阅读说明：本技术 用于气体生成的反应器 (Reactor for gas generation ) 是由 库赛·阿尔·安萨里 于 2019-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及反应器,其包括：彼此间隔开布置的多个相互平行的板,使得所述板中的至少一个是阴极板,所述板中的至少一个是阳极板,以及所述板中的至少一个是中性板并且布置在所述阴极板和所述阳极板之间；和多个框架,所述多个框架中的每个框架布置成用于周向地包围与所述板中的至少一个相邻的腔；以及用于将水和电解液供应到所述腔中的导管和用于引导来自所述反应器的富含所产生气体的液体的导管,其中所述反应器还包括附接到所述阳极板和附接到所述中性板的至少一个永磁体。(The invention relates to a reactor comprising: a plurality of mutually parallel plates arranged spaced apart from each other such that at least one of the plates is a cathode plate, at least one of the plates is an anode plate, and at least one of the plates is a neutral plate and is arranged between the cathode plate and the anode plate; and a plurality of frames, each frame of the plurality of frames being arranged for circumferentially enclosing a cavity adjacent to at least one of the plates; and a conduit for supplying water and electrolyte into the cavity and a conduit for conducting produced gas-enriched liquid from the reactor, wherein the reactor further comprises at least one permanent magnet attached to the anode plate and to the neutral plate.)

1. A reactor for gas generation, the reactor comprising

-a set of mutually parallel plates (1,2,3) arranged spaced apart from each other and adapted to be attached to an electric current source, such that at least one of the plates is a cathode plate (1), at least one of the plates is an anode plate (2), and at least one of the plates is a neutral plate (3) and arranged between the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2), and

-a plurality of frames (7), each frame (7) of the plurality of frames (7) being arranged for circumferentially enclosing a cavity extending adjacent to at least one of the plates (1,2,3),

-a conduit for supplying a liquid comprising water and electrolyte into the cavity and a conduit for conducting the produced gas-enriched liquid formed in the cavity from the reactor,

characterized in that the reactor also comprises

-at least one permanent magnet, preferably a plurality of permanent magnets (10), attached to the anode plate (2) and to the neutral plate (3), the permanent magnets (10) being spaced apart from each other on the side of the anode plate (2) facing the cathode plate (1) of the group, the north side of the permanent magnets (10) facing the cathode plate (1).

2. A reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (1,2,3) and the frames (7) are provided with mutually aligned first through holes (8) and mutually aligned second through holes (9), the first through holes (8) forming the conduits for supplying the liquid and the second through holes (9) forming the conduits for guiding the liquid enriched with the produced gas formed in the cavities, wherein each frame (7) is provided with a channel connecting the first through holes (8) with the respective cavity enclosed by the frame (7) and a channel connecting the second through holes (9) with the respective cavity enclosed by the frame (7).

3. The reactor of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

-a plurality of membranes (11), each membrane (11) being arranged between two adjacent plates (1,2,3) and dividing the chamber into two sub-chambers, each of the two sub-chambers extending along one of the two adjacent plates (1,2,3), wherein there are two separate conduits for guiding the liquid enriched in the produced gas formed in the chamber from the reactor.

4. A reactor as claimed in claims 2 and 3, characterized in that each frame (7) comprises two portions between which the membrane (11) is fixed, and in that the plates (1,2,3) and the frame (7) are provided with third through holes (16) aligned with each other, said third through holes (16) forming a further duct for guiding the liquid rich in the produced gas formed in the chamber, wherein each first portion of a frame (7) is provided with a channel connecting the second through hole (9) with the respective subcavity enclosed by the first portion of the frame (7), and each second portion of a frame (7) is provided with a channel connecting the third through hole (9) with the respective subcavity enclosed by the second portion of the frame (7).

5. Reactor according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the permanent magnets

Is a neodymium magnet, and/or

-has a disc shape with a diameter in the range of 7 to 13mm, preferably 9 to 11mm, and/or

-has a thickness in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 mm.

6. Reactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plates (1,2,3) are made of stainless steel and/or at least some of the plates (1,2,3) are provided with scratches, preferably horizontal and vertical scratches.

7. Reactor according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the spacing between the plates (1,2,3) is uniform and is in the range of 2.3mm to 2.9mm, preferably in the range of 2.6mm to 2.8 mm.

8. Reactor according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the plates (1,2,3) are arranged to form at least one group comprising a sequence of a cathode plate (1), a plurality of neutral plates (3), an anode plate (2), a plurality of neutral plates (3) and a cathode plate (1).

9. Reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of neutral plates (3) on one side of the anode plate (2) is the same as the number of neutral plates (3) on the other side of the anode plate (2), so that the anode plate (2) is arranged in the middle of the group.

10. A reactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two electrically insulating and waterproof end members (4), the plates (1,2,3) and the frame (7) being sandwiched between the end members (4).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a reactor for generating gas by electrolysis, comprising at least one exhaust pipe for the generated gas; and a plurality of mutually parallel plates arranged spaced apart from each other and adapted to be attached to a source of electric current such that at least one of the plates is a cathode plate, at least one of the plates is an anode plate, and at least one of the plates is neutral and arranged between the cathode plate and the anode plate, wherein the anode plate and the neutral plate are provided with a magnet or magnets, the individual plates being separated by a rubber frame for maintaining a predetermined distance of the individual plates from each other and for forming a water-tight chamber between the plates.

Background

Reactors that use electrolysis to generate gases are known in the art. It is an object of the present invention to improve the efficiency of such reactors. This is achieved by using a magnetic field that accelerates electrons during electrolysis, thereby accelerating gas generation without increasing input amperage.

Disclosure of Invention

The subject of the invention is a reactor for gas generation comprising: a plurality of mutually parallel plates arranged spaced apart from each other and adapted to be connected to a source of electrical current, such that at least one of the plates is a cathode plate, at least one of the plates is an anode plate, and at least one of the plates is a neutral plate and is arranged between the cathode plate and the anode plate. The reactor further comprising a plurality of frames, each frame of the plurality of frames being arranged for circumferentially enclosing a cavity adjacent to at least one of the plates; and a conduit for supplying water and electrolyte into the cavity and a conduit for conducting produced gas-enriched liquid formed in the cavity from the reactor. The reactor according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one permanent magnet, preferably a plurality of permanent magnets, attached to the anode plate and to the neutral plate, spaced apart from each other on the side of the anode plate facing the cathode plate, the north side of the permanent magnet facing the cathode plate. In a preferred embodiment, each frame in the reactor is arranged between two plates to form a cavity enclosed by the frame and two adjacent plates, or the reactor further comprises a plurality of membranes, wherein each frame comprises two parts, wherein each part of the frame is arranged between a plate and a membrane to form a cavity enclosed by said part of the frame, said plate and said membrane. The magnetic field may be generated by one permanent magnet or, preferably, by a plurality of permanent magnets. The permanent magnet is preferably a neodymium magnet and/or has a disc shape with a diameter in the range of 7mm to 13mm, preferably in the range of 9mm to 11mm, and/or a diameter in the range of 0.4mm to 1.5 mm. The plate is preferably made of stainless steel. In another preferred embodiment at least some of the panels are provided with scratches, preferably horizontal scratches and vertical scratches. The spacing between the plates is preferably uniform and is in the range of 2.3mm to 2.9mm, preferably 2.6mm to 2.8 mm. In yet another embodiment, the plates are arranged to form at least one set comprising a sequence of a cathode plate, a plurality of neutral plates, an anode plate, a plurality of neutral plates and a cathode plate. The number of neutral plates on one side of the anode plate is preferably the same as the number of neutral plates on the other side of the anode plate such that the anode plate is disposed in the middle of the stack, with the preferred number of neutral plates on each side of the anode plate being 5. The reactor according to the invention preferably comprises at least two electrically insulating and water-proof end members between which the plates and the frame are sandwiched.

Brief description of the drawings

In which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown.

Fig. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a detailed view of a portion of the reactor of figure 1.

Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the magnets on the plate of the first exemplary embodiment.

Figure 4 shows a photograph of a plate provided with grooves.

Fig. 5 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 shows a detailed view of a portion of the reactor of fig. 5.

Fig. 7 shows the respective plates, frames and membranes of the second exemplary embodiment.

Detailed description of exemplary embodiments

The first embodiment of the reactor shown in fig. 1 and 2 is suitable for generating hydrogen and oxygen (oxyhydrogen), i.e. a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen (HHO).

The reactor comprises mutually parallel plates arranged at a distance from each other1,2,3Wherein adjacent plates1,2,3Are uniform and are 3mm or less, preferably less than 3mm and greater than 2.3mm, more preferably 2.6mm to 2.8mm, most preferably 2.67 mm.

Board1,2,3And may be any shape such as square, rectangular, trapezoidal, circular, etc., with square or rectangular being preferred. Board1,2,3Made of stainless steel, for example 316L. In one embodiment, the plate1,2,3Is 180mm (height) x 180mm (width).

Before use, the board is preferably treated in a specific manner1,2,3. The treatment comprising scraping the board horizontally in one direction1,2,3Then from each side of the plate1,2,3Is scraped vertically from bottom to top, again only in that one direction. The width of the scraping groove is 10^-3mm to 10^-1mm, preferably 10^-3mm to 2.10^-2mm. The depth of the scraping groove is 10^{- 3}mm to 10^-2mm. In FIG. 4 is shown a scraped panel1,2,3The photograph of (2). Rear panel1,2,3Storage in alcohols such as ethanolAt least about 24 hours. The treatment has a positive effect on the gas extraction from the cells (cells) and the removal of the oil layer from the surface.

In this particular embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, there are 26 plates1,2,3Connected to a source of current such that the four plates are cathode plates1The two plates being anode plates2While the remaining plates are neutral plates3. Board1,2,3Is such that there are two sets of 13 plates1,2,3Arranged in the following specific order: negative plate15 neutral plates3Anode plate25 neutral plates3And a cathode plate1. Thus, each group includes an anode plate disposed in the middle of the group2Then a cathode plate is arranged on each side of the stack1And is always arranged on the anode plate2And a cathode plate1Five neutral plates in between3。

Separate plates1,2,3Separated from each other by rubber frames 77Substantially corresponding to the plate1,2,3The outer peripheral surface of (a). Frame structure7Each holding a pair of adjacent plates1,2,3Spaced apart to provide mutual insulation and which surrounds the plates1,2,3The space between them, thereby between the adjacent plates1,2,3Forming a closed/leak-proof cavity therebetween.

The reactor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 further comprises end pieces4Adapted to connect the plates of the above-mentioned group1,2,3And the frame are fixed in their mutual position. The fixation may be provided by a tension rod (not shown) which clamps the end members4To hold the board1,2,3And a frame7Tightly pressed against each other, preventing water and electrolyte from leaking from the chamber.

Plates in the above groups1,2,3In between, there is a fluid guide member14Comprising inlet channels for supplying water and electrolyte into the reactor5And an oxyhydrogen outlet channel for directing an oxyhydrogen-rich fluid from the reactor6。

End member4And a fluid guide member14Made of a waterproof and electrically insulating material, such as poly (methyl methacrylate).

As mentioned above, there are closed chambers, each of them being defined by a frame in the reactor7And two mutually adjacent plates1,2,3And (4) defining. The chambers are in fluid communication to allow free passage of liquid and gas therethrough. In this particular example, the plate1,2,3And a frame7Are provided with first through holes8For passing water together with the electrolyte from one chamber to the other. First through hole8Aligned with each other and with the fluid-guiding member14Inlet channel of5Are aligned to form a passage for water and electrolyte from the inlet5A conduit to each lumen. Frame structure7Having a first through-hole in fluid communication with the respective cavity8。

In addition, the board1,2,3And a frame7Is provided with a second through hole9For passing oxyhydrogen-rich liquid (water) from one chamber to another, or from a separate chamber towards an oxyhydrogen outlet channel6. Second through hole9Aligned with each other and with the fluid-guiding member14Hydrogen and oxygen outlet channel6Is aligned to form a conduit for the oxyhydrogen-rich liquid formed in the chamber and allow it to enter the oxyhydrogen outlet channel6. For this purpose, the frame7Having second through-holes also in fluid communication with respective chambers9。

Board1,2,3Or frame7First through hole in8And a second through hole9Is arranged on the board1,2,3Or frame7On diagonally opposite corners of the panel. However, other mutual arrangements are also possible. Preferably, the first through hole8Formed on a plate1,2,3Lower part of, second through hole9Formed on a plate1,2,3The upper part of (a).

Each anode plate2On the anode plate2Nearest cathode plate facing specific group1Is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets connected thereto10Permanent magnet10North side cathode facing plate1. In the featureIn certain embodiments, the anode plate2Plates located in said groups1,2,3Middle, permanent magnet of10Is arranged on each anode plate2On both sides of the base.

Also, each neutral plate3Facing the nearest cathode plate belonging to the specific group1That side, i.e. facing the cathode plate1Magnet of10Is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets10。

Magnet body10Number and size of and anode plate2And the purpose is to create a (as much as possible) uniform magnetic field over the whole area, fig. 3 shows an exemplary arrangement of magnets. Each permanent magnet10Attached to neutral plate3Or anode plate2Without touching any other plate1,2,3。

Preferably, the permanent magnet10Is a neodymium magnet, but any other type of material that provides a magnetic field may be used.

Permanent magnet10May be attached to the anode plate by glue or any other suitable means2And neutral plate3。

The preferred embodiment specified above can of course be varied in many ways without departing from the scope of the invention. Neutral plate in group3Can be varied, the above-mentioned specified groups of plates1,2,3Number of plates and1,2,3can be adjusted based on the desired output of the reactor. Frame structure7Has been described as a rubber frame, other materials may be used for the frame7。

In a second exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 5 and 6, the reactor is adapted to generate hydrogen (H)₂) Or in other words, to generate two separate gases, hydrogen and oxygen. In this embodiment, there are 26 plates1,2,3Attached to a current source such that the four plates are cathode plates1The two plates being anode plates2While the remaining plates are neutral plates3. Board1,2,3Is such that there are two sets of 13 plates1,2,3Arranged in the following specific order: negative plate15 neutral plates3Anode plate25 neutral plates3And a cathode plate1. Thus, each group includes an anode plate disposed in the middle of the group2Then a cathode plate is arranged on each side of the stack1And is always arranged on the anode plate2And a cathode plate1Five neutral plates in between3. Similarly, in adjacent panels1,2,3With a frame therebetween for enclosing the cavity7. In addition, to ensure separation of hydrogen from oxygen, in a separate plate1,2,3With a membrane in between11. Each film11Will be formed on a pair of adjacent plates1,2,3The cavity between is divided into two sub-cavities, one of which is along the plate1,2,3One extending along the plate and the other along the plate1,2,3The other of which extends. Film11Permeable only to hydrogen. Separate plates1,2,3By rubber frames7Separated from each other, rubber frames7Substantially corresponding to the plate1,2,3The outer peripheral surface of (a). In this embodiment, the frame7In two-part form, each membrane being11Held in the frame7Between the two portions. Other attachment means of the membrane are also possible.

The order of the individual components of the group is as follows: negative plate1First rubber frame7The first part of (2), the membrane11First rubber frame7Second part of (1), neutral plate3Second rubber frame7The first part of (2), the membrane11Second rubber frame7Second part of (1), neutral plate3Third rubber frame7The first part of (2), the membrane11Third rubber frame7As shown in fig. 5.

The reactor shown in fig. 5 and 6 also comprises end pieces4The end member4Adapted for joining the panels of the above-mentioned groups1,2,3Frame, and method of manufacturing the same7And a membrane11Fixed in their mutual position. The fixing may be provided by tension rods (not shown) which clamp the end members 4 to hold the plate1,2,3Frame, and method of manufacturing the same7And a membrane11Are pressed tightly against each other, thereby preventing water and electrolyte from flowing from the chamberAnd (4) leakage. End member4Itself also through the rubber frame7And a cathode plate1And (4) separating.

Plates in the above groups1,2,3In between, there is a fluid guide member14Comprising inlet channels for supplying water and electrolyte into the reactor5A hydrogen outlet channel for guiding the hydrogen-rich liquid from the reactor12And an oxygen outlet channel for guiding an oxygen-enriched liquid from the reactor13。

There are closed cavities, each of them being formed by a frame7Kneading board1,2Or3Is defined by the membrane in the reactor11And (4) separating. The chambers are in fluid communication to allow free passage of liquid and gas therethrough. In this particular example, the plate1,2,3And a frame7(two parts) and films11Are provided with first through holes8For passing water together with the electrolyte from one chamber to the other. First through hole8Aligned with each other and with the fluid-guiding member14Inlet channel of5Are aligned to form a passage for water and electrolyte from the inlet5A conduit to each lumen. The frame 7 (two parts) has a first through hole in fluid communication with the respective cavity8。

In addition, the board1,2,3Frame, and method of manufacturing the same7And a membrane11Each of which is provided with a second through-hole for the passage of oxygen (or more precisely an oxygen-enriched liquid)9And a third through hole for the passage of hydrogen (or more precisely a hydrogen-rich liquid)16. Second through hole9Are aligned with each other and with the fluid-guiding member14Oxygen outlet channel of13To form a conduit for the oxygen-enriched liquid formed in the cavity and to allow it to enter the outlet channel13And the third through hole16Are aligned with each other and with the fluid-guiding member14Is aligned to form a conduit for the hydrogen-rich liquid formed in the chamber and is allowed to enter the outlet channel12The channel of (2).

For this purpose, is arranged in the membrane11Near the anode plate2Each frame on that side of7Has a second through-hole in fluid communication with its respective cavity9And is provided on the film11On the other side (i.e. close to the cathode plate 1) of the cathode plate7Has a third through-hole in fluid communication with its respective chamber16。

In a preferred embodiment, the reactor is provided with cooling means, such as a fan, for maintaining the temperature of the electrolyte within the reactor below 35 ℃. Preferably, the reactor is provided with sensing means for monitoring the temperature of the electrolyte, the sensing means being connected to the control unit for controlling the cooling means on the basis of information provided by the sensing means.

Each anode plate2On the anode plate2One side of the cathode facing plate 1 is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets attached thereto10Permanent magnet10North side of (b) facing the corresponding set of nearest cathode plates1. Likewise, each neutral plate3Facing the closest anode plate belonging to the particular group2The side facing the cathode plate1Magnet of10Is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets on the north side10。

Preferably, the permanent magnet10Is a neodymium magnet, but any other type of material that provides a magnetic field may be used instead. Permanent magnet10May be attached to the anode plate by glue or any other suitable means2And neutral plate3。

Magnet body10Number and size of and anode plate2Is proportional to the size of the permanent magnet and, according to a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet10Has a disk shape with a diameter of 10mm and a thickness of 1mm, and is attached to the anode plate2Or neutral plate3So that their axes (or the axes on which the magnetic forces act) are perpendicular to the plate. Other types and sizes of magnets may also be used, for example magnets having a thickness of 0.5 mm.

Magnet body10The preferred number of can be counted according to equation 1 as follows:

wherein

Mn is a magnet10Number of (2)

a is a plate having a square shape measured in mm2,3The length/height of (a) of (b),

f is the magnetic field range measured in mm (this value can be obtained from the specification of the magnet, or an approximation can be simply measured by placing two magnets adjacent to each other, moving one magnet towards the other, and when the other magnet starts to move, measuring the exact distance between the two magnets, the measured distance (mm) is divided by 2, and the result is the magnetic field range F).

Md is the magnet diameter (mm).

Using the above formula and the description of the first or second embodiment, the calculation for the arrangement at the anode plate is as follows2On each side of and at the neutral plate3Permanent magnet of10The number of (a):

anode plate2Dimension a: 180mm x 180mm

Magnet body10Magnetic field range F: 7.5mm

Magnet body10Diameter Md of (2): 10mm

In this case, the permanent magnet10The optimal number of (c) would be 8 blocks (pcs).

Preferably, the magnets are arranged in such a way as to provide a substantially uniform magnetic field in the region between the plates.

When the permanent magnet10Is positioned on the anode plate2And their north sides always face the respective cathode plate1The magnetic field increases the gas generation, wherein this increase can be observed from the start of the operation of the reactor.

In the electrolysis of water, 2H₂Decomposition of O into 2H₂+O₂。

Taking into account water (2H)₂O), the oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 and the oxidation state of oxygen is-2.

Due to electrolysis, hydrogen gains electrons, on the other side, oxygen loses 2 electrons, and those electrons travel to the anode side. That is why the magnets on the anode side10The reason for these electrons will be accelerated, which will result in the generation of acceleration without increasing the power energy supplied. Thus, the electrons are accelerated and the efficiency of the reactor is increased.

Various electrolytes can be used, such as water and water with NaHCO₃(preferably 10% NaHCO)₃Aqueous solution of (d), acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate.

For example, when 10% NaHCO is used₃In aqueous solution, the ions having negative charges in the half reaction are:

2H₂O+2e^-＝H₂+2HO^-

the magnetic field also has a tremendous effect on sodium bicarbonate and since sodium bicarbonate is made up of sodium cations (Na)⁺) And bicarbonate anion (HCO)₃ ^-) Salts of the composition, permanent magnets10In Na⁺Provide force and improve its performance, and this force can be calculated using the following equation:

F＝qvB sinθ

force F

q is the charge on the particle

v-rate (the rate of ions can be obtained from the water pump pressure, length and time of the tubes in/out of the reactor)

B ═ magnetic field strength (tesla)

θ is the angle between the magnetic field vector and the velocity vector of the charged particle.

At different positions of the magnetic field, for a particularly preferred embodiment of the above reactor, the force can be calculated using this equation, where Na⁺The calculated force above is 800N to 820N, which means that the electrolysis process will of course be very efficient.

For example, sodium ion (Na)⁺) Moving at 0.851m/s, the magnetic field of all magnets has a strength of 0.245T (this factor can be obtained from the specification of the magnets or from the magnet measuring instrument "Gaussmeter"). The magnetic field pair comes from when the ions moveIons of different angles have an effect, in our example we will take 51.0 ° as the average angle during the movement of the sodium ions. The amount of water moving between the cells was about 100cm³，Na⁺Has a concentration of 3.00X 10²⁰Ion/cm³。

q (for Na)⁺)＝1.6×10^-19C

v＝0.851m/s

B is 0.254T (tesla)

θ＝51.0°

Thus, force/1 ion: f ═ 1.60 × 10^-19C)(0.851m/s)(0.254T)sin(51.0°)F＝2.69×10^-20N

Ion number N ═ 3.00 × 10²⁰Ion/cm³)(100cm³)N＝3.00×10²²Ion of a single crystal

Therefore, the total force F is (2.69 × 10)^-20N/1 ion) (3.00X 10²²One ion)

807 newtons

Comparative measurements were performed using the first exemplary embodiment of the reactor described above for hydrogen and oxygen generation (using permanent magnets arranged and without any permanent magnets), where the electrolyte was made from 10% NaHCO₃And (4) forming an aqueous solution.

Power consumption using magnets:

DC voltage: 17V to 18V

DC amplification: 18A to 20A

Gas generation: 8 liters/minute

Power consumption without using magnets:

DC voltage: 28V

DC amplification: 40A

Gas generated: 2 to 3 liters/min

The above measurements show that the production of hydrogen and oxygen is significantly higher in a reactor with magnets, whereas the power (voltage, current) provided for the same reactor is much lower.

The functionality and effectiveness of the reactor according to the invention is tested and approved by authorities (institute of general and physicochemical research, belleville, selvia). Furthermore, the reactor was found to be environmentally friendly, not generating any waste.

The reactor described above may have outlet(s) for gas connected via piping to other means for cleaning and/or drying the gas as known in the art.

While a number of exemplary embodiments are described above, other possible alternatives to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described exemplary embodiments, but is defined by the appended claims.