阅读说明：本技术 一种提高紫花槭种子发芽率的方法 (Method for improving germination rate of Acer mono seeds ) 是由 高玉福 荣立苹 徐博 于 2021-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种提高紫花槭种子发芽率的方法,包括：S1)将紫花槭种子在水中浸泡,得到浸泡后的种子；S2)将浸泡后的种子置于通风干燥的阴凉处,并覆盖遮阳网进行处理；S3)将处理后的种子进行消毒与杀虫处理；S4)将经消毒与杀虫处理后的种子与沙子混合,在低温条件下进行沙藏。与现有技术相比,本发明先将种子进行浸泡使种胚充分吸收水分,然后经处理打破休眠期,再经消毒杀虫处理后低温下沙藏,提高了出芽率,并且无需使用生长调节剂也无需冷冻处理,经简单处理便可以第二年出苗。(The invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of Acer mono seeds, which comprises the following steps: s1) soaking the acer mono seeds in water to obtain soaked seeds; s2) placing the soaked seeds in a ventilated and dry shade place, and covering a sunshade net for treatment; s3) carrying out disinfection and insecticidal treatment on the treated seeds; s4) mixing the seeds after the disinfection and the insect killing with sand, and storing the mixture in the sand at low temperature. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the seeds are soaked to enable the embryos to fully absorb moisture, then the dormancy stage is broken through treatment, the seeds are subjected to disinfection and insecticidal treatment and then are stored in sand at low temperature, the germination rate is improved, no growth regulator or freezing treatment is needed, and the seedlings can emerge in the next year through simple treatment.)

1. A method for improving the germination rate of Acer mono seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1) soaking the acer mono seeds in water to obtain soaked seeds;

s2) placing the soaked seeds in a ventilated and dry shade place, and covering a sunshade net for treatment;

s3) carrying out disinfection and insecticidal treatment on the treated seeds;

s4) mixing the seeds after the disinfection and the insect killing with sand, and storing the mixture in the sand at low temperature.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the step S1) is 24-48 h.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sunshade net in the step S2) is an 8-pin sunshade net.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing in step S2) is performed once every 2-3 days; the treatment time is 10-20 days.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S3) is specifically:

and soaking the treated seeds in thiophanate methyl solution added with an insecticide for disinfection and insecticidal treatment.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the thiophanate methyl solution is 800 times of 50% wettable powder; the pesticide is imidacloprid; the effective component of the pesticide in the thiophanate methyl solution is 0.2 percent.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the sand is sterilized and mixed with sterilized and pesticidally treated seeds; the volume ratio of the sand to the seeds subjected to disinfection and insecticidal treatment is (2-4): 1.

8. the method of claim 7, wherein the sand is disinfected with carbendazim; the particle size of the sand is 0.5-2 mm.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the low temperature condition is at a temperature of 2 ℃ to 6 ℃; the sand storage time is 3-4 months; turning and stirring once every 3-5 days during sand storage; the water content is kept between 70 and 80 percent during sand storage.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cryogenic conditions are at a temperature of 4 ℃; the sand storage time is 3-4 months; turning and stirring once every 3-5 days during sand storage; the moisture content was kept at 75% during sand storage.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural breeding, and particularly relates to a method for improving the germination rate of acer mono seeds.

Background

Acer pseudo-sieboldianum (Acer pseudo-sieboldianum) is a woody color leaf tree species of Aceraceae and has beautiful leaf shape and red and bright leaf color, and the tree posture, the leaf shape and the winged fruit have higher ornamental value, so the Acer pseudo-sieboldianum is an excellent ornamental tree species for northern landscaping, is more and more favored by people, and the market demand is gradually increased.

At present, the acer mono is mainly propagated by seeds, but the seeds have the characteristic of deep dormancy, so that the seed germination rate is extremely low, the development and utilization of the acer mono are seriously influenced, and the number of the existing acer mono seedlings cannot meet the market demand. Moreover, the characters of seedlings of the offspring of seed propagation can be separated, and excellent single plants with excellent ornamental characters can be screened out, so that new variety breeding is carried out. Therefore, the improvement of the germination rate of the seeds can not only meet the market demand, but also improve the guarantee for breeding new varieties.

Chinese patent publication No. CN107333482A discloses a treatment method for breaking dormancy of seedlings of acer mono in the current year, which comprises: firstly, selecting seeds and repeatedly soaking; secondly, disinfecting and cleaning; thirdly, mixing the mixture with wet river sand, and placing the mixture for 7-10 days at the temperature of 10-15 ℃; fourthly, lamination treatment; fifthly, thawing after freezing, and storing in a cellar; sixthly, placing the seeds in the outdoor shady place for vernalization, and screening out river sand in the seeds to sow the seeds. The treatment method breaks the comprehensive dormancy of the seeds of the acer mono-northeast, normal seedling emergence can be realized in the current year after sowing, and the seedling emergence is neat, but the operation steps of the method are complicated.

Chinese patent with publication number CN109121965A discloses a sowing and seedling raising method for acer palmatum, which comprises selecting 15-20 year old mother trees, collecting mature fruits in 9-10 months, removing seeds, and storing seeds indoors in a sealed manner; before spring sowing, soaking the stored seeds in an oxalic acid solution, taking out and cleaning, drying at a low temperature of 50 ℃, soaking in a soaking solution, and carrying out freezing-microwave circulating germination accelerating treatment on the treated seeds to obtain germination accelerating seeds; deep ploughing sandy loam, applying a decomposed rape cake fertilizer mixed with yellow core soil, well digging a sowing ditch on a leveled seedbed, uniformly sowing germination accelerating seeds in the ditch after filling bottom water, and covering sandy soil; covering a sunshade net after the seedlings come out of the soil, and performing water and fertilizer management. The method needs repeated freezing-microwave treatment, and has complicated steps.

Chinese patent publication No. CN106856709A discloses a method for rapid germination of acer sanguinatum seeds and a seedling growing method, comprising the following steps: 1) soaking the acer palmatum samara in a potassium permanganate solution for 30-60 min, cleaning with sterile water, placing in a sterilized container, and sealing with a gas-permeable membrane; 2) taking out the embryo of the samara obtained in the step 1), and soaking the embryo in gibberellin solution for 2-3 h; 3) sterilizing the seed embryo soaked in the step 2), and culturing and germinating. However, this method requires the use of growth regulators, which increases the cost.

Chinese patent with publication number CN107027374A discloses a method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of Acer catalpi, wherein, firstly, the samara is collected and treated, and then the seeds are stored for 20-40 days at low temperature; then peeling off the fruit wings and the seed coats of the internal seeds in sequence to obtain kernels, and then soaking the kernels in water for germination. However, the method needs to peel off the seed coat to obtain the kernel, and the workload is large.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an economical, practical, simple and effective method for increasing the germination rate of the acer mono seeds.

The invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of Acer mono seeds, which comprises the following steps:

s1) soaking the acer mono seeds in water to obtain soaked seeds;

s2) placing the soaked seeds in a ventilated and dry shade place, and covering a sunshade net for treatment;

s3) carrying out disinfection and insecticidal treatment on the treated seeds;

s4) mixing the seeds after the disinfection and the insect killing with sand, and storing the mixture in the sand at low temperature.

Preferably, the soaking time in the step S1) is 24-48 h.

Preferably, the sunshade net in the step S2) is an 8-pin sunshade net.

Preferably, the mixture is turned over once every 2 to 3 days in the processing process of the step S2); the treatment time is 10-20 days.

Preferably, the step S3) is specifically:

and soaking the treated seeds in thiophanate methyl solution added with an insecticide for disinfection and insecticidal treatment.

Preferably, the thiophanate methyl solution is 800 times of 50% wettable powder; the pesticide is imidacloprid; the effective component of the pesticide in the thiophanate methyl solution is 0.2 percent.

Preferably, the sand is mixed with the seeds after disinfection and insecticidal treatment after disinfection treatment; the volume ratio of the sand to the seeds subjected to disinfection and insecticidal treatment is (2-4): 1.

preferably, the sand is disinfected by carbendazim; the particle size of the sand is 0.5-2 mm (.

Preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature condition is 2-6 ℃; the sand storage time is 3-4 months; turning and stirring once every 3-5 days during sand storage; the water content is kept between 70 and 80 percent during sand storage.

Preferably, the temperature of the low temperature condition is 4 ℃; the sand storage time is 3-4 months; turning and stirring once every 3-5 days during sand storage; the moisture content was kept at 75% during sand storage.

The invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of Acer mono seeds, which comprises the following steps: s1) soaking the acer mono seeds in water to obtain soaked seeds; s2) placing the soaked seeds in a ventilated and dry shade place, and covering a sunshade net for treatment; s3) carrying out disinfection and insecticidal treatment on the treated seeds; s4) mixing the seeds after the disinfection and the insect killing with sand, and storing the mixture in the sand at low temperature. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the seeds are soaked to enable the embryos to fully absorb moisture, then the dormancy stage is broken through treatment, the seeds are subjected to disinfection and insecticidal treatment and then are stored in sand at low temperature, the germination rate is improved, no growth regulator or freezing treatment is needed, and the seedlings can emerge in the next year through simple treatment.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of Acer mono seeds, which comprises the following steps: s1) soaking the acer mono seeds in water to obtain soaked seeds; s2) placing the soaked seeds in a ventilated and dry shade place, and covering a sunshade net for treatment; s3) carrying out disinfection and insecticidal treatment on the treated seeds; s4) mixing the seeds after the disinfection and the insect killing with sand, and storing the mixture in the sand at low temperature.

In the present invention, the sources of all raw materials are not particularly limited, and they may be commercially available.

Soaking Acer mono seed in water; wherein, the Acer mono Maxim seeds are obtained by harvesting after maturation according to the annual climate conditions; the soaking time is preferably 24-48 h; the seeds which are shriveled and immature can be removed by soaking treatment, and the embryo can fully absorb water.

Placing the soaked seeds in a ventilated and dried shade place, and covering a sunshade net for treatment; the sunshade net is preferably an 8-needle sunshade net or a 10-needle sunshade net, and more preferably an 8-needle sunshade net; preferably turning over once every 2-3 days in the treatment process; the treatment time is preferably 10 to 20 days, more preferably 12 to 18 days, still more preferably 14 to 16 days, and most preferably 15 days.

Sterilizing and disinsection the treated seeds; the invention preferably soaks the treated seeds in thiophanate methyl solution added with insecticide for disinfection and insecticidal treatment; the thiophanate methyl solution is preferably 600-1000 times of 50% wettable powder, more preferably 700-900 times of solution, and further preferably 800 times of solution; the pesticide is preferably imidacloprid; the effective component of the pesticide in the thiophanate methyl solution is preferably 0.2 percent; the soaking time is preferably 1-3 h, more preferably 1.5-2.5 h, and further preferably 2 h.

Mixing the seeds after the disinfection and the insect killing treatment with sand; the sand is preferably subjected to disinfection treatment and then mixed with the seeds subjected to disinfection and insecticidal treatment; the sand sterilization treatment method is a method well known to those skilled in the art, and is not particularly limited, and in the present invention, sand is preferably sterilized with carbendazim; the particle size of the sand is preferably 0.5-2 mm, more preferably 0.5-1.5 mm, and even more preferably about 1 mm; the volume ratio of the sand to the seeds subjected to disinfection and insecticidal treatment is preferably (2-4): 1, more preferably (2.5 to 3.5): 1, more preferably 3: 1.

then carrying out sand storage under the condition of low temperature; the temperature of the low-temperature condition is preferably 2-6 ℃, more preferably 3-5 ℃, and further preferably 4 ℃; the time of the low-temperature sand storage is preferably 3-4 months; preferably turning and stirring once every 3-5 days during the sand storage period; the moisture content is preferably maintained between 70% and 80%, more preferably between 74% and 78%, most preferably 75% during cold sand storage.

The seeds stored in sand at low temperature begin to germinate and emerge regularly, and can be used for sowing.

The method comprises the steps of soaking seeds to enable the embryos to fully absorb moisture, breaking the dormant period through treatment, carrying out disinfection and insecticidal treatment, and then carrying out sand storage at low temperature, so that the germination rate is improved, and the seedlings can emerge in the next year through simple treatment without using a growth regulator or freezing treatment.

To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe the method of the present invention for increasing the germination rate of Acer mono Maxim seeds in detail.

The reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available.

Example 1

1.1 seed harvesting

According to the annual climatic conditions, the seeds are harvested after being mature, and then are placed in water for soaking for 36 hours, so that the shrunken and immature seeds are removed, and meanwhile, the embryo fully absorbs water.

1.2 seed pretreatment

The seeds were placed in a ventilated and dry shade, covered with a commercially available 8-pin sunshade net, and turned over every 2 days for 15 days.

1.3 seed Disinfection and disinsection

After the seeds are pretreated, the seeds are soaked and disinfected in 800 times of solution of 50 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder added with imidacloprid (the effective component is 0.2 percent) for 2 hours.

1.4 Sand Disinfection

And (3) disinfecting sand with the particle size of 1mm by using carbendazim.

1.5 cryopreservation

Mixing the seeds and the sand according to the volume ratio of 1 to 3, keeping the water content at 75%, and then placing the mixture at a low temperature of about 4 ℃. The period interval is 5 days, the seeds are turned and stirred for 1 time, the seeds begin to germinate after 3 months, the germination rate reaches more than 90 percent, the sprouts are neat, and the seeds can be used for sowing.

Example 2

1.1 seed harvesting

According to the annual climatic conditions, the seeds are harvested after being mature, and then are placed in water for soaking for 24 hours, so that the shrunken and immature seeds are removed, and meanwhile, the embryo fully absorbs water.

1.2 seed pretreatment

The test design comprises an experimental group 1 and control groups 1-2, wherein each group comprises the following components:

test group 1: placing a part of the seeds in a ventilated and dry shade, covering the seeds with a commercially available 8-needle sunshade net, turning over every 2 days, and treating for 15 d.

Control group 1: a part of the seeds were placed in a ventilated and dry shade, during which the seeds were tumbled once every 2 days and treated for 15 days.

Control group 2: a part of the seeds were placed in a ventilated and dry shade, covered with a commercially available 8-pin sunshade net, and turned over every 2 days during the period, and treated for 7 days.

1.3 seed Disinfection and disinsection

After the seeds are pretreated, the seeds are soaked and disinfected in 800 times of solution of 50 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder added with imidacloprid (the effective component is 0.2 percent) for 2 hours.

1.4 Sand Disinfection

And (3) disinfecting sand with the particle size of 1mm by using carbendazim.

1.5 cryopreservation

Mixing the seeds and the sand according to the volume ratio of 1 to 3, keeping the water content at 75%, and then placing the mixture at a low temperature of about 4 ℃. The germination rate is counted after 3 months after 1 turn over and stirring for 5 days.

TABLE 1 results of the sunshade net covering experiment

Group of	Percentage of germination (%)
		Test group 1	90.3
Control group 1	56.3
		Control group 2	67.4

Example 3

1.1 seed harvesting

According to the annual climatic conditions, the seeds are harvested after being mature, and then are placed in water for soaking for 36 hours, so that the shrunken and immature seeds are removed, and meanwhile, the embryo fully absorbs water.

1.2 seed pretreatment

The seeds were placed in a ventilated and dry shade, covered with a commercially available 8-pin sunshade net, and turned over every 2 days for 15 days.

1.3 seed Disinfection and disinsection

The test designed a test group and a control group. Group 2 treatments were as follows:

test groups: after the seeds are pretreated, the seeds are soaked and disinfected in 800 times of solution of 50 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder added with imidacloprid (the effective component is 0.2 percent) for 2 hours.

Control group: after the seeds are pretreated, the seeds are soaked and disinfected in 800 times of solution of 50 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder for 2 hours.

1.4 Sand Disinfection

And (3) disinfecting sand with the particle size of about 1mm by using carbendazim.

1.5 cryopreservation

Mixing the seeds and the sand according to the volume ratio of 1 to 3, keeping the water content at 75%, and then placing the mixture at a low temperature of about 4 ℃. The germination rate was counted after 3 months with 1-fold turnover at interval 5, as shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 Experimental results of seed disinfection and disinsection

Group of	Percentage of germination (%)
		Test group 1	91.7
Control group 1	68.3

Example 4

1.1 seed harvesting

According to the annual climatic conditions, the seeds are harvested after being mature, and then are placed in water for soaking for 36 hours, so that the shrunken and immature seeds are removed, and meanwhile, the embryo fully absorbs water.

1.2 seed pretreatment

The seeds were placed in a ventilated and dry shade, covered with a commercially available 8-pin sunshade net, and turned over every 2 days for 15 days.

1.3 seed Disinfection and disinsection

After the seeds are pretreated, the seeds are soaked and disinfected in 800 times of solution of 50 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder added with imidacloprid (the effective component is 0.2 percent) for 2 hours.

1.4 Sand Disinfection

And (3) disinfecting sand with the particle size of about 1mm by using carbendazim.

1.5 cryopreservation

The test design test group and the control group are 1-2. The 3 groups were treated as follows:

test groups: mixing the seeds and the sand according to the volume ratio of 1 to 3, keeping the water content at 75%, and then placing the mixture at a low temperature of about 4 ℃. The period interval is 3 days, the mixture is turned for 1 time, and the germination percentage is counted after 3 months.

Control group 1: mixing the seeds and the sand according to the volume ratio of 1 to 1, then keeping the water content at 75%, and then placing the mixture at a low temperature of about 4 ℃. The period interval is 3 days, the mixture is turned for 1 time, and the germination percentage is counted after 3 months.

Control group 2: mixing the seeds and the sand according to the volume ratio of 1 to 3, keeping the water content at 85%, and then placing the mixture at a low temperature of about 4 ℃. The period interval is 3 days, the mixture is turned for 1 time, and the germination percentage is counted after 3 months.

The results are shown in Table 3, and when the seeds and the sand of the control group 1 were mixed, the germination rate was lower than that of the test group when the sand occupied was small; the control group 2 had a high water content during sand storage, and the germination rate was significantly lower than that of the test group.

TABLE 3 Low temperature Sand storage test results

Group of	Percentage of germination (%)
		Test group 1	92.1
Control group 1	66.3
		Control group 2	57.6