阅读说明：本技术 利用喷冷提高淬透性的方法及其加工设备 (Method for improving hardenability by spray cooling and processing equipment thereof ) 是由 杨明霞 程世杰 刘滨 张传滨 于 2021-09-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用喷冷提高淬透性的方法及其加工设备,其属于轴类产品热处理领域。它主要包括以下步骤：将待加工工件放入电磁感应加热炉的炉膛中加热；将加热后的工件送入冷却装置以喷淋冷却水的方式进行逐步冷却；工件冷却至要求温度后,将工件再次放入电磁感应加热炉的炉膛中进行回火加热；回火加热后的工件通过自然冷却或喷淋冷却的方式,使工件温度降至常温。本发明采用单件工件通过式冷却的方式进行调质淬火,避免了产品集中下水冷却造成淬硬层不稳定的现象,并通过改进热处理设备,在产品不出现调质裂纹的情况下,将产品淬透性由10-11mm提高到15-16mm,使产品淬透性得到最大的提高。本发明主要用于工件淬火。(The invention discloses a method for improving hardenability by spray cooling and processing equipment thereof, belonging to the field of heat treatment of shaft products. The method mainly comprises the following steps: putting a workpiece to be processed into a hearth of an electromagnetic induction heating furnace for heating; sending the heated workpiece into a cooling device to be gradually cooled in a cooling water spraying manner; after the workpiece is cooled to the required temperature, putting the workpiece into the hearth of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace again for tempering and heating; and the tempered workpiece is cooled to normal temperature in a natural cooling or spray cooling mode. The invention adopts the single workpiece through cooling mode to carry out quenching and tempering, avoids the phenomenon of unstable hardening layer caused by centralized water cooling of the product, and improves the hardenability of the product from 10-11mm to 15-16mm by improving the heat treatment equipment under the condition that quenching and tempering cracks do not appear on the product, so that the hardenability of the product is improved to the maximum extent. The invention is mainly used for workpiece quenching.)

1. A method for improving hardenability by spray cooling, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, putting a workpiece to be processed into a hearth of an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, and heating the workpiece in the hearth in a uniform forward mode;

step 2, the workpiece heated in the step 1 is sent to a cooling device (2) for cooling, and the cooling device (2) gradually cools the workpiece in a cooling water spraying mode through a plurality of modulating quenching rings (23);

step 3, after the workpiece in the step 2 is cooled to the required temperature, putting the workpiece into the hearth of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace again for tempering and heating;

and 4, naturally cooling or spraying and cooling the workpiece tempered and heated in the step 3 to reduce the temperature of the workpiece to normal temperature.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the furnace chamber of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace has a length of 6-10m, the workpiece is uniformly advanced and heated in the furnace chamber at a speed of 9-15mm/s, the quenching heating temperature is 750-840 ℃ and the tempering heating temperature is 570-660 ℃.

3. The method for improving hardenability by spray cooling according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device (2) in step 2 has a length of 4-6m, more than 5 uniformly distributed modulating and quenching rings (23) are arranged in the cooling device (2), the heated workpiece uniformly advances at a speed of 9-15mm/s and sequentially passes through the modulating and quenching rings (23) for spray cooling, and the workpiece is cooled to 100-150 ℃.

4. The method for improving hardenability by spray quenching according to claim 3, wherein the distance between two adjacent modulating quenching rings (23) is 40-50 mm.

5. The method for improving hardenability by spray cooling according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the quenching ring (23) is provided with spray holes (25), the angle between the spray holes (25) and the vertical direction is 18-28 degrees, and the spray pressure is 1.2-1.5 MPa.

6. The method for improving hardenability by spray cooling according to claim 5, wherein said workpiece to be processed has a round bar-shaped structure.

7. The utility model provides an utilize and spout processing equipment that cold-blast improves hardenability which characterized in that: the feeding device (1) comprises a workpiece clamping mechanism and a conveying device (3), the conveying device (3) is connected with a hearth inlet of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace, and a hearth outlet is connected with the cooling device (2).

8. The processing apparatus for improving hardenability by spray cooling according to claim 7, wherein: work piece clamping mechanism includes frame (11), frame (11) are connected with conveyer (3), be equipped with a plurality of conveying axle (31) on conveyer (3), be equipped with fixed connection's support frame (18) on frame (11), fixedly connected with elevating system (15) are gone up in support frame (18), it is connected with driven shaft (14) to rotate on support frame (18), the end that stretches out of elevating system (15) is connected with driven shaft (14), it is connected with driving shaft (12) to rotate on frame (11), be equipped with transmission roller (17) of mutually supporting on driving shaft (12) and driven shaft (14) respectively.

9. The processing apparatus for improving hardenability by spray cooling according to claim 8, wherein: cooling device (2) are including support (21) and a plurality of modulation quenching circle (23), are equipped with a plurality of transmission roller shafts (22) on support (21), and modulation quenching circle (23) set up between two transmission roller shafts (22), and modulation quenching circle (23) are connected with inlet tube (24), are equipped with a plurality of holes (25) that spray on modulation quenching circle (23), and the axis of spraying hole (25) is 18-28 with the contained angle of vertical direction.

10. The processing apparatus for improving hardenability by spray cooling according to claim 9, wherein: and a limiting ring groove (26) is arranged on the transmission rolling shaft (22), and the limiting ring groove (26) corresponds to the center of the modulation quenching ring (23).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of heat treatment of shaft products, and particularly relates to a method for improving hardenability by spray cooling and processing equipment thereof.

Background

At present, in most mechanical manufacturing enterprises, the quenching and tempering treatment of 42CrMo products generally adopts the following processes: 1. quenching and tempering: heating the workpiece to 810-; 2. high-temperature tempering: the tempering temperature is 480-520 ℃, the tempering temperature is adjusted according to the requirement of hardening and tempering hardness, and water cooling is carried out after tempering to reduce the tempering brittleness. When quenching and tempering are carried out, a workpiece to be quenched is to obtain a microstructure mainly comprising fine acicular martensite, and the microstructure mainly comprises heating temperature, heat preservation time and quenching medium cooling capacity. The quenching layer of the existing quenching and tempering treatment is too shallow, the hardenability of the existing quenching and tempering treatment is between 10 and 11mm, and when the environment is changed, the hardenability is changed, so that the hardenability cannot be ensured, and the stability is poor.

At present, quenching media such as quenching agents are generally adopted in the quenching and tempering treatment of 42CrMo products to improve the hardenability of the products. But the quenching agent has higher cost, about 200 yuan of quenching medium is consumed per ton, the process control difficulty is higher, and the product quality is unstable due to the fluctuation of the control process at any time.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method and the processing equipment thereof adopt a single workpiece through-type cooling mode to carry out quenching and tempering, avoid the phenomenon of unstable quenched layer caused by centralized water cooling of products, and improve the hardenability of the products from 10-11mm to 15-16mm by improving the heat treatment equipment under the condition that quenching and tempering cracks do not appear on the products, so that the hardenability of the products is improved to the maximum extent.

The method for improving the hardenability by using spray cooling comprises the following steps:

step 1, putting a workpiece to be processed into a hearth of an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, and heating the workpiece in the hearth in a uniform forward mode;

step 2, sending the workpiece heated in the step 1 into a cooling device for cooling, and gradually cooling the workpiece by the cooling device in a cooling water spraying manner through a plurality of modulating quenching rings;

step 3, after the workpiece in the step 2 is cooled to the required temperature, putting the workpiece into the hearth of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace again for tempering and heating;

and 4, naturally cooling or spraying and cooling the workpiece tempered and heated in the step 3 to reduce the temperature of the workpiece to normal temperature.

Preferably, the hearth of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is 6-10m long, the workpiece is uniformly heated in the hearth at the speed of 9-15mm/s, the quenching heating temperature is 750-.

Preferably, the cooling device in the step 2 is 4-6m long, more than 5 uniformly distributed modulation quenching rings are arranged in the cooling device, the heated workpiece uniformly advances at a speed of 9-15mm/s and sequentially passes through the modulation quenching rings for spray cooling, and the workpiece is cooled to 100-150 ℃.

Preferably, the distance between two adjacent modulating quenching rings is 40-50 mm.

Preferably, the modulation quenching ring is provided with spraying holes, the included angle between the spraying holes and the vertical direction is 18-28 degrees, and the spraying pressure is 1.2-1.5 Mpa.

Preferably, the workpiece to be processed is a round bar-shaped structure.

The processing equipment for improving the hardenability by spray cooling comprises a feeding device, an electromagnetic induction heating furnace and a cooling device, wherein the feeding device comprises a workpiece clamping mechanism and a conveying device, the conveying device is connected with a hearth inlet of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace, and a hearth outlet is connected with the cooling device.

Preferably, work piece clamping mechanism includes the frame, and the frame is connected with conveyer, is equipped with a plurality of conveying axles on the conveyer, is equipped with fixed connection's support frame in the frame, fixedly connected with elevating system on the support frame, and it is connected with the driven shaft to rotate on the support frame, and elevating system's the end that stretches out is connected with the driven shaft, and it is connected with the driving shaft to rotate in the frame, is equipped with the transfer roller of mutually supporting on driving shaft and the driven shaft respectively.

Preferably, the cooling device comprises a support and a plurality of modulation quenching rings, the support is provided with a plurality of transmission rollers, the modulation quenching rings are arranged between the two transmission rollers and connected with a water inlet pipe, the modulation quenching rings are provided with a plurality of spraying holes, and the included angle between the axis of each spraying hole and the vertical direction is 18-28 degrees.

Preferably, the transmission rolling shaft is provided with a limiting ring groove, and the limiting ring groove corresponds to the center of the modulation quenching ring.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the quenching and tempering method, an electromagnetic induction heating furnace is adopted to replace a traditional electric furnace wire for heating, the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is heated through a copper pipe coil, a magnetic field effect is generated after the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is electrified, and flowing water flows in a hearth, so that the interior of a workpiece is heated firstly and then is gradually diffused to the periphery, heat is fully utilized, and the condition of no heat loss is basically realized; meanwhile, the interior of the box body is provided with water circulation heat dissipation, so that the ambient environment is the same as the normal environment, the working environment of a production site is improved, the enthusiasm of workers is improved, and the cooling subsidy in summer is reduced;

2. compared with the heating mode from inside to outside in the traditional process, the heating mode from inside to outside is adopted, the hot start is fast, the electromagnetic induction heating furnace can be immediately heated after being started, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the real-time monitoring of the heating temperature is realized, the equipment is provided with a circulating cooling device, the damage is not easy, the phenomena of electric leakage and burnout are eliminated, and the maintenance is basically not needed;

3. according to the invention, single workpieces are sprayed and cooled one by one, and the spraying pressure is 1.2-1.5MPa, so that the workpieces are gradually cooled to the required temperature when passing through a plurality of modulating and quenching rings, the cyclic utilization of cooling water is realized, and the temperature of the cooling water is effectively controlled; meanwhile, by adjusting the angle of the spray holes, the hardenability (the metallographic structure is bounded by semi-martensite and the hardness is measured by 45 HRC) of the product is improved from 10-11mm to 15-16mm under the condition that the product does not have hardening and tempering cracks, so that the hardenability of the product is improved to the maximum, namely the hardenability layer is maximized, and the product performance is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a feed device;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the feeding device;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cooling apparatus;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the workpiece clamping mechanism;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modulated quench ring.

In the figure, 1, a feeding device; 11. a frame; 12. a drive shaft; 13. a drive sprocket; 14. a driven shaft; 15. a lifting mechanism; 16. a hoisting frame; 17. a conveying roller; 18. a support frame; 2. a cooling device; 21. a support; 22. a drive roller; 23. preparing a quenching ring; 24. a water inlet pipe; 25. spraying holes; 26. a limiting ring groove; 3. a conveying device; 31. a transfer shaft; 32. a limiting groove.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

the first embodiment is as follows: utilize and spout processing equipment that cold improvement hardenability, including feed arrangement 1, electromagnetic induction heating furnace and cooling device 2, feed arrangement 1 includes work piece clamping mechanism and conveyer 3, and conveyer 3 is connected with the furnace entry of electromagnetic induction heating furnace, and the furnace export is connected with cooling device 2.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the workpiece clamping mechanism includes a frame 11, the frame 11 is fixedly connected with a conveying device 3, the conveying device 3 is provided with a plurality of conveying shafts 31, the conveying shafts 31 are provided with limiting grooves 32, chain wheels are respectively installed on the conveying shafts 31, two adjacent chain wheels are connected through a chain, a support frame 18 fixedly connected with the frame 11 is provided with the support frame 18, a lifting mechanism 15 is fixedly connected with the support frame 18, the lifting mechanism 15 can select an air cylinder or a hydraulic oil cylinder, a driven shaft 14 is rotatably connected with the support frame 18, the driven shaft 14 is connected with a bearing seat through a bearing, the bearing seat is slidably connected with the support frame 18, a lifting frame 16 is fixed on the bearing seat, an extending end of the lifting mechanism 15 drives the driven shaft 14 to move up and down through the lifting frame 16, the frame 11 is rotatably connected with a driving shaft 12, the driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 14 are respectively provided with conveying rollers 17 matched with each other, and grooves matched with a workpiece to be processed are provided on the upper conveying roller 17 and the lower conveying roller 17.

During installation, one end of the driving shaft 12 is fixedly connected with a driving sprocket, the driving sprocket is connected with a power mechanism, and the driving sprocket is connected with a sprocket on the conveying shaft 31 through a chain.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the cooling device 2 includes a support 21 and a plurality of modulation quenching rings 23, the support 21 is provided with a plurality of transmission rollers 22, one end of each transmission roller 22 is provided with a sprocket, two adjacent sprockets are connected by a chain, the sprocket near one side of the support 21 is connected with a motor, the transmission roller 22 is provided with a limit ring groove 26, the limit ring groove 26 corresponds to the center of the modulation quenching ring 23, the modulation quenching ring 23 is arranged between the two transmission rollers 22, the modulation quenching rings 23 are connected with a water inlet pipe 24, as shown in fig. 5, the modulation quenching rings 23 are provided with a plurality of spraying holes 25, and an included angle between the axis of each spraying hole 25 and the vertical direction is 18-28 °.

When the device is used, a workpiece to be processed is placed on the conveying roller 17 on the driving shaft 12, the lifting mechanism 15 is started, the extending end of the lifting mechanism 15 drives the driven shaft 14 to move downwards, and the workpiece to be processed is clamped through the conveying roller 17 on the driven shaft 14; at the moment, the power device is started, the power device drives the driving shaft 12 to rotate, conveying of the workpiece to be machined is achieved, and the workpiece to be machined enters the limiting groove 32 on the conveying device 3 to be limited and conveyed until the workpiece to be machined is located in the hearth of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace.

As shown in the following figure, the method for improving hardenability by spray cooling comprises the following steps:

step 1, a workpiece to be processed is sent into a hearth of an electromagnetic induction heating furnace through a feeding device 1, the workpiece is quenched and heated in the hearth in a uniformly advancing mode through a grate, the length of the hearth of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is 9-10m, the workpiece is uniformly advanced and heated in the hearth at the speed of 9-15mm/s, and the quenching and heating temperature is 820-; in this embodiment, the workpiece to be processed is bar 45# steel with a diameter of 90mm, the dc voltage of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is 420V, and the intermediate frequency voltage is 600V.

And 2, sending the workpiece heated in the step 1 into a cooling device 2 for cooling, connecting a water inlet pipe 24 with a water supply device through a water pump, enabling the workpiece to uniformly penetrate through a plurality of modulation quenching rings 23 through a transmission roller 22, limiting the workpiece through a limiting ring groove 26, enabling the single workpiece to penetrate through the modulation quenching rings 23 one by one and move forward along a straight line all the time, and gradually cooling the workpiece to the required temperature when the workpiece passes through the plurality of modulation quenching rings 23.

The length of the cooling device 2 is 4-6m, more than 5 uniformly distributed modulation quenching rings 23 are arranged in the cooling device 2, the heated workpiece uniformly advances at the speed of 9-15mm/s and sequentially passes through the modulation quenching rings 23 to be sprayed and cooled, and the spraying pressure is 1.2-1.5Mpa until the workpiece is cooled to the temperature of 100-150 ℃.

And 3, after the workpiece in the step 2 is cooled to the required temperature, putting the workpiece into the hearth of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace again for tempering and heating, wherein the tempering and heating temperature is 570-580 ℃, the workpiece uniformly advances and is heated in the hearth at the speed of 10mm/s, the direct current voltage of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is 310V, and the intermediate frequency voltage is 480V.

And 4, cooling the workpiece after tempering and heating in the step 3 again in a spray cooling mode, wherein the method is the same as that in the step 2, so that the temperature of the workpiece is reduced to normal temperature, and the hardness of the workpiece can reach 220-250 HB.

Example two: the diameter of a workpiece to be processed is 100mm, the material is 40Cr, the quenching heating temperature in the step 1 is 780-; the tempering heating temperature is 610-620 ℃, the direct-current voltage of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is 340V, and the intermediate-frequency voltage is 510V; after tempering, naturally cooling the workpiece to normal temperature; the rest is the same as the first embodiment. The hardness of the workpiece can reach 250-280 HB.

Example three: the diameter of a workpiece to be processed is 110mm, the material is 42CrMo, the quenching heating temperature in the step 1 is 750-; the tempering heating temperature is 650-660 ℃, the direct-current voltage of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is 340V, and the intermediate-frequency voltage is 490V; the rest is the same as the first embodiment. The hardness of the workpiece can reach 230-285 HB.