阅读说明：本技术 一种电梯应急平层用集成超级电容的四象限变频器系统 (Four-quadrant frequency converter system of integrated super capacitor for elevator emergency leveling ) 是由 李世龙 徐钦禹 陶斯伽 伍世虔 陶友传 于 2021-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电梯应急平层用集成超级电容的四象限变频器系统,电网母线通过接触器连接网侧IGBT,网侧IGBT通过直流母线连接机侧IGBT,机侧IGBT通过三相线连接曳引电机,两根直流母线之间连接有限流装置、超级电容模组和开关电源,限流装置与超级电容串联,保护装置与超级电容模组并联,控制器连接开关电源。本发明有益效果：本发明的四象限变频器包括限流装置、网侧IGBT、机侧IGBT、超级电容模组、开关电源和控制器组成,曳引电机采用四象限变频器驱动,当电梯处于应急平层动作状态时,超级电容模组作为应急电源,网侧IGBT和机侧IGBT同时逆变,为整个电梯系统供电；限流装置可保护超级电容模组；限流装置在充电启动时控制电流峰值,是对限流装置的一个要求。(The invention discloses a four-quadrant frequency converter system of an integrated super capacitor for elevator emergency leveling, wherein a power grid bus is connected with a grid side IGBT through a contactor, the grid side IGBT is connected with a machine side IGBT through a direct current bus, the machine side IGBT is connected with a traction motor through a three-phase line, a current limiting device, a super capacitor module and a switching power supply are connected between the two direct current buses, the current limiting device is connected with the super capacitor in series, a protection device is connected with the super capacitor module in parallel, and a controller is connected with the switching power supply. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the four-quadrant frequency converter comprises a current limiting device, a network side IGBT, a machine side IGBT, a super capacitor module, a switching power supply and a controller, wherein a traction motor is driven by the four-quadrant frequency converter; the current limiting device can protect the super capacitor module; the current limiting device controls the peak value of current when charging is started, which is a requirement of the current limiting device.)

1. The utility model provides an emergent flat bed of elevator is with integrated super capacitor's four-quadrant converter system which characterized in that: including electric wire netting generating line, contactor, net side IGBT, current limiting device, super capacitor module, protection device, switching power supply, controller, machine side IGBT and haulage motor, electric wire netting generating line passes through the contactor and connects net side IGBT, net side IGBT passes through direct current bus connection machine side IGBT, machine side IGBT passes through the drive three-phase line and connects haulage motor, is connected with current limiting device, super capacitor module and switching power supply between two direct current bus, current limiting device and super capacitor series, protection device and super capacitor module are parallelly connected, controller connection switching power supply.

2. The four-quadrant frequency converter system of the integrated super capacitor for the emergency leveling of the elevator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the protection device comprises a maintenance button (RB), a second resistor (R2) and a Light Emitting Diode (LED), wherein the maintenance button (RB) is connected in series with the Light Emitting Diode (LED) through the second resistor (R2).

3. The four-quadrant frequency converter system of the integrated super capacitor for the emergency leveling of the elevator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the contactor comprises a first relay coil (KZA), a second relay coil (KZB), a third relay coil (KZC), a first relay normally open contact (KZA1), a second relay normally open contact (KZB1) and a third relay normally open contact (KZC 1).

4. The four-quadrant frequency converter system of the integrated super capacitor for the emergency leveling of the elevator as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: a first relay coil (KZA), a first relay normally open contact (KZA1), a second relay normally open contact (KZB1) and a third relay normally open contact (KZC1) are connected in series on the phase line A of the power grid bus; a second relay coil (KZB), a first relay normally open contact (KZA1), a second relay normally open contact (KZB1) and a third relay normally open contact (KZC1) are connected in series on a phase line B of the power grid bus; and a third relay coil (KZC), a first relay normally open contact (KZA1), a second relay normally open contact (KZB1) and a third relay normally open contact (KZC1) are connected in series on the C-phase line of the power grid bus.

5. The four-quadrant frequency converter system of the integrated super capacitor for the emergency leveling of the elevator as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: and the phase line A, the phase line B and the phase line C of the power grid bus are all connected with a point-action button switch (KQQ) in parallel.

6. The four-quadrant frequency converter system of the integrated super capacitor for the emergency leveling of the elevator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the contactor is connected with the grid side IGBT through power phase lines, and any two power phase lines are externally connected with load equipment.

7. The four-quadrant frequency converter system of the integrated super capacitor for the emergency leveling of the elevator as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: wherein the load device comprises a sensor, an elevator controller and a door machine.

8. The four-quadrant frequency converter system of the integrated super capacitor for the emergency leveling of the elevator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the current limiting device comprises a first diode (VD1), a second diode (VD2) and a first resistor (R1), wherein one end of the first resistor (R1) is connected with the negative pole of the first diode (VD1), the positive pole of the first diode (VD1) is connected with the negative pole of the second diode (VD2), and the other end of the first resistor (R1) is connected with the positive pole of the second diode (VD 2).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of elevator emergency leveling control and power supply, in particular to a four-quadrant frequency converter system of an integrated super capacitor for elevator emergency leveling.

Background

The super capacitor has the characteristics of online charging and discharging, large charging and discharging current, strong environment adaptability and the like, but the price of the super capacitor is very high at present; the four-quadrant frequency converter is composed of two groups of IGBT power modules, direct current can be converted into alternating current with adjustable voltage and frequency through an IGBT inversion technology to control the motor, and energy fed back by the motor can be converted into alternating current to be fed back to a power grid; when the elevator goes down under heavy load and goes up under light load, the feedback energy of the elevator system is considerable due to the gravity acting; the four-quadrant frequency converter can recover the part of feedback energy, thereby realizing energy conservation.

The nature of the elevator system is such that a power failure may cause the elevator carrying passengers to stop between floors, thereby placing the passengers in a dangerous situation; the safety of the elevator system can be greatly improved by selecting the emergency leveling system. When the power grid is suddenly powered off, the emergency leveling system can supply power (a safety loop, a band-type brake, an outbound call and the like) to the four-quadrant frequency converter and a control system peripheral system, passengers are safely placed on the leveling floor, and people trapping is prevented.

Prior art emergency power supplies used in current emergency flat bed systems are batteries and/or safety circuits; the batteries used are typically lead-acid batteries, having a service life of the order of a maximum of five years; furthermore, lead-acid batteries have a large size and must be equipped with power transformers to supply the elevator system with three-phase alternating current.

1. The Chinese patent discloses that a super capacitor is used as an energy saver and an emergency power supply (application number: 200580023344.3) in an elevator system, electric energy is stored when an elevator is braked, and the super capacitor is used as an additional source of the electric energy when the elevator is heavily loaded; and when the power grid fails, the super capacitor serves as a reserve power supply.

2. The Chinese patent discloses a four-quadrant elevator frequency converter structure (application number: 201910249041.7) integrated with an emergency power supply, wherein an emergency power supply module is connected to a direct current bus through a DC/DC module; when the power grid normally works, the emergency power supply module is charged through the DC/DC module; when the power grid is powered off, the emergency power supply module supplies power to the elevator system through the DC/DC module.

The existing emergency leveling system is complex, so that the fault occurrence rate is high, and the overhaul and maintenance cost is high.

Therefore, there is a need for a four-quadrant frequency converter system with integrated super capacitor for elevator emergency leveling.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a four-quadrant frequency converter system of an integrated super capacitor for an elevator emergency leveling, so as to solve the problems.

The utility model provides an emergent flat bed of elevator is with integrated super capacitor's four-quadrant converter system, includes grid bus, contactor, net side IGBT, current limiting device, super capacitor module, protection device, switching power supply, controller, machine side IGBT and traction motor, grid bus passes through the contactor and connects net side IGBT, net side IGBT passes through direct current bus and connects machine side IGBT, machine side IGBT passes through the three-phase line and connects traction motor, is connected with current limiting device, super capacitor module and switching power supply between two direct current buses, current limiting device and super capacitor are established ties, protection device and super capacitor module are parallelly connected, controller connecting switch power supply.

Preferably, the protection device comprises an overhaul button, a second resistor and a light emitting diode, and the overhaul button is connected in series with the light emitting diode through the second resistor.

Preferably, the contactor comprises a first relay coil, a second relay coil, a third relay coil, a first relay normally open contact, a second relay normally open contact and a third relay normally open contact.

Preferably, a first relay coil, a first relay normally open contact, a second relay normally open contact and a third relay normally open contact are connected in series on the phase line A of the power grid bus; a second relay coil, a first relay normally open contact, a second relay normally open contact and a third relay normally open contact are connected in series on a phase line B of the power grid bus; and a third relay coil, a first relay normally open contact, a second relay normally open contact and a third relay normally open contact are connected in series on the C phase line of the power grid bus.

Preferably, the phase line A, the phase line B and the phase line C of the power grid bus are connected with the inching button switch in parallel.

Preferably, a direct current phase line is arranged between the contactor and the grid side IGBT, and any two phase lines are externally connected with load equipment.

Preferably wherein the load device comprises a sensor, an elevator controller (PLC controller) and a door machine.

Preferably, the current limiting device includes a first diode, a second diode and a first resistor, a cathode of the first diode is connected to one end of the first resistor, a cathode of the second diode is connected to an anode of the first diode, and an anode of the second diode is connected to the other end of the first resistor.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the four-quadrant frequency converter comprises a current limiting device, a network side IGBT, a machine side IGBT, a super capacitor module, a switching power supply and a controller, wherein a traction motor of an elevator is driven by the four-quadrant frequency converter; when the elevator is in an emergency flat-bed action state, the super capacitor module is used as an emergency power supply, and a network side IGBT and a machine side IGBT of the four-quadrant frequency converter are inverted simultaneously to supply power to the whole elevator system; the super capacitor module is connected with the current limiting device in series and then is connected to the direct current bus, so that the super capacitor module can be protected; the current limiting device controls the current peak at the start of charging, which is a requirement for the current limiting device.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an elevator four-quadrant frequency converter system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the operational state of the emergency leveling operation of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a current limiting device and protection device of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a motor driving state and a generator deceleration braking state of the traction motor of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the contactor of the present invention.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the four-quadrant frequency converter system of the integrated super capacitor for the emergency leveling of the elevator comprises a power grid bus (A, B, C), a contactor, a grid side IGBT, a current limiting device, a super capacitor module, a protection device, a switching power supply, a controller, a machine side IGBT and a traction motor, wherein the power grid bus is connected with the grid side IGBT through the contactor, the grid side IGBT is connected with the machine side IGBT through a direct current bus, the machine side IGBT is connected with the traction motor through a driving three-phase line (U, V, W), the current limiting device, the super capacitor module and the switching power supply are connected between the two direct current buses, the current limiting device is connected with the super capacitor module in series, the protection device is connected with the super capacitor module in parallel, and the controller is connected with the switching power supply.

Further, the protection device comprises a maintenance button RB, a second resistor R2 and a light emitting diode LED, wherein the maintenance button RB is connected in series with the light emitting diode LED through the second resistor R2.

Further, the contactor comprises a first relay coil KZA, a second relay coil KZB, a third relay coil KZC, a first relay normally open contact KZA1, a second relay normally open contact KZB1 and a third relay normally open contact KZC 1.

Further, a first relay coil KZA, a first relay normally open contact KZA1, a second relay normally open contact KZB1 and a third relay normally open contact KZC1 are connected in series on the phase line A of the power grid bus; a second relay coil KZB, a first relay normally open contact KZA1, a second relay normally open contact KZB1 and a third relay normally open contact KZC1 are connected in series on a phase line B of the power grid bus; and a third relay coil KZC, a first relay normally open contact KZA1, a second relay normally open contact KZB1 and a third relay normally open contact KZC1 are connected in series on the C-phase line of the power grid bus.

Furthermore, the phase line A, the phase line B and the phase line C of the power grid bus are all connected with a inching button switch KQQ in parallel.

The contactor is used for breaking the connection between the four-quadrant frequency converter and the power grid; the inching switch is used for protection and is manually started after power failure.

Further, the contactor is connected with the grid side IGBT through power phase lines L1, L2 and L3, wherein any two power phase lines are externally connected with load equipment.

Further wherein the load device includes a sensor, an elevator controller, and a door motor.

Further, the current limiting device comprises a first diode VD1, a second diode VD2 and a first resistor R1, wherein the negative electrode of the first diode VD1 is connected with one end of the first resistor R1, the negative electrode of the second diode VD2 is connected with the positive electrode of the first diode VD1, and the positive electrode of the second diode VD2 is connected with the other end of the first resistor R1.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the four-quadrant frequency converter comprises a current limiting device, a network side IGBT, a machine side IGBT, a super capacitor module, a switching power supply and a controller, wherein a traction motor of an elevator is driven by the four-quadrant frequency converter, the super capacitor module is connected with the current limiting device in series, and is connected with a protection device in parallel and is connected to a direct current bus of the four-quadrant frequency converter; when the elevator is in an emergency flat-bed action state, the super capacitor module is used as an emergency power supply, and a network side IGBT and a machine side IGBT of the four-quadrant frequency converter are inverted simultaneously to supply power to the whole elevator system; in order to protect the super capacitor module, the super capacitor module is connected with the current limiting device in series and then is connected to the direct current bus; the current limiting device controls the current peak value when charging is started, and reduces the consumed power as much as possible when discharging; the super capacitor module is used as an emergency power supply for an emergency floor of an elevator, and is placed on a direct current bus inside a four-quadrant frequency converter; the super capacitor module is used as an online emergency power supply, so that the emergency power supply and the frequency converter are integrated, and an elevator system is simpler; the system has a simple structure, the capacitor is directly connected to the direct current bus, the fault rate is low, the capacitor is directly discharged through the protection device during maintenance, and the maintenance cost is low.

The working principle is as follows:

when the elevator power grid bus normally supplies power, the power grid bus is connected with a grid side IGBT through a contactor, the grid side IGBT inverts three-phase alternating current into direct current and transmits the direct current to a machine side IGBT, the machine side IGBT inverts the direct current into three-phase alternating current to provide electric energy for a traction motor, a direct current bus is connected between the grid side IGBT and the machine side IGBT, a current limiting device, a super capacitor module, a protection device, a switching power supply and a controller are arranged between the direct current buses, and the direct current bus is inverted into alternating current through the machine side IGBT to provide electric energy for the traction motor; and on the other hand, the super capacitor module is charged through the current limiting device.

If the power grid bus is in power failure or the contactor is damaged, the power grid bus cannot normally supply power to the four-quadrant frequency converter, the super capacitor module discharges power to supply power to the traction motor through the machine side IGBT, and meanwhile, the load equipment is supplied with power through the machine side IGBT.

The elevator control system consists of a car operating panel, a hall door signal, an elevator controller (PLC controller) and a four-quadrant frequency converter; the four-quadrant frequency converter is responsible for finishing the speed regulation function; the elevator controller is responsible for processing the logic relation of various signals, sends start-stop signals to the four-quadrant frequency converter, and simultaneously the four-quadrant frequency converter also feeds back the working state of the four-quadrant frequency converter to the elevator controller, thereby forming a two-way communication relation.

The main loop of the four-quadrant frequency converter consists of a current limiting device, an intelligent power module, a super capacitor module, a switching power supply and a controller; the intelligent power module consists of a network side IGBT, a machine side IGBT, an isolation drive, a current detection and the like; a direct current bus support is arranged between the grid side IGBT and the machine side IGBT; the super capacitor module is connected with the current limiting device in series and the parallel protection device in parallel and is connected to the direct current bus; a state monitor is arranged in the super capacitor module and feeds back the working state of the super capacitor module to the elevator system; and a contactor is arranged between the four-quadrant frequency converter and the power grid and used for breaking the connection between the four-quadrant frequency converter and the power grid.

The traction motor of the elevator is driven by a four-quadrant frequency converter, and the super capacitor module is connected with a current limiting device and a parallel protection device in series and is connected to a direct current bus of the four-quadrant frequency converter.

The grid side IGBT and the machine side IGBT both adopt insulated gate bipolar transistors, and are composite full-control voltage-driven power semiconductor devices composed of BJTs (bipolar transistors) and MOS (insulated gate field effect transistors).

Example 1:

when the elevator is in an emergency flat-bed action state, the super capacitor module is used as an emergency power supply, and a network side IGBT and a machine side IGBT of the four-quadrant frequency converter are inverted simultaneously to supply power to the whole elevator system; an emergency leveling operation state diagram is shown in fig. 2 (wherein a dotted line direction represents a current transmission direction when a power grid bus normally works), and an emergency leveling process specifically includes the following steps: the contactor is disconnected, the super capacitor module discharges electricity to the direct current bus, the switching power supply supplies power to the controller, and the controller controls the IGBT on the network side to supply power to the sensor, the elevator controller (PLC), the gantry crane and the like on the direct current bus; after a period of time delay, the controller controls the machine side IGBT to invert the direct current on the direct current bus to supply power to the traction motor, so that the traction motor can downwards run to the position close to the leveling position at the normal running speed of 1/2-1/3.

When the super capacitor module is used as an emergency power supply to discharge, the initial voltage is the direct current bus voltage in normal work, the output voltage is reduced to one half of the initial voltage as a limit value, and the residual capacity of the super capacitor module is one fourth of the initial capacity; the capacitance value of the super capacitor module can be determined according to the working voltage of the super capacitor module and the required standby power consumption; the theoretical reserve capacity is equal to the emergency power of the elevator system multiplied by the emergency operation time, in order to ensure safety, a certain margin is always reserved for an emergency power supply, and the actual reserve capacity is generally 1.5-2 times of the theoretical reserve capacity; when the switching power supply is in an emergency flat-layer action state, the input voltage of the switching power supply is determined by the terminal voltage of the super capacitor module, so that the switching power supply must be ensured to work normally within the terminal voltage variation range of the super capacitor module. The working voltage range of the sensor, the elevator controller, the door motor and other equipment is determined according to the voltage range after the voltage inversion of the super capacitor module.

The process is calculated by taking an elevator system with 380V alternating current rated voltage and 16kW rated power as an example; required spare capacity of

Wherein W is the total power, P is the power, t is the time, h is the unit of time, kw is the unit of power;

the initial voltage of the super capacitor module is 540V (the voltage 540V is obtained by uncontrollable rectification, and the DC bus voltage of the four-quadrant frequency converter is generally more than 600V), and the required spare capacity is

Therefore, the capacitance value of the super capacitor module can be determined;

wherein W is the total power; c is capacitance; u is a voltage.

The above process is based on theoretical calculation only, and the actual application is calculated based on actual data.

For protecting the super capacitor module, the super capacitor module needs to be connected to the direct current bus after the current limiting device is connected in series: the current limiting device is required to control the current peak value when charging is started, and the consumed power is reduced as much as possible when discharging; because the equivalent resistance of the super capacitor module is small, when the four-quadrant frequency converter is started, the voltage difference of the end of the super capacitor module is large, and the charging current is overlarge, so that the super capacitor module can be damaged; therefore, the super capacitor module must be connected with the current limiting device in series to be connected to the direct current bus.

When the elevator system appears abnormal state, the super capacitor module can be overhauled only after the electric quantity is completely discharged through the parallel protection circuit.

The current limiting device and the protection device are connected in a schematic diagram as shown in fig. 3 (the circuit shown is only for explaining the technical principle and is not excluded from being implemented in other ways); the current limiting device comprises a first diode VD1, a second diode VD2 and a first resistor R1 (current limiting resistor), wherein the first resistor R1 limits the peak value of the charging current, and the discharge loss is reduced by discharging through the second diode VD 2; the protection device comprises maintenance button RB, second resistance (bleeder resistance) R2, emitting diode LED, needs to press maintenance button RB earlier when overhauing, consumes the electric quantity through second resistance (bleeder resistance) R2, and emitting diode LED extinguishes and represents that the electric quantity releases and finishes.

Example 2:

when the elevator is in a normal operation state, the traction motor has two operation states: the driving state of the motor and the deceleration braking state of the generator, and the normal operation state diagram is shown in FIG. 4; a. when the traction motor is in a motor driving state (in the direction of a solid line head), the grid side IGBT drives the grid side AC current to flow to the DC bus; the super capacitor maintains the voltage stability of the direct current bus; the machine side IGBT inverts the direct current into the traction motor for supplying power, and the torque and the speed of the traction motor are controlled by adjusting the voltage and the frequency of the output alternating current. b. When the traction motor is in a generator deceleration braking state (in the direction of a dotted line head), the machine side IGBT integrally transmits electric energy fed back by the traction motor to the direct current bus, and the super capacitor maintains the voltage stability of the direct current bus; the grid side IGBT inverts the direct current and transmits the direct current to A, B, C three phases, so that the energy-saving effect is achieved; this part of the electrical energy is consumed by other load devices (e.g. lighting, air conditioning, etc.) in the area where the elevator is located (e.g. in a building, etc.) without being fed back to the electricity network.

Under the condition that the power grid bus normally supplies power, the contactor is closed, the power grid bus supplies power for the four-quadrant frequency converter, and when the power grid bus fails or is in power failure, the contactor is disconnected, so that the elevator system becomes an independent system. When recovering after a fault, in order to ensure safety, the contactor needs to be manually closed to recover power supply. In addition, the contactor also has a power failure detection function and provides a normal/emergency mode switching signal for the four-quadrant frequency converter controller; for example the contactor schematic shown in fig. 5 (the circuit shown is only for explaining the technical principle and does not exclude other implementations); after the power grid resumes normal power supply, the normal operation can be resumed only by manually pressing the jog button switch KQQ in the power supply change-over switch group on the power grid side; the relay coils (KZA, KZB and KZC) are electrified, the normally open contacts (KZA1, KZB1 and KZC1) are closed, and the power grid bus supplies power to the four-quadrant frequency converter; when the power grid bus fails or power is cut off, the relay coils (KZA, KZB and KZC) lose power, the normally open contacts (KZA1, KZB1 and KZC1) are disconnected, and the elevator system is isolated from the power grid bus to form an independent system.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the invention.