阅读说明：本技术 开关装置、高压断路器和用于运行开关装置的方法 (Switching device, high-voltage circuit breaker and method for operating a switching device ) 是由 T.希尔克 于 2020-02-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于高压断路器的开关装置(1),其具有至少两个开关(2a、2b、2c),用于通过监控系统(4)确定开关装置的设备(3a、3b、3c)的状态。至少两个开关(2a、2b、2c)在串联电路中和/或在并联电路中相互连接,并且可以与监控系统(4)的刚好一个输入端连接。根据本发明的高压断路器包括开关装置(1)和监控系统(4),该监控系统是和/或包括数据采集单元和/或数据处理单元和/或数据存储单元和/或数据传输单元,尤其具有数模转换器和/或模数转换器。根据本发明的用于运行开关装置(1)的方法包括：至少两个开关(2a、2b、2c)在串联电路中和/或在并联电路中通过输入端、尤其通过监控系统(4)的刚好一个输入端以电气参量、尤其是电压的形式转发设备(3a、3b、3c)的状态。(The invention relates to a switching device (1) for a high-voltage circuit breaker, comprising at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) for determining the state of a device (3a, 3b, 3c) of the switching device by means of a monitoring system (4). At least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) are connected to each other in a series circuit and/or in a parallel circuit and can be connected to exactly one input of the monitoring system (4). The high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention comprises a switching device (1) and a monitoring system (4), which is and/or comprises a data acquisition unit and/or a data processing unit and/or a data storage unit and/or a data transmission unit, in particular with a digital-to-analog converter and/or an analog-to-digital converter. The method according to the invention for operating a switching device (1) comprises: at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) relay the state of the device (3a, 3b, 3c) in the form of an electrical variable, in particular a voltage, in a series circuit and/or in a parallel circuit via an input, in particular via exactly one input of the monitoring system (4).)

1. A switching device (1) for a high-voltage circuit breaker, having at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) for determining the state of an apparatus (3a, 3b, 3c) of the switching device by means of a monitoring system (4), characterized in that the at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) are connected to each other in a series circuit and/or in a parallel circuit and can be connected to exactly one input of the monitoring system (4).

2. The switching device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) are each an auxiliary switch reflecting the state of the respective apparatus (3a, 3b, 3c), in particular the state of the respective interrupter unit (5a, 5b, 5 c).

3. The switching device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) are each operable by a respective apparatus (3a, 3b, 3c), in particular a mechanical connection element (7a, 7b, 7c), in particular an element of a kinematic chain, of a respective interrupter unit (5a, 5b, 5 c).

4. Switching device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) are each a motor end position switch reflecting the state of a respective auxiliary spring (6a, 6b, 6c) for the drive of the interrupter unit (5a, 5b, 5 c).

5. The switching device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) are each assigned a motor (8a, 8b, 8c) for tensioning an auxiliary spring (6a, 6b, 6c) by means of a tensioning wheel (9a, 9b, 9c), wherein the respective switch (2a, 2b, 2c) can be triggered by a cam (10a, 10b, 10c) on the tensioning wheel (9a, 9b, 9c), in particular by a cam (10a or 10b or 10c) and/or a recess (11a, 11b, 11c) in the tensioning wheel (9a, 9b, 9c), in particular by a recess (11a or 11b or 11c) in the periphery in which the tensioning wheel (9a, 9b, 9c) is arranged.

6. Switching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (1) comprises exactly three switches (2a, 2b, 2c), in particular one switch (2a, 2b, 2c) per pole of a high voltage circuit breaker, wherein each switch (2a, 2b, 2c) is assigned a chopper unit (5a, 5b, 5c) and/or an auxiliary spring (6a, 6b, 6c) and/or a motor (8a, 8b, 8c) for tensioning the auxiliary spring (6a, 6b, 6c), respectively.

7. The switching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one relay and/or contactor (19) is configured to switch between a series circuit and a parallel circuit of at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c), in particular by switching normally open and/or normally closed contacts (13, 14, 16, 17, 18).

8. High voltage circuit breaker with a switching device (1), in particular with a switching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a monitoring system (4) and is and/or comprises a data acquisition unit and/or a data processing unit and/or a data storage unit and/or a data transmission unit, in particular with a digital-to-analog converter and/or an analog-to-digital converter.

9. The high-voltage circuit breaker as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the monitoring system (4) comprises more than one electrical and/or optical input, in particular five inputs, and that at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c), in particular a series circuit and/or a parallel circuit of three switches (2a, 2b, 2c), are connected to one of the inputs.

10. The high-voltage circuit breaker as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized by comprising a sensor, in particular for monitoring the high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular for measuring temperature, humidity, pressure, current/voltage, resistance and/or radiation, which is connected to an input of the monitoring system (4).

11. Method for operating a switching device (1) for a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular a switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) reflect the state of a device (3a, 3b, 3c) of the switching device (1) and in a series circuit and/or in a parallel circuit the state is forwarded in the form of an electrical variable, in particular a voltage, via an input, in particular via exactly one input of a monitoring system (4).

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) are associated as an "or" association by a parallel circuit and/or at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) are associated as an "and" association by a series circuit.

13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) as end position switches reflect the state of an auxiliary spring (6a, 6b, 6c) as a drive for the interrupter unit (5a, 5b, 5c), respectively, and/or in the case of parallel circuits as an "or" connection, a voltage is applied to the input of the monitoring system (4) until all the auxiliary springs (6a, 6b, 6c) are tensioned, and/or in the case of a series circuit as an "and" connection, a voltage is applied to the input of the monitoring system (4) until the at least one auxiliary spring (6a, 6b, 6c) is tensioned, and/or the connection of at least two switches (2a, 2b, 2c) is switched between the series circuit and the parallel circuit, in particular by means of a relay (19), in particular as a function of the actuation of the high-voltage circuit breaker.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a switching device for a high-voltage circuit breaker, a high-voltage circuit breaker and a method for operating a switching device, wherein the switching device comprises at least one switch for determining a state of a device of the switching device by means of a monitoring system.

Background

High-voltage circuit breakers are usually switched in three phases, wherein three current paths are closed or opened simultaneously via three poles by three interrupter units (one interrupter unit for each pole) acting in parallel, wherein voltages of up to 1200kV and/or currents of up to several hundred amperes can be switched per phase. In order to be able to switch three phases simultaneously, there are two forms of construction of high-voltage circuit breakers. In a first embodiment, a common drive, in particular a spring-loaded drive, is mechanically connected to the three interrupter units. A high-voltage circuit breaker for switching three phases with a drive is known, for example, from DE 102010011198 a 1.

In a second embodiment, each interrupter unit is moved by its own drive, in particular by a spring-loaded drive. Each of these spring-loaded drivers and/or interrupter units has a motor end switch and/or auxiliary switch that reflects the state of the mechanical auxiliary spring and/or the respective interrupter unit and thus indicates a preparation for an "on" switch action and/or generates information about whether the respective interrupter unit is closed or open.

If the "on" switch readiness is to be monitored by the monitoring system, three motor end switches must be queried. For this purpose, each motor end switch is electrically connected to a, in particular digital, input of the monitoring system. The logical association is performed in the monitoring system.

In order to detect the state of the interrupter unit of a high-voltage circuit breaker by means of a monitoring system, the three inputs of the monitoring system must be electrically connected to the auxiliary switch contacts or switches, respectively. The evaluation or correlation of the information at the input takes place in the monitoring system. Thus, in both cases, i.e. in case of an "on" switch readiness of the acquisition aid spring or of the acquisition of the state of the interrupter unit, at least three electrical inputs of the monitoring system are required. In the acquisition of the "on" switch readiness of the auxiliary spring and the acquisition of the state of the interrupter units independently of one another, even six electrical inputs of the monitoring system are required. For cost reasons, however, currently used monitoring systems usually have only five inputs, for example a Sensbox as data acquisition unit and/or data processing unit and/or data storage unit and/or data transmission unit.

Monitoring the state of the high-voltage circuit breaker additionally comprises sensors, for example for measuring temperature, humidity, pressure, vibration, current/voltage state and/or resistance, for example for measuring contamination of the surface of the insulation. The sensors are also electrically connected to the monitoring system and typically require separate inputs, respectively. Using more than one monitoring system, for example in the form of two or more sensboxes, increases cost and space consumption as well as overhead. The development and use of a monitoring system with additional inputs likewise increases costs and expenses and reduces the savings resulting from the scaling effects associated with the number of pieces manufactured for the respective monitoring system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is based on the object of specifying a switching device for a high-voltage circuit breaker, a high-voltage circuit breaker having a switching device and a method for operating a switching device, which solve the above-described problems. The object is achieved, inter alia, by a simple and inexpensive monitoring of the state of a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular with only one input of a monitoring system for a plurality of poles.

The technical problem addressed is solved according to the invention by a switching device for a high-voltage circuit breaker having the features according to claim 1, a high-voltage circuit breaker having the features according to claim 8, in particular a switching device described above, and/or by a method for operating a switching device for a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular a switching device described above, according to claim 11. Advantageous embodiments of the switching device according to the invention for a high-voltage circuit breaker and/or of the high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention with a switching device, in particular with a switching device as described above, and/or of the method according to the invention for operating a switching device for a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular with a switching device as described above, are specified in the dependent claims. The subject matter of the independent claims can be combined with one another and with the features of the dependent claims, and the features of the dependent claims can be combined with one another.

The switching device for a high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention comprises at least two switches for determining the state of the equipment of the switching device by means of a monitoring system. At least two switches are connected to each other in a series circuit and/or in a parallel circuit and can be connected to exactly one input of the monitoring system.

Thus, a signal processing of at least two switches is already performed by the switching device and only one of the inputs of the monitoring system is required. Other inputs can be used, for example, for sensors for measuring, in particular, the temperature, humidity, pressure, vibration, current/voltage states and/or resistances and other state variables of the high-voltage circuit breaker. This saves costs and expenditure and enables optimal use of the monitoring system, in particular for a plurality of poles.

The at least two switches may each be an auxiliary switch, which reflects the state of the respective device, in particular the state of the respective interrupter unit. Thus, a plurality of devices of the high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular interrupter units of different poles, can be monitored by only one input of a monitoring system, for example a Sensbox, which has the advantages described above.

At least two switches can each be operated by a mechanical connecting element, in particular an element of a kinematic chain, of a respective device, in particular of a respective interrupter unit. Thus, one interrupter unit can be monitored with one switch and a second interrupter unit can be monitored simultaneously with a second switch, and so on, using only one input of the monitoring system.

The at least two switches may each be a motor end position switch reflecting the state of a respective auxiliary spring for the drive of the interrupter unit. In the case of a completely tensioned auxiliary spring, in particular of all auxiliary springs, a signal can be applied to the input of the monitoring system, which signal can unambiguously indicate the state. The high-voltage circuit breaker can thus be completely ready for use and can be switched for all poles, in particular with an off-on-off switching sequence.

The motor for tensioning the auxiliary spring by the tensioning wheel can be assigned to each of the at least two switches, wherein the respective switch can be triggered by a cam on the tensioning wheel, in particular by a cam, and/or by a recess in the tensioning wheel, in particular by a recess in the periphery of the tensioning wheel. When the tensioning wheel rotates, the cam triggers the actuation of the switch, which in particular in the region of the cam results in the switch being switched on. When the tensioning wheel with the depression rotates, the depression triggers the operation of the switch, which in particular leads to the switch being opened. In this way, unambiguous information about the state of the auxiliary spring (i.e. fully tensioned or not fully tensioned) and thus about the high-voltage circuit breaker or its drive and/or the interrupter unit is provided in a simple, inexpensive and reliable manner.

The switching device may comprise exactly three switches (in particular one switch per pole of the high-voltage circuit breaker), wherein each switch is assigned an interrupter unit and/or an auxiliary spring and/or a motor for tensioning the auxiliary spring. In this way, for a high-voltage circuit breaker for switching three poles, the state, in particular the readiness for switching for all three poles, can be detected simply and inexpensively by means of one input of the monitoring system.

The at least one relay and/or contactor may be designed to switch between a series circuit and a parallel circuit of at least two switches, in particular by means of a switch normally open contact and/or normally closed contact. The series connection of at least two switches corresponds to an "and" association, so that, for example, the state of at least one open interrupter unit and/or the state of at least one not fully tensioned auxiliary spring, which corresponds to a switch not fully ready for use, can be detected. The parallel connection of at least two switches corresponds to an "or" association, so that, for example, the state of a high-voltage circuit breaker which is completely open, i.e. is opened with all interrupter units, and/or the state of all fully tensioned auxiliary springs can be detected, which corresponds to a switch which is completely ready for use. Switching between the series circuit and the parallel circuit of at least two switches enables detection and thus differentiation of at least one and all open interrupter units and/or at least one not fully tensioned auxiliary spring and a fully tensioned state of all auxiliary springs. Thus, with the switching device according to the invention, a plurality of states of the high-voltage circuit breaker can be determined or detected clearly, simply and cost-effectively by means of only one input of the monitoring system.

The high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention may comprise a switching device, in particular the switching device described above, with a monitoring system (which may be and/or may comprise a data acquisition unit and/or a data processing unit and/or a data storage unit and/or a data transmission unit), in particular with a digital-to-analog converter and/or an analog-to-digital converter. Thus, a simple and inexpensive remote maintenance and/or control of the high-voltage circuit breaker, for example by means of a monitoring system, is possible and/or the state can be easily and inexpensively stored (in particular only a small memory requirement per state change is required) and/or read off, in particular remotely, at the time of maintenance, for example by means of a handheld device (for example a mobile phone, a laptop or a tablet).

The monitoring system may comprise more than one electrical and/or optical input, in particular five inputs, and a series circuit and/or a parallel circuit of at least two switches, in particular three switches, may be connected to one of the inputs. In this way, the state of the high-voltage circuit breaker can be detected or monitored with only one monitoring system, in particular with only one Sensbox, and a number of free inputs, in particular four free inputs, to which further sensors can be connected as described above, remain.

Sensors, in particular for monitoring the state of the high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular for measuring temperature, humidity, pressure, current/voltage, resistance and/or radiation, can be included, which are connected to the input of the monitoring system. Thus, five inputs, in particular three analog inputs and two digital inputs, can be provided, wherein the switching device according to the invention can be connected, for example, to a digital input, and the sensor can be connected to an analog input and a further digital input. Thus, a series of measured variables and states can be processed, recorded and/or transmitted with minimal overhead, in particular with only one Sensbox.

The method according to the invention for operating a switching device for a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular the switching device described above, comprises: the at least two switches reflect the state of the device of the switching device and forward the state in the form of an electrical variable, in particular a voltage, in the series circuit and/or in the parallel circuit via an input, in particular via precisely one input of the monitoring system.

At least two switches may be associated by a parallel circuit as an "or" association and/or at least two switches may be associated by a series circuit as an "and" association.

At least two switches may reflect a state as an auxiliary spring for an actuator of the interrupter unit, respectively, as end position switches. In the case of at least two switches as an "or" associated parallel circuit, a voltage can be applied to the input of the monitoring system until all the auxiliary springs are tensioned. In the case of at least two switches as an "and" associated series circuit, a voltage can be applied to the input of the monitoring system until at least one auxiliary spring is tensioned. The connection of the at least two switches can be switched between the series circuit and the parallel circuit, in particular by a relay, in particular as a function of the actuation of the high-voltage circuit breaker.

The advantages of the method according to the invention for operating a switching device for a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular a switching device as described above, according to claim 11, and/or the advantages of a high-voltage circuit breaker with a switching device, in particular a switching device as described above, according to claim 8, are similar to the advantages described above of the switching device for a high-voltage circuit breaker according to claim 1, and vice versa.

Drawings

Subsequently, an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown in fig. 1 to 7, and is subsequently described in detail.

Herein, in the drawings:

fig. 1 schematically shows a switching device 1 for a high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention with three switches 2a, 2b, 2c connected in series for determining the state of the equipment 3a, 3b, 3c of the switching device 1 by means of a monitoring system 4; and is

Fig. 2 schematically shows a switching device 1 according to the invention with three switches 2a, 2b, 2c connected in series for determining the state of the auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c by means of motor end switch contacts, which switches can be operated by means of a tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9c with cams 10a, 10b, 10 c; and is

Fig. 3 schematically shows a switching device 1 according to the invention, similar to the switching device of fig. 2, with three switches 2a, 2b, 2c in series, wherein the tensioning wheels 9a, 9b, 9c have recesses 11a, 11b, 11c instead of cams 10a, 10b, 10 c; and is

Fig. 4 schematically shows a switching device 1 according to the invention for a high-voltage circuit breaker, similar to the switching device 1 of fig. 1, however, with three switches 2a, 2b, 2c in a parallel circuit; and is

Fig. 5 schematically shows a switching device 1 according to the invention which is similar to the switching device 1 of fig. 2, however, with three switches 2a, 2b, 2c in a parallel circuit; and is

Fig. 6 schematically shows a switching device 1 according to the invention which is similar to the switching device 1 of fig. 3, however, which has three switches 2a, 2b, 2c in a parallel circuit; and is

Fig. 7 schematically shows a switching device 1 according to the invention for a high-voltage circuit breaker with three switches 2a, 2b, 2c, wherein switching between a series circuit and a parallel circuit is effected via normally open contacts 13, 14.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 schematically shows a switching device 1 according to the invention for a high-voltage circuit breaker, having three switches 2a, 2b, 2c connected in series for determining the state of the devices 3a, 3b, 3c of the switching device 1 by means of a monitoring system 4. The series circuit is connected to one input of a monitoring system 4, for example a Sensbox with 5 inputs, which is designed, for example, as a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a data storage unit and/or a data transmission unit. The three switches 2a, 2b, 2c are connected, for example, with associated auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c and/or interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c as devices 3a, 3b, 3c, respectively, the state of which can be determined by the switching device 1. In particular mechanically connected by means of a mechanical connection element 7a, 7b, 7c, which is or comprises an element of a kinematic chain of a high-voltage circuit breaker, for example, and is configured such that the associated switch 2a, 2b, 2c is operated upon a change of state of the respective auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c and/or of the interrupter unit 5a, 5b, 5c as the device 3a, 3b, 3 c.

For example, the three switches 2a, 2b, 2c as auxiliary switch contacts are electrically connected in such a way that the state of the three auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c and/or the interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c of the high-voltage circuit breaker can be summarized and can be detected by one, in particular exactly one, for example digital input of the monitoring system 4.

In fig. 1, three switches 2a, 2b, 2c are connected in series and electrically connected to the input of the monitoring system 4. If the interrupter unit 5a, 5b, 5c is closed by a mechanical drive (for example, configured in the form of an auxiliary spring 2a, 2b, 2c), the switch 2a, 2b, 2c is closed by a mechanical connecting element 7a, 7b, 7 c. At the input of the monitoring system 4 a voltage is applied which represents the closed state of all interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c and thus of the high voltage circuit breakers. If at least one interrupter unit 5a, 5b, 5c is open, the corresponding switch 2a, 2b, 2c is also open. Due to the series connection of the switches 2a, 2b, 2c and the and connection thereto, no voltage is applied at the input of the monitoring system 4. Thus indicating the status of at least one open interrupter unit 5a, 5b, 5 c.

Fig. 2 shows schematically a switching device 1 according to the invention for a high-voltage circuit breaker with three switches 2a, 2b, 2c connected in series for determining the state of an auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c and/or the state of a motor 8a, 8b, 8c for tensioning the auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c by means of a monitoring system 4. Analogously to fig. 1, the series circuit is connected to one input of a monitoring system 4, wherein the monitoring system 4 is, for example, a Sensbox having 5 inputs, which is, for example, designed as a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a data storage unit and/or a data transmission unit.

The three switches 2a, 2b, 2c are designed as or are comprised by motor end switch contacts, for example. The motors 8a, 8b, 8c are designed to tension the auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c by means of mechanical elements, in particular transmission components and/or elements of the kinematic chain (which comprise the tensioning pulleys 9a, 9b, 9 c). In fig. 2, the tensioning wheels 9a, 9b, 9c have cams 10a, 10b, 10c, for example in the form of projections, on the periphery of the respective tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9c, which, in particular when the end position of the respective motor 8a, 8b, 8c is reached, operate the respective switch 2a, 2b, 2c when the assigned auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c is fully tensioned. In fig. 3, the tensioning wheels 9a, 9b, 9c have, instead of the cams 10a, 10b, 10c, recesses 11a, 11b, 11c, for example in the form of recesses, on the periphery of the respective tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9c, which, in particular when the end position of the respective motor 8a, 8b, 8c is reached, operate the respective switch 2a, 2b, 2c when the assigned auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c is fully tensioned.

The three switches 2a, 2b, 2c, which are designed in particular as motor-side switch contacts, are electrically connected in such a way that the state of the three auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c of the high-voltage circuit breaker is summarized and can be detected by one, in particular exactly one, for example digital input of the monitoring system 4.

In the embodiment of fig. 2, the position of the respective auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c is indicated by a cam 10a, 10b, 10c on the assigned tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9 c. The switches 2a, 2b, 2c, for example in the form of motor end switch contacts, are designed as normally open contacts connected in series. In this configuration, the voltage is applied only to the monitoring system 4 or to the input of the monitoring system 4 until one of the three auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c is tensioned and the current path is thus broken.

In the embodiment of fig. 3, the state of each individual auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c is monitored by means of the switches 2a, 2b, 2 c. In an embodiment, if only one of the three auxiliary springs 2a, 2b, 2c is fully tensioned, information about only one fully tensioned pole of the high voltage circuit breaker is performed. The switches 2a, 2b, 2c are implemented as normally closed contacts and are connected in series and thus represent an "and" association. The series circuit is electrically connected to an input of the monitoring system 4. When the auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c are not fully tensioned, the respective switch 2a, 2b, 2c is operated by the periphery of the tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9c and the current path is closed by the respective switch 2a, 2b, 2 c. A voltage is applied at the input of the monitoring system 4 until the current path is interrupted. If one of the auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c is tensioned, the switch 2a, 2b, 2c or the end position switch falls into the corresponding recess 11a, 11b, 11c in the tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9c and the operation of the switch 2a, 2b, 2c is thus cancelled, the current path is broken. If the current path of only one switch 2a, 2b, 2c is interrupted, the and association is interrupted and no voltage is applied on the input of the monitoring system 4.

Fig. 4 shows schematically a switching device 1 according to the invention for a high-voltage circuit breaker, having three switches 2a, 2b, 2c in a parallel circuit for determining the state of the devices 3a, 3b, 3c of the switching device 1 by means of a monitoring system 4. The parallel circuit is connected to one input of a monitoring system 4, wherein the monitoring system 4 is, for example, a Sensbox having 5 inputs, which is, for example, designed as a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a data storage unit and/or a data transmission unit. The three switches 2a, 2b, 2c are connected, for example, with associated auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c and/or interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c as devices 3a, 3b, 3c, respectively, the state of which can be determined by the switching device 1. In particular mechanically connected by means of a mechanical connection element 7a, 7b, 7c, which is or comprises an element of a kinematic chain of a high-voltage circuit breaker, for example, and is configured such that the associated switch 2a, 2b, 2c is operated upon a change of state of the respective auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c and/or of the interrupter unit 5a, 5b, 5c as the device 3a, 3b, 3 c.

For example, the three switches 2a, 2b, 2c as auxiliary switch contacts are electrically connected in such a way that the state of the three auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c and/or the interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c of the high-voltage circuit breaker can be summarized and can be detected by one, in particular exactly one, for example digital input of the monitoring system 4.

In fig. 4, three switches 2a, 2b, 2c are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the input of the monitoring system 4. If the interrupter unit 5a, 5b, 5c is closed by a mechanical drive (for example, configured in the form of an auxiliary spring 2a, 2b, 2c), the switch 2a, 2b, 2c is closed by a mechanical connecting element 7a, 7b, 7 c. A voltage representing the closed state of at least one of the three interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c is applied at an input of the monitoring system 4. If all chopper units 5a, 5b, 5c are open, all switches 2a, 2b, 2c are also open. Due to the parallel connection of the switches 2a, 2b, 2c and the or connection to them, no voltage is now applied to the input of the monitoring system 4. Thus indicating the state of a fully open high voltage circuit breaker.

Fig. 5 shows schematically a switching device 1 according to the invention for a high-voltage circuit breaker with three switches 2a, 2b, 2c in a parallel circuit for determining the state of the auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c and/or the state of the motors 8a, 8b, 8c for tensioning the auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c by means of a monitoring system 4. Similarly to fig. 4, the parallel circuit is connected to one input of a monitoring system 4, for example a Sensbox with 5 inputs, which is designed, for example, as a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a data storage unit and/or a data transmission unit.

The three switches 2a, 2b, 2c are designed as or are comprised by motor end switch contacts, for example. The motors 8a, 8b, 8c are designed to tension the auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c by means of mechanical elements, in particular transmission components and/or elements of the kinematic chain (which comprise the tensioning pulleys 9a, 9b, 9 c). In fig. 5, the tensioning wheels 9a, 9b, 9c have cams 10a, 10b, 10c, for example in the form of projections, on the periphery of the respective tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9c, similar to fig. 2, which, in particular when the end position of the respective motor 8a, 8b, 8c is reached, operate the respective switch 2a, 2b, 2c when the assigned auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c is fully tensioned. In fig. 6, in a manner similar to fig. 3, the tensioning wheels 9a, 9b, 9c have, instead of the cams 10a, 10b, 10c, recesses 11a, 11b, 11c, for example in the form of recesses, on the periphery of the respective tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9c, which, in particular when the end position of the respective motor 8a, 8b, 8c is reached, operate the respective switch 2a, 2b, 2c when the assigned auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c is fully tensioned.

The three switches 2a, 2b, 2c, which are designed in particular as motor-side switch contacts, are electrically connected in such a way that the state of the three auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c of the high-voltage circuit breaker is summarized and can be detected by one, in particular exactly one, for example digital input of the monitoring system 4.

In the embodiment of fig. 5, the position of the respective auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c is indicated by a cam 10a, 10b, 10c on the assigned tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9 c. The switches 2a, 2b, 2c, for example in the form of motor end switch contacts, are constructed as normally open contacts connected or interconnected in a parallel circuit. In this configuration, the voltage is applied only to the monitoring system 4 or to the input of the monitoring system 4 until the last of the three auxiliary springs 6a, 6b, 6c is tensioned and the current path is thus broken.

In the embodiment of fig. 6, if only one of the three auxiliary springs 2a, 2b, 2c is not fully tensioned, information about the high voltage circuit breaker which is not fully tensioned and therefore not ready for switching is performed. The state of each individual auxiliary spring 2a, 2b, 2c is monitored by means of a switch 2a, 2b, 2 c. The switches 2a, 2b, 2c are embodied as normally closed contacts and are connected in parallel with one another and thus represent an "or" association. The parallel circuit is electrically connected to one, in particular exactly one, for example digital, input of the monitoring system 4. When the auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c is not fully tensioned, the respective switch 2a, 2b, 2c is operated by the periphery of the tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9c and the current path is closed by the respective switch 2a, 2b, 2c or the end switch. A voltage is applied to the input of the monitoring system 4. If the auxiliary spring 6a, 6b, 6c is tensioned, the switch 2a, 2b, 2c falls into a recess on the periphery of the respective tensioning wheel 9a, 9b, 9c and thus the operation of the switch 2a, 2b, 2c is cancelled, the current path is broken. If the current path of each switch 2a, 2b, 2c is interrupted, the or-connection is interrupted and no voltage is applied at the input of the monitoring system 4.

In order to draw universally valid conclusions about the state of the high-voltage circuit breaker or to identify errors in a desired switching action with only one input of the monitoring system 4, it is necessary to switch between the series circuit and the parallel circuit of the switches 2a, 2b, 2c depending on the current switching action. Fig. 7 shows a corresponding switching device 1 according to the invention, which enables switching between a series circuit and a parallel circuit of switches 2a, 2b, 2 c. For this purpose, contactors and/or relays 19 are used. The contactor 19 is connected in parallel with the "on" triggers 12a, 12b, 12c of the driver. The parallel circuit can be interrupted by the normally open contact 17 of the contactor 19.

Further, the respective normally closed contacts of the switches 2a, 2b, 2c of the three drivers are connected in parallel. The resulting network is supplemented by the normally open contacts 13 and 14 of the contactor 19, so that the parallel circuit of the switches 2a, 2b, 2c can be interrupted and thus become a series circuit.

The further normally closed contacts 16 of the contactor 19 form a series circuit with the "open" operated normally open contacts 18 and with the parallel circuit formed by the respective further auxiliary switch normally closed contacts of the three phases 15a, 15b, 15 c. This series circuit connects the contactor 19 with the power supply voltage when one of the three designated auxiliary switch normally closed contacts 15a, 15b, 15c and the normally closed contact 16 of the contactor 19 are closed.

In the open state of the high voltage circuit breaker, all normally closed contacts of the three switches 2a, 2b, 2c representing the state of the interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c of the high voltage circuit breaker are normally open. In order to be able to clearly determine this state, the three switches 2a, 2b, 2c must be connected in parallel. The parallel circuit is realized by the closed normally open contacts 13 and 14 of the contactor 19. In the "on" operation of the high voltage circuit breaker, the "on" trigger 12a, 12b, 12c is charged with voltage and the interrupter unit 5a, 5b, 5c is closed. Since the normally open contact 17 of the contactor 19 is closed, the contactor 19 is also supplied with voltage. Thereby, the contactor 19 rises (anziehen) and closes the normally closed contact 16, which supplies the contactor 19 with voltage through the series connection of the normally closed contacts connected in parallel with the auxiliary switches 15a, 15b, 15c, since the normally closed contacts of the auxiliary switches 15a, 15b, 15c are closed. The contactor 19 itself remains unchanged even if the voltage pulse for "switching on" the trigger is omitted. Furthermore, the operated contactor 19 opens its normally open contacts 13 and 14, whereby the normally closed contacts of the switches 2a, 2b, 2c are connected in series. It can hereby be clearly determined that each of the three switches 2a, 2b, 2c representing the state of the interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c of the high voltage circuit breaker is closed.

In a subsequent "open" operation, the self-holding of the contactor 19 is released by the normally open contact 18 of the "open" operation or by the parallel circuit connected in series with the normally closed contacts of the auxiliary switches 15a, 15b, 15 c. Thereby, the contactor 19 descends. The normally open contacts 13, 14 thereof are closed and the series circuit of the normally closed contacts of the three switches 2a, 2b, 2c representing the state of the interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c of the high voltage circuit breaker becomes a parallel circuit. If the interrupter unit 5a, 5b, 5c is not switched on, the contactor 19 is still raised and remains unchanged itself, since at least one of the other two parallel-connected auxiliary switch contacts 15a, 15b, 15c is closed. The parallel circuit of the three switches 2a, 2b, 2c representing the state of the interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c of the high voltage circuit breaker thus becomes a series circuit. However, the series circuit does not conduct any voltage to the input of the monitoring system 4, since it is interrupted by the open switches 2a, 2b, 2c of the non-operating interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5 c.

The monitoring system 4 thus indicates an "on" command, but does not determine the corresponding signal on the input. And thus an error may be output.

If the interrupter unit 5a, 5b, 5c is not opened, the self-holding of the contactor 19 is still interrupted and it is still descending, since the normally open contacts 18 of the "open" operation open the current path. The series circuit of the three switches 2a, 2b, 2c representing the state of the interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c of the high voltage circuit breaker thus becomes a parallel circuit. The parallel circuit conducts the voltage to the input of the monitoring system 4, since it is closed by the closed switches 2a, 2b, 2c of the interrupter units 5a, 5b, 5c which are not operating.

The monitoring system 4 therefore indicates an "off" command, but does not determine a missing signal on the input. And thus an error may be output.

In high-voltage circuit breakers, it is known from the prior art to electrically connect each end switch to each input of a monitoring system. Thus, three inputs of the monitoring system are occupied and the actual signal interpretation is carried out in the monitoring system.

Alternatively, the switching device 1 according to the invention, as described above, results in that part of the signal interpretation, i.e. the association, for example in the form of an "and" or ", is realized in particular switchably between" and "or" by the wiring or connection of the end switches or switches 2a, 2b, 2 c. Thereby reducing the number of required inputs on the monitoring system and the inputs remain idle. The free input can be used for other tasks, in particular for connecting sensors, such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, current sensors and/or voltage sensors.

In the case of a monitoring system in the form of a Sensbox, two digital inputs and three analog inputs are provided. Only one input, in particular one digital input, has to be connected to the switching device described above, whereby only one monitoring system is required to monitor the state of the interrupter unit and/or the drive, in particular the auxiliary spring, and/or the motor, in particular the tensioning motor, of the respective interrupter unit. In particular, the four free inputs of the monitoring system can be used for further tasks, which saves costs and expenditure. When using a Sensbox according to the prior art, with too few two digital inputs to monitor three end switches, two sensboxes or monitoring systems would be necessary, which would be associated with more overhead and higher costs.

The embodiments described above may be combined with each other and/or with the prior art. Thus, the high voltage circuit breaker may for example comprise one, two, three or more interrupter units and/or may for example comprise one, two, three or more auxiliary springs and/or drive motors, in particular for tensioning the auxiliary springs, all of which are monitored in particular by the switching device according to the invention in combination with the monitoring system. Instead of or in addition to the interrupter unit, the auxiliary spring and/or the drive motor, other devices can be used whose state can be determined or monitored with or without the switching device according to the invention. Thus, the arrester, disconnector, grounding device and/or vacuum line as well as the contacts with rated and/or arcing contacts can be used, for example, as devices whose state is determined at the input of the monitoring system by means of the switching device according to the invention, which are contained in particular in high-voltage circuit breakers or high-voltage switching devices.

The device, the state of which can be determined by the switching device, for example an auxiliary spring, a motor and/or an interrupter unit, is mechanically connected to a switch for determining the state of the device, in particular by a mechanical connecting element, for example an element comprising a kinematic chain. Alternatively or additionally, the connection can also be made electrically, electronically or by data transmission, in particular optically. The actuation of the respective switch can in this case take place in particular electrically, electromagnetically and/or mechanically, for example after the transmission and/or conversion of a signal of the assigned device, the state of which can be determined by the switching device.

It is also possible to use one, two or more switching devices according to the invention, for example two switching devices according to the invention on two digital inputs of a monitoring system. Thus, for example, a plurality of devices of the same type or of different types, for example separator and interrupter units, can be monitored independently of one another. It is also possible to monitor a plurality of high-voltage circuit breakers and/or other high-voltage devices, for example on a switchgear panel having one or more switchgear assemblies according to the invention. Alternatively or additionally, additional sensors can be monitored, in particular by a monitoring system, in conjunction with the switching device according to the invention. The circuit of the switching device can also be changed, for example, in a manner supplemented by further switches for further tasks, or instead of using switches, components, in particular semiconductor components, such as transistors, or integrated circuits can be used.

List of reference numerals

1 switching device

2a, 2b, 2c switch for determining the state of a device of a switching installation

3a, 3b, 3c switching device arrangement

4 monitoring system

5a, 5b, 5c interrupter unit

6a, 6b, 6c assist spring

7a, 7b, 7c mechanical connection element, in particular element of a kinematic chain

8a, 8b, 8c motor for tensioning auxiliary spring

9a, 9b, 9c tensioning wheel

10a, 10b, 10c tensioning sheave cam

11a, 11b, 11c tension wheel recesses

12a, 12b, 12c driver's "on" flip-flop

13 first normally open contact for series circuit of switches

14 second normally open contact for series circuit of switches

15a, 15b, 15c auxiliary switch

Normally closed contact of 16 contactor

17 third normally open contact, normally open contact of contactor

18 fourth normally open contact, normally open contact of contactor in "off" operation

19 relay/contactor.