阅读说明：本技术 太阳能热吸收器元件 (Solar heat absorber element ) 是由 K·A·皮斯肖 于 2015-02-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及太阳能热吸收器元件(100),其包括玻璃罩(110)和包括传热管(126)的高选择性真空涂覆的压焊式吸收器(120)。所述元件进一步包括热塑性密封件(130),该热塑性密封件(130)配置为将玻璃罩和压焊式吸收器彼此附接,使得在所述玻璃罩和所述压焊式吸收器之间存在距离(h),以及密闭空间(134),其由玻璃罩、压焊式吸收器和热塑性密封件形成,并且其充满低热传导气体(136)。(The present application relates to a solar thermal absorber element (100) comprising a glass cover (110) and a highly selective vacuum coated pressure welded absorber (120) comprising a heat transfer tube (126). The element further comprises a thermoplastic seal (130), the thermoplastic seal (130) being configured to attach the glass cover and the pressure welded absorber to each other such that there is a distance (h) between the glass cover and the pressure welded absorber, and an enclosed space (134) which is formed by the glass cover, the pressure welded absorber and the thermoplastic seal and which is filled with a low heat conducting gas (136).)

1. A solar thermal absorber element (100, 200, 300) comprising:

a glass cover (110, 210), and

a highly selective vacuum coated pressure welded absorber (120, 220) including a heat transfer tube (126),

a thermoplastic seal (130) configured to attach the glass cover and the pressure-welded absorber to each other such that there is a distance (h) between the glass cover and the pressure-welded absorber, an

A confined space (134) formed by the glass cover, the pressure welded absorber, and the thermoplastic seal, and the confined space is filled with a low thermal conductivity gas (136).

2. The element of claim 1, further comprising a second seal (140) attached to the thermoplastic seal and located between the glass cover and the pressure welded absorber, the second seal configured to protect the thermoplastic seal and support a weight of the pressure welded absorber.

3. The element of any preceding claim, wherein the pressure welded absorber comprises a coating (150) on a front surface (122) of the pressure welded absorber.

4. The element of any preceding claim, wherein the coating comprises a deposited layer (152, 154, 156), the first layer (152) on the pressure welded absorber having a composition comprising titanium, aluminum, nitrogen and the following elements: a composition of one of silicon, yttrium, cerium and chromium; a second layer (154) on the first layer has a composition comprising titanium, aluminum, nitrogen, oxygen, and the following elements: a composition of one of silicon, yttrium, cerium and chromium; and a third layer (156) on the second layer having a composition comprising titanium, aluminum, silicon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

5. A solar collector (260) comprising the solar thermal absorber element (200) of any one of claims 1-4.

6. A heating system (390) comprising a solar thermal absorber element (300) according to any of claims 1-4 and a heat pump (392) connected to the solar thermal absorber element.

Technical Field

The present application relates generally to solar thermal absorber elements.

Background

A conventional solar collector is manufactured by mounting a thermal insulator and a solar heat absorber having a heat transfer pipe one on another in this order inside a collector frame, and fixing a transparent cover to the frame. Existing collector structures allow ambient air to flow through the collector structure and dry the internal components of the collector.

However, existing collectors can allow sand, salt and insects to invade the interior of their structure along with the flowing air, which causes damage that reduces collector life and efficiency.

Furthermore, the existing collectors suffer from large heat losses due to the ventilation structure.

Furthermore, existing collectors suffer from moisture condensation and condensation of other evaporative components from the insulation onto the inner surface of the cover, which reduces the run time of the collector.

The aforementioned disadvantages significantly limit the usability of existing collectors.

Disclosure of Invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the above disadvantages and to provide an efficient and cost effective solar thermal absorber element.

One object of the invention is achieved by providing a solar thermal absorber element according to claim 1, a solar collector according to claim 5 and a heating system according to claim 6.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a solar thermal absorber element comprises a glass cover and a highly selective vacuum-coated roll-bond absorber comprising a heat transfer tube, a thermoplastic seal configured to attach the glass cover and the roll-bond absorber to each other such that there is a distance between the glass cover and the roll-bond absorber, and an enclosed space formed by the glass cover, the roll-bond absorber, and the thermoplastic seal and filled with a low thermal conductive gas.

The term "high selectivity vacuum coating" refers to coatings such as: the coating is deposited in vacuum and the coating forms a selective absorber coating having greater than 96% solar absorptivity but low thermal emission under infrared radiation.

The term "pressure welded absorber" refers to an absorber that includes at least one tube and is provided by a pressure welding technique.

The term "thermoplastic seal" refers to a seal made by thermoplastic sealing (TPS) technology.

The term "low heat transfer gas" refers to, for example, a gas having a low thermal conductivity, such as an inert gas. The low heat transfer gas may be, for example, argon, krypton or xenon.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a solar collector comprises a solar thermal absorber element comprising a glass cover and a highly selective vacuum coated pressure welded absorber comprising a heat transfer tube. The element further comprises a thermoplastic seal configured to attach the glass cover and the pressure welded absorber to each other such that there is a distance between the glass cover and the pressure welded absorber, and an enclosed space formed by the glass cover, the pressure welded absorber and the thermoplastic seal and filled with a low thermal conductivity gas.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a heating system includes a solar thermal absorber element comprising a glass cover and a high selectivity vacuum coated pressure welded absorber comprising a heat transfer tube. The element further comprises a thermoplastic seal configured to attach the glass cover and the pressure welded absorber to each other such that there is a distance between the glass cover and the pressure welded absorber, and an enclosed space formed by the glass cover, the pressure welded absorber and the thermoplastic seal and filled with a low thermal conductive gas. The system further includes a heat pump connected to the solar thermal absorber element.

Further embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

The verb "to comprise" is used herein as an open limitation that neither excludes nor requires the presence of unrecited features. The definitions of the verbs "comprise" and "have" are the same as those of the inclusion.

The terms "a" and "an" and "at least one," as used herein, are defined as one or more than one, and the terms "a" and "an" are defined as two or more than two.

The term another, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more.

The term "or" is generally employed to mean including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

To the extent that a verb is defined above, it is intended to refer to that term as such, unless otherwise defined in the claims or elsewhere in the specification.

Finally, the features recited in the dependent claims may be freely combined with each other, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Brief description of the drawings

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a solar thermal absorber element,

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a solar collector, and

fig. 3 shows a heating system.

Detailed description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a solar thermal absorber element (assembly) 100.

The element 100 comprises a highly transparent glass cover 110, said glass cover 110 allowing solar radiation to reach the pressure welded absorber 120 and at the same time covering the highly selective vacuum coated absorber 120 to avoid mechanical damage, insects and dust. In addition, the glass enclosure 110 reduces heat loss from the absorber 120.

The absorber 120 is configured to absorb solar radiation. The absorber 120 includes at least one heat transfer tube 126 and is formed by a pressure welding technique in which two sheets of, for example, aluminum are bonded together by a rolling process. The pattern and dimensions of the one or more tubes 126 are printed on the inner surface of one panel by special screens and inks. The printed pattern remains between the inner surfaces of the bonding sheets and, after said bonding, the one or more tubes 126 are formed by compressed air expanding through the printed pattern.

The one or more tubes 126 form a continuous heat transfer channel having an inlet 127a and an outlet 127b and configured to circulate a heat transfer fluid, such as water, air, or antifreeze, inside the absorber 120. The one or more tubes 126 may be designed, for example, as a single twisting tube 126 and/or a manifold 126 configured to reduce the flow resistance of the heat transfer fluid.

The inlet 127a and the outlet 127b are configured as pipes for connecting to an external device, such as a solar collector or an adapter thereof.

The rigid absorber 120 maintains a distance h between the glass envelope 110 and the absorber 120 at all times, preventing the absorber 120 from bending towards the glass envelope 110, to minimize heat loss. When the distance h is 10mm, the heat loss is minimized. If the absorber 120 is bent toward the glass cover 110 such that the distance h is less than 10mm, heat loss is significantly increased.

The absorber 120 comprises a highly selective vacuum coating 150, for example a so-called MEMO coating comprising a silicon, aluminum and titanium based ceramic layer, on the front surface 122 of the absorber 120. The coating 150, including the layers 152, 154, 156, is vacuum deposited at one time (at once) on the entire and all absorbers 120 by a Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) process and/or a Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) process.

The first layer 152 on the front surface 122 is configured to absorb light and prevent diffusion of elements of the absorber material that degrade the performance of the absorber 120. Layer 152 has a composition comprising titanium, aluminum, nitrogen, and the following elements: silicon, yttrium, cerium and chromium.

Layer 152 may have a layer thickness of, for example, 10nm-600nm and it may include, for example, titanium, aluminum, silicon, and nitrogen (Ti)_xAl_ySi_z)N_a. Alternatively, yttrium, cerium and/or chromium may be used in addition to or in place of silicon.

The coefficients x, y, z and a and also the subsequent coefficient b represent the stoichiometric (stoquiometric) or non-stoichiometric (nonstoquiometric) composition of the layers 152, 154, 156.

The values of x, y, z, and a for layer 152 may be, for example, 0.4, 0.5, 0.1, and 1.0, respectively. Typically, x has a value of 0.3 to 0.5, y has a value of 0.3 to 0.6, z has a value of 0.03 to 0.2, and a has a value of 0.9 to 1.1.

The second intermediate layer 154 on layer 152 is configured to absorb light and increase interference at selected wavelengths. Layer 154 has a composition comprising titanium, aluminum, nitrogen, oxygen, and the following elements: silicon, yttrium, cerium and chromium.

Layer 154 may have a layer thickness of, for example, 10nm-150nm and it may comprise titanium, aluminum, silicon, nitrogen and oxygen (Ti)_xAl_ySi_z)N_aO_b. Alternatively, yttrium, cerium and/or chromium may be used in addition to or in place of silicon. The values of x, y, z, a and b may be, for example, 0.4, 0.5, 0.1, 0.8 and 0.3, respectively. Typically, x has a value of 0.3 to 0.5, y has a value of 0.3 to 0.6, z has a value of 0.03 to 0.2, a has a value of 0.2 to 0.8 and b has a value of 0.2 to 0.8.

A third top layer 156 on the second layer 154 is configured to act as an anti-reflective layer and to insulate the coating 150 from ambient gases. It has a composition comprising titanium, aluminum, silicon, nitrogen and oxygen.

Layer 156 may have a layer thickness of, for example, 50nm-250nm and may include titanium, aluminum, silicon, nitrogen, and oxygen (Ti)_xAl_ySi_z)N_aO_b. Typically, x has a value of 0-0.2, y has a value of 0-0.2, z has a value of 0-1, a has a value of 0-2, and b has a value of 0-2.

The element 100 comprises a thermoplastic seal (spacer) 130 configured for attaching the glass cover 110 and the absorber 120 to each other such that there is a certain distance h, e.g. 10, 15 or 20mm, between the glass cover 110 and the absorber 120.

The attachment is achieved by TPS technology. A seal 130, such as a butyl seal, is injected onto the glass envelope 110 to achieve the desired seal thickness and distance h between the glass envelope 110 and the absorber 120. The glass envelope 110 with the seal 130 and the absorber 120 are then pressed together such that they form a gas-tight (gas-impermeable) enclosed space 134, which enclosed space 134 is surrounded by the glass envelope 110, the absorber 120 and the seal 130, as shown.

Meanwhile, when the glass cover 110 and the absorber 120 are pressed together, a low thermal conductive gas 136, such as argon, is injected into the space 134 so that it is filled with the gas 136. The gas 136 reduces convective heat losses.

The glass cover 110, rigid absorber 120, and hermetic seal 130 retain the gas 136 in the space 134 and prevent the gas 136 from flowing out of the space 134.

The element 100 further comprises a second seal 140, for example a silicon seal, attached to the seal 130 and located between the glass cover 110 and the absorber 120. The seal 140 protects the seal 130 and supports the weight of the absorber 120.

The sealing element 100 prevents dust or insects from entering the element 100 and maintains the efficiency of the absorber 120, wherein there is no change in efficiency due to dust and insects during the life of the absorber 120.

Furthermore, the sealed element 100 prevents water condensation on the glass cover 110, so it can start to generate energy early in the morning.

The element 100 may be assembled to existing collector frames in the same manner as transparent covers have been secured heretofore.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of a solar collector 260 comprising the element 200 shown in fig. 1. The heat collector 260 is, for example, a flat plate heat collector for high temperature.

Heat collector 260 includes a heat collector frame 270 that covers heat collector 260 to avoid mechanical damage, insects, and dust.

The frame 270 includes at least one support member 272, the support member 272 being on a flanged portion 271 of an inner surface 282 of the frame 270. The one or more support elements 272 are configured to support the element 200, in particular the glass cover 210 thereof, when the element 200 is mounted in the frame 270.

In addition, the frame 270 includes at least one support element 274 and a backing plate 276, the support element 274 being on the bottom 273 on the inner surface 282. The one or more support elements 274 support a backing plate 276, the backing plate 276 being configured to support a thermal insulator 280 of the heat collector 260 and to cover the heat collector 260 to avoid mechanical damage, insects, and dust.

Insulator 280 is configured to thermally isolate element 200 and minimize the impact on its environment. An insulator 280, such as mineral wool or wood fiber wool, is mounted to the backing plate 276 as shown, thus supporting the absorber 220 when the element 200 is mounted within the frame 270.

The backing plate 276 may be part of the insulator 280 and thus is also configured as a thermal isolation element 200.

The sealed element 200 prevents water condensation on the glass envelope 210 based on the insulation 280 and it allows the use of cheaper insulation materials in the heat collector 260 since there is no condensation of any evaporated components from the insulation 280 on the glass envelope 210.

The mounted member 200 is supported by the one or more support members 272 and the insulator 280, and the one or more tubes 126, heat transfer channels, are connected to the heat collector 260 through the inlet 127a and outlet 127b and an adapter mechanism (not shown) such as the heat collector 260.

The element 200 is of great value in a high temperature flat plate collector 260, which can be utilized in, for example, solar cooling applications. The element 200 will offer the possibility to build very efficient modular large area collectors for process and district heating systems, which is the fastest growing solar thermal application area.

Fig. 3 shows a heating system 390 that provides thermal energy.

The system 390 includes the element 300 shown in fig. 1 and a heat pump 392, such as a geothermal heat pump, connected to the element 300 by, for example, the inlet 127a and outlet 127b of the element 300, a transfer mechanism and heat transfer connections 394a, 394 b.

The element 300 provides heat, for example it heats a building and its hot water, whenever possible. During the fall, winter and spring, when sunlight is insufficient, the element 300 improves the performance of the heat pump 392 by pre-heating the heat transfer fluid before it flows into the heat pump 392. The preheated fluid increases the efficiency of the heat pump 392 and minimizes the use of thermal energy based on the heat pump 392.

Further, the system 300 may use only the heat pump 392 to provide thermal energy.

The present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, and several advantages of the present invention have been confirmed. It is clear that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but it also comprises all possible embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention and the following claims.