wheel; 10. a motor; 11. a synchronous belt; 12. a hydraulic support rod; 13. a wind direction and force detection device; 41. a connecting pipe sleeve; 42. rotating the tube; 43. rotating the ring; 44. a connecting handle; 45. a connecting rod; 46. a lifting sleeve; 47. ring shifting; 48. a servo telescopic rod; 49. a water outlet; 71. a connecting frame; 72. a blocking cover; 73. a ventilation board; 74. a moisture absorption plate; 75. heating a tube; 76. a lifting device; 77. a gravity sensor.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for detecting rainfall and ground evaporation for forest interception includes a support 1, wherein an upright column 2 is rotatably erected at the center of the support 1, a plurality of drift angle adjusting assemblies 4 are tightly sleeved on the periphery of the upright column 2 along the length direction of the upright column, two water collecting grooves 3 are symmetrically arranged in the drift angle adjusting assemblies 4 by taking the upright column 2 as the center, and the water collecting grooves 3 are perpendicular to the axial direction of the upright column 2;

the water collecting tank 3 is a tank body with an upward opening, one end of the water collecting tank is communicated with the deflection angle adjusting assembly 4, and the other end of the water collecting tank is provided with an end face;

a plurality of vertically arranged hydraulic support rods 12 are arranged below the support 1, the cylinder bodies of the hydraulic support rods 12 are fixed in the support 1, and the tail ends of the piston rods of the hydraulic support rods 12 are bolted to the ground through bolting plates.

In this embodiment, a rotating disc 8 is fixed at the bottom of the upright column 2, the rotating disc 8 is rotatably connected with the support 1, the rotating disc 8 is connected to a synchronizing wheel 9 located on one side of the support 1 through a synchronizing belt 11, the synchronizing wheel 9 is connected to an output shaft of a motor 10, and a machine body of the motor 10 is fixedly connected with the support 1.

Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the declination adjustment assembly 4 includes a connection pipe sleeve 41, the connection pipe sleeve 41 is loosely sleeved on the periphery of the upright post 2 through a set screw, the connection pipe sleeve 41 is a hollow cavity, two ends of the connection pipe sleeve 41 perpendicular to the axial direction of the upright post 2 are respectively provided with an opening hole, a rotation pipe 42 is rotatably and penetratingly arranged in the opening hole, and the other end of the rotation pipe 42 is fixed and penetratingly connected with the open end of the water collection tank 3;

and the water in the two rotating pipes 42 can flow out of the water outlet 49 on one side of the connecting pipe sleeve 41 through the cavity in the connecting pipe sleeve 41, the water outlet 49 on each connecting pipe sleeve 41 is respectively connected to the measuring pipe 6 fixed at the bottom of the bracket 1 through a hose, and a liquid level sensing device is arranged in the measuring pipe 6.

In this embodiment, a rotary ring 43 is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the rotary tube 42, the rotary ring 43 has a connecting handle 44 extending radially therefrom, and the connecting handle 44 in the same connecting sleeve 41 faces in the same direction;

the connecting handle 44 is hinged with a connecting rod 45, the other ends of the two connecting rods 45 in the same connecting pipe sleeve 41 are hinged to the side surface of a lifting sleeve 46, and the lifting sleeve 46 is slidably sleeved on the periphery of the upright post 2;

that is, the distance between the connection sleeve 41 and the lifting sleeve 46 is changed by sliding, so that the connecting rod 45 pushes and pulls the connection handle 44, and the rotation ring 43 drives the rotation pipe 42 to rotate, thereby adjusting the deflection angle between the opening surface of the water collection tank 3 and the horizontal plane, and collecting the raindrops falling from the deflection angle.

In this embodiment, in the multiple deflection angle adjusting assemblies 4 distributed on the column 2, different lifting sleeves 46 are connected by an adjusting pull rod 5, and the adjusting pull rod 5 can be extended and contracted to adjust the length thereof and is fastened;

in the lowermost deflection angle adjusting assembly 4, a shifting ring 47 is rotatably sleeved below a lifting sleeve 46 of the lowermost deflection angle adjusting assembly, the shifting ring 47 is connected with the support 1 through a servo telescopic rod 48, a cylinder body of the servo telescopic rod 48 is fixedly connected with the support 1, and the tail end of a piston rod of the servo telescopic rod 48 is fixedly connected with the shifting ring 47;

the servo telescopic rod 48 is driven to stretch and retract, the lifting sleeve 46 can be pulled to slide through the shifting ring 47, and the lifting sleeve 46 in each declination adjusting assembly 4 can be pulled synchronously through the adjusting pull rod 5, so that the declination of all the water collecting tanks 3 can be adjusted synchronously.

In this embodiment, a sliding groove extending along the radial direction of the rotating ring 43 is formed in the connecting handle 44, a slidable and lockable sliding pin is arranged in the sliding groove, and the connecting rod 45 is hinged to the sliding pin;

that is to say, through the position of adjustment slip pin in the spout, can adjust the distance that the pin joint of connecting rod 45 and swivel 43 leaves the centre of a circle of swivel 43 to swivel 43 rotates different angles when can changing lift sleeve 46 and slide the same distance, with the proportion of the rotation angle when adjusting the flexible servo telescopic rod 48 of water catch bowl 3 of connecting in the different declination adjustment subassembly 4, make it can adapt to the raindrop of different declination under the different heights.

In this embodiment, the upright column 2 is provided with a wind direction and force detection device 13, and the wind direction and force detection device 13 can detect the wind direction and force of the environment and perform feedback adjustment on the drift angle and the orientation of the water collection tank 3 in the drift angle adjustment assembly 4.

Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the evaporation detection assembly 7 includes a connecting frame 71, the upper portion of the connecting frame 71 is fixed at the bottom of the bracket 1, a blocking cover 72 is fixed below the connecting frame 71, the blocking cover 72 is a cover body with a lower opening, a moisture absorption plate 74 is disposed at the top inside the blocking cover 72, and the moisture absorption plate 74 is connected with the top of the blocking cover 72 through a gravity sensor 77;

the height of the shield cover 72 can be adjusted by the extension and contraction of the hydraulic support rod 12, when the opening of the shield cover is attached to the ground, the moisture vapor evaporated from the ground is absorbed by the moisture absorption plate 74 to change the weight of the moisture absorption plate 74, and the ground surface evaporation amount within the range of the shield cover 72 can be measured by the value recorded by the gravity sensor 77.

In this embodiment, the top of the blocking cover 72 is provided with a ventilation hole, a ventilation plate 73 is arranged on the hole, and the ventilation plate 73 is connected with the top of the blocking cover 72 through a lifting device 76;

by adjusting the lifting device 76 to lift the ventilation plate 73, the top of the cover 72 can be opened and closed, and the moisture in the moisture absorption plate 74 can be evaporated.

In this embodiment, the heating pipe 75 is provided in the moisture absorption plate 74, and the moisture in the moisture absorption plate 74 can be evaporated by heating the heating pipe 75, so as to return to the initial state.

During specific implementation, firstly, the support 1 is moved to a designated position in a forest, the hydraulic support rod 12 is adjusted to be horizontal, the tail end of a piston rod of the hydraulic support rod 12 is bolted with the ground through a bolting plate, and the upright column 2 can be connected with a trunk through a pull rope, a support rod and the like, so that the stability of the support is improved;

the sliding deflection angle adjusting component 4 is distributed and fastened at a proper position of the upright post 2, so that the water collecting grooves 3 connected with the sliding deflection angle adjusting component are vertically distributed in the forest, and the length of the adjusting pull rod 5 is fastened; wherein, at least one pair of water collecting tanks 3 is positioned on the upper end surface of the tree crown, at least one pair of water collecting tanks 3 is positioned in the tree crown, and at least one pair of water collecting tanks 3 is positioned below the tree crown and above the ground surface;

when detecting the operation, according to wind direction and wind-force that wind direction wind-force detection device 13 detected, carry out feedback control to the declination and the orientation of water catch bowl 3 among declination adjustment subassembly 4, make the axial of water catch bowl 3 perpendicular to wind-force direction, and make the opening face of water catch bowl 3 deflect towards the vertical direction that the raindrop falls according to the wind-force size, its concrete regulation mode is:

a synchronous wheel 9 is driven by a motor 10, a synchronous belt 11 drives a rotary table 8 to rotate, so that the upright post 2 rotates, and the axial direction of the water collecting tank 3 is perpendicular to the wind direction;

the servo telescopic rod 48 is driven to stretch, so that the shifting ring 47 pulls the lifting sleeve 46 to slide, and the lifting sleeve 46 in each deflection angle adjusting assembly 4 can be synchronously pulled through the adjusting pull rod 5;

when the distance between the lifting sleeve 46 and the connecting pipe sleeve 41 is changed, the connecting rod 45 can push and pull the connecting handle 44, so that the rotating ring 43 drives the rotating pipe 42 to rotate, the deflection angle between the opening surface of the water collecting tank 3 and the horizontal plane is adjusted, the opening surface of the water collecting tank 3 deflects towards the vertical direction of raindrop falling, and raindrop falling at the deflection angle can be collected more efficiently;

the distance between the hinge point of the connecting rod 45 and the rotating ring 43 and the circle center of the rotating ring 43 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the sliding pin in the sliding groove, so that the rotating ring 43 can rotate by different angles when the lifting sleeve 46 slides by the same distance, and the proportion of the rotating angle of the water collecting tank 3 connected in different deflection angle adjusting assemblies 4 when the servo telescopic rod 48 stretches can be adjusted, so that the rain drops with different deflection angles at different heights can be adapted;

the rainfall firstly directly falls into the water collecting tank 3 on the upper end surface of the tree crown for collection, then falls into the water collecting tank 3 in the tree crown for collection after being intercepted by the surface layer of the tree crown, finally falls into the water collecting tanks 3 below the tree crown and above the ground surface for collection through the residual rainfall intercepted by the whole tree crown, and flows into different measuring tubes 6 respectively to detect the rainfall amount, thereby achieving the purpose of comprehensively detecting the rainfall amount of the forest at different vertical positions when the rainfall occurs;

when the evaporation capacity of the ground surface is detected, the height of the blocking cover 72 can be adjusted through the extension and contraction of the hydraulic support rod 12, when the opening of the blocking cover is attached to the ground, the water vapor evaporated from the ground is absorbed by the moisture absorption plate 74 to change the weight of the moisture absorption plate 74, and the evaporation capacity of the ground surface within the range of the blocking cover 72 can be measured through the numerical value recorded by the gravity sensor 77;

after the detection of the evaporation amount of the ground surface is finished, the lifting device 76 is adjusted to lift the ventilation plate 73, so that the top of the blocking cover 72 can be opened, the heating pipe 75 is used for heating the moisture absorption plate 74, the moisture of the moisture absorption plate 74 can be evaporated, and the initial state is recovered;

the invention has high detection efficiency, good universality and high precision, can effectively meet the requirements of continuously and accurately detecting the forest interception rainfall of forest environments with different heights and densities, simultaneously realizes the accurate detection of the evaporation capacity of the surface of the forest, and realizes the comprehensive and accurate detection of the forest water resource circulating systems such as the natural rainfall in the forest area, the rainfall interception rainfall of the forest crown, the evaporation capacity of the surface of the forest and the like, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the accurate and continuous detection research on the forest hydrological ecological environment.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention are equivalent to or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.