阅读说明：本技术 一种高效下吸式生物质气化装置 (Efficient downdraft biomass gasification device ) 是由 吉玲 于 2021-09-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉气化炉技术领域,特别是涉及一种高效下吸式生物质气化装置,其炉芯包括气化反应器和进料筒,进料筒与气化反应器之间设置有第一空腔,物料进入进料筒后,在进料筒内干燥和裂解,氧化区的物料和气化剂充分混合发生氧化燃烧产生高温,第一空腔随之温度升高,从而对进料筒四周进行高温干燥裂解,进料筒下部出料开口且延伸至氧化区,燃烧高温直接进入进料筒,直接对生物质进行干燥和裂解,提高了干燥和裂解效率。本发明的进风口设置于氧化区的上方,第一空腔内有充足的气化剂,进料筒延伸至氧化区,生物质原料呈弧形下落,生物质下落过程充分与气化剂均匀混合。本发明的燃气进口设置于还原区和炭渣区之间,燃气通过炭渣层过滤后进入燃气管道。(The invention relates to the technical field of gasification furnaces, in particular to a high-efficiency downdraft biomass gasification device, wherein a furnace core comprises a gasification reactor and a feeding cylinder, a first cavity is arranged between the feeding cylinder and the gasification reactor, materials are dried and cracked in the feeding cylinder after entering the feeding cylinder, the materials in an oxidation area and a gasifying agent are fully mixed to be oxidized and combusted to generate high temperature, the temperature of the first cavity is increased along with the first cavity, so that the periphery of the feeding cylinder is dried and cracked at high temperature, a discharge opening at the lower part of the feeding cylinder extends to the oxidation area, the combusted high temperature directly enters the feeding cylinder, and the biomass is directly dried and cracked, so that the drying and cracking efficiency is improved. According to the biomass gasification device, the air inlet is arranged above the oxidation zone, sufficient gasification agent is arranged in the first cavity, the feeding cylinder extends to the oxidation zone, the biomass raw material falls in an arc shape, and the biomass raw material is fully and uniformly mixed with the gasification agent in the falling process. The fuel gas inlet is arranged between the reduction zone and the carbon slag zone, and the fuel gas enters the fuel gas pipeline after being filtered by the carbon slag layer.)

1. The utility model provides a high-efficient downdraft biomass gasification equipment which characterized in that: including furnace body and wick, the wick set up in the inside of furnace body, the wick is provided with drying zone, pyrolysis zone, oxidation zone and reduction layer from top to bottom, the wick is including gasification reactor and feed cylinder, feed cylinder is connected with feed arrangement, feed cylinder set up in gasification generator's inside, feed cylinder is lower extreme open-ended hollow structure, feed cylinder upper end is fixed with the furnace roof, feed cylinder's lower extreme extends to the oxidation zone, the drying zone with the pyrolysis zone set up in inside the feed cylinder, feed cylinder outer wall with be provided with first cavity between the gasification reactor inner wall, the wick is provided with the air intake, the air intake set up in the top of oxidation zone.

2. The efficient downdraft biomass gasification device of claim 1, wherein: the gasification reactor and the inner wall of the furnace body are provided with second cavities, the second cavities are provided with gas pipelines, and the gas inlets are arranged below the reduction zone.

3. The efficient downdraft biomass gasification device of claim 2, wherein: the second cavity is a cooling cavity, the gas pipeline penetrates through the cooling cavity, and the gas outlet is formed in the upper portion of the furnace body.

4. The efficient downdraft biomass gasification device of claim 2, wherein: the gas pipeline is arranged on one side of the furnace body and is vertically arranged.

5. The efficient downdraft biomass gasification device of claim 2, wherein: the furnace body lower part is provided with charcoal sediment district, and the bottom is provided with out the charcoal mouth, charcoal sediment district with the reduction zone intercommunication, the charcoal sediment district is the back taper.

6. The efficient downdraft biomass gasification device of claim 1, wherein: the air inlet is arranged at the upper part of the furnace core oxidation area and is connected with the air blowing device.

7. The efficient downdraft biomass gasification device of claim 1, wherein: the feeding cylinder is arranged at the center of the upper part of the gasification generator, and the feeding device is arranged at the side part of the feeding cylinder.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gasification furnaces, in particular to a high-efficiency downdraft biomass gasification device.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, sufficient biomass energy sources such as firewood and straws are available, and in the development and utilization of the biomass energy sources, a common mode is direct-combustion or gasification power generation, but direct-combustion is inconvenient to use because firewood needs to be frequently added to a stove, gasification power generation is limited by cost, economic benefit is poor, and large-scale popularization and application cannot be achieved. The traditional stove has a long history of utilization of firewood and straws, is inconvenient to use, has low heat value utilization rate which is generally only 14 to 20 percent and has large air pollution. The biomass energy is gradually abandoned in vast rural areas, so that the development and utilization amount of the biomass energy is less and less, and a large amount of renewable firewood and straws in the rural areas cannot be effectively utilized. Therefore, a biomass gasification furnace for gasifying biomass such as firewood, straw and the like into combustible gas is produced.

The biomass gasification adopts biomass as a raw material, oxygen (air, oxygen-rich gas or pure oxygen, etc.) and steam as gasifying agents, and converts combustible substances in the biomass into combustible gas through thermochemical reaction under high temperature, wherein the combustible gas generated by biomass gasification mainly comprises CO, H2, CH4, etc., and simultaneously has a certain amount of byproducts such as tar, coke, etc. The biomass gasification furnace is divided into an updraft gasification furnace, a downdraft gasification furnace and the like according to the flow direction of combustible gas, and the updraft gasification furnace has the defects of high tar content, blockage of a gas pipeline of the gasification furnace and low gas production heat value. The downdraft gasifier ensures that the combustible gas must pass through a high-temperature oxidation area and a reduction area, which is beneficial to further cracking tar, and the tar content in the fuel gas filtered by part of the carbon residue layer is obviously reduced.

The research shows that: the equivalent weight and the water content of the biomass are main factors influencing the output of combustible gas. The specific quantity is the ratio of the air quantity actually consumed by the combustion of biomass per unit mass in the gasification process to the air quantity required by the complete combustion of the biomass, the specific quantity is controlled in a certain interval, before the specific quantity reaches an optimal value, the higher the specific quantity is, the higher the gas production rate is, the content of CO and H2 in the combustible gas is also increased continuously, the heat value is also increased continuously, and how to improve the specific quantity is the main problem of the downdraft gasifier. The main influence of living beings moisture content lies in living beings and gets into the gasifier after, and free water and the binding water in the living beings can evaporate in the drying zone, and this process need consume a large amount of heats, and living beings water content is too high, will make the interior reaction temperature of gasifier reduce certainly, leads to each reaction zone reaction insufficient, reduces combustible gas's quality and output.

The furnace types of the downdraft gasification furnace in the prior art mainly comprise three types: as shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural view of a downdraft gasifier in the prior art, fig. 1(a) is an open gasifier, which is characterized in that biomass and air enter the gasifier from the top of the gasifier, the air is mainly induced by an induced draft fan, the inside of the gasifier is in a negative pressure state, the gasification strength is insufficient, and the reaction is often insufficient, so the open gasifier is rarely used in the market. The straight-tube type gasification furnace shown in fig. 1(b) and the throat type gasification furnace shown in fig. 1(c) are two types of gasification furnaces which are commercially available, biomass is fed from the upper part, an air inlet is provided at the side of the oxidation zone of the furnace body, air enters from the side, and the air is mixed with the biomass in the oxidation zone to perform oxidation reaction. The common disadvantages of both types of furnaces are: because whole gasifier inside is piled up full biomass feedstock, though seted up a plurality of air intakes at the lateral part in gasifier oxidation zone, the air intake gets into the air still can't be with biomass feedstock intensive mixing even, and the equivalent is low, and gasification intensity is inefficient.

The downdraft gasifiers of the prior art have a common problem: downdraft gasifier all is provided with the grate, and the grate is the gasifier main device, and the combustible gas export sets up in the grate lower part, and the rethread gas vent is discharged after the charcoal layer of combustible gas filters through the grate, and the ubiquitous shortcoming of grate structure is: 1. the grate is easy to coke ash and slag, and the slag discharge is not smooth, thereby influencing the production. 2. The fire grate is high in temperature and easy to damage, the failure rate is high, a large amount of carbon slag is accumulated on the upper part of the fire grate, and the carbon slag is difficult to discharge due to the coking of the fire grate and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency downdraft biomass gasification device aiming at the defects of the prior art, which solves the problems in the background art, the gasification agent of a first cavity and a dried and cracked biomass raw material are fully mixed and combusted to generate high temperature, the high temperature generated by combustion enables the outer wall of a feeding cylinder to be rapidly heated through the first cavity, the drying and pyrolysis reaction of the biomass raw material in the feeding cylinder are accelerated, and the gasification efficiency and the gasification intensity are improved.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a high-efficient downdraft biomass gasification device, includes furnace body and wick, the wick set up in the inside of furnace body, the wick is provided with drying zone, pyrolysis zone, oxidation zone and reduction layer from top to bottom, the wick is including gasification reactor and feeding section of thick bamboo, feeding section of thick bamboo and feed arrangement intercommunication, feeding section of thick bamboo set up in gasification generator's inside, feeding section of thick bamboo is lower extreme open-ended hollow structure, feeding section of thick bamboo upper end is fixed with the furnace roof, feeding section of thick bamboo's lower extreme extends to the oxidation zone, the drying zone with the pyrolysis zone set up in inside the feeding section of thick bamboo, feeding section of thick bamboo outer wall with be provided with first cavity between the gasification reactor inner wall, the wick is provided with the air intake, the air intake set up in the top in oxidation zone.

Preferably, a second cavity is formed in the gasification reactor and the inner wall of the furnace body, a fuel gas pipeline is arranged in the second cavity, and the fuel gas inlet is formed below the reduction zone.

Preferably, the second cavity is a cooling cavity, the flue gas pipeline penetrates through the cooling cavity, and the flue gas outlet is formed in the upper portion of the furnace body.

Preferably, the lower part of the furnace body is provided with a carbon slag area, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a carbon outlet, the carbon slag area is communicated with the reduction area, and the carbon slag area is in an inverted cone shape.

Preferably, the air inlet is formed in the top of the furnace core and connected with the air blowing device.

Preferably, the pipeline is arranged on one side of the furnace body, and the gas pipeline is vertically arranged.

Preferably, the feeding cylinder is arranged at the center of the gasification generator, and the feeding device is arranged at the side part of the feeding cylinder.

Compared with the prior art, the efficient downdraft biomass gasification device has the beneficial effects that:

1. the furnace core comprises a gasification reactor and a feeding cylinder, wherein a first cavity is arranged between the feeding cylinder and the gasification reactor, materials are dried and cracked in the feeding cylinder after entering the feeding cylinder, an oxidation combustion reaction occurs in an oxidation zone, the temperature of the first cavity rises along with the temperature of the first cavity, so that the periphery of the feeding cylinder is preheated, the lower part of the feeding cylinder is opened and extends to the oxidation zone, and the combustion high temperature directly enters the feeding cylinder to directly dry and crack biomass, so that the drying and cracking efficiency is improved. 2. According to the biomass gasification device, the air inlet is arranged above the oxidation zone, sufficient gasification agent is arranged in the first cavity, the feeding cylinder extends to the oxidation zone, the biomass falls in an arc shape, and the biomass falls and is fully mixed with the gasification agent, so that the mixing is more uniform. 3. The gas inlet is arranged between the reduction zone and the carbon residue zone, and the gas enters the gas pipeline after being filtered by part of the carbon residue layer, so that the tar is less. 4. The second cavity of the invention is a cooling cavity, the fuel gas penetrates through the second cavity through a pipeline and is discharged from the upper part of the furnace body, so that the fuel gas is cooled, the fuel gas is separated from tar, and the tar falls to a carbon residue area along the fuel gas pipeline for further pyrolysis. 5. The second cavity is a cooling cavity, and the furnace body is cooled through the cooling cavity, so that the temperature of the furnace body is reduced, and the safety of the gasification furnace is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a downdraft gasifier of the related art.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-furnace body, 2-furnace core, 3-gasification generator, 4-feeding cylinder, 5-feeding device, 6-air inlet, 7-gas pipeline, 8-gas inlet, 9-gas outlet, 10-drying zone, 11-pyrolysis zone, 12-oxidation zone, 13-reduction zone, 14-carbon residue zone, 15-carbon outlet, 16-first cavity and 17-second cavity.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the efficient downdraft biomass gasification device of the embodiment includes a furnace body 1 and a furnace core 2, wherein the furnace core 2 is disposed inside the furnace body 1, the furnace core 2 is provided with a drying region 10, a pyrolysis region 11, an oxidation region 12 and a reduction layer 13 from top to bottom, a carbon slag region 14 is disposed below the reduction region 13, the carbon slag region 14 is communicated with the reduction region 13, and a carbon outlet 15 is disposed at the bottom of the carbon slag region 14;

the furnace core 2 comprises a gasification reactor 3 and a feeding cylinder 4, the feeding cylinder 4 is arranged in the center of the gasification generator 3, the feeding cylinder 3 is of a hollow structure with an opening at the lower end, the upper end of the feeding cylinder 4 is fixed with the top of the furnace, the lower end of the feeding cylinder 4 extends to an oxidation area 12, the feeding cylinder 4 is connected with a feeding device 5, and the feeding device 5 is arranged on the side part of the feeding cylinder 4; the drying area 10 and the pyrolysis area 11 are arranged inside the feeding cylinder 4, and a first cavity 16 is arranged between the outer wall of the feeding cylinder 4 and the inner wall of the gasification reactor 3; the furnace core 2 is provided with an air inlet 6, the air inlet 6 is arranged above the oxidation area 12, and the air inlet 6 is communicated with a blower and an air supply pipeline;

a gap is formed between the furnace body 1 and the furnace core 2 to form a second cavity 17, the second cavity 17 is a cooling cavity, a cooling medium of the second cavity 17 is cooling water, a gas pipeline 7 is arranged in the second cavity 17, the gas pipeline 7 is vertically arranged and penetrates through the second cavity 17, a gas outlet 9 of the gas pipeline 7 is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body 1, and a gas inlet 8 is arranged below the reduction zone 13;

further, the furnace body 1 comprises a cylinder section at the upper part and an inverted cone section at the lower part, the carbon residue area 14 is arranged at the inverted cone section, the carbon outlet 15 is arranged at the bottom, and the inverted cone section is convenient for discharging slag.

Further, the air inlet 6 is formed in the top of the furnace core 2, air enters from the top downwards through the air blowing device, the air flow moves downwards under the action of air pressure of the air blowing device, and the air flow with certain air pressure is mixed with the biomass more uniformly.

Further, the outer wall of the furnace core 2 is provided with a refractory layer.

The furnace core 2 of the invention comprises a gasification reactor 3 and a feeding cylinder 4, a first cavity 16 is arranged between the feeding cylinder 4 and the gasification reactor 3, after biomass enters the feeding cylinder 4, drying and cracking in the feeding cylinder 4, oxidation reaction in the oxidation zone 12, temperature rise of the first cavity 16, thereby preheating the periphery of the feeding cylinder 4, opening the lower part of the feeding cylinder 4 and extending to the oxidation area, directly entering the feeding cylinder 4 by high combustion temperature, directly drying and cracking biomass, improving the drying and cracking efficiency compared with the prior art, the average temperature of the drying zone E of the straight-barrel type gasification furnace shown in FIG. 1(b) and the throat type gasification furnace shown in FIG. 1(c) is 30-80 deg., the temperature of the pyrolysis zone F is 100-200 deg., the temperature of the drying zone of the present invention is (80-200 deg.), and the temperature of the pyrolysis zone 11 of the present invention is (200-300 deg.f).

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.