阅读说明：本技术 光探测磁共振谱仪的光路自动调节方法及装置 (Automatic light path adjusting method and device for optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer ) 是由 方源 许克标 王先盛 贺羽 于 2020-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种光探测磁共振谱仪的光路自动调节方法及装置,光探测磁共振谱仪包括凸透镜,凸透镜安装在位移台上,位移台包括相互垂直的x轴、y轴和z轴,其中,方法包括：分别获取x轴、y轴和y轴不同坐标对应的荧光强度；根据x轴、y轴和y轴不同坐标对应的荧光强度,得到第一曲线、第二曲线和第三曲线；分别对第一曲线、第二曲线和第三曲线进行拟合,得到第一中心峰的位置、第二中心峰的位置和第三中心峰的位置；根据第一中心峰的位置、第二中心峰的位置和第三中心峰的位置,确定位移台的位置,以对光路进行调节。该方法实现了光路的自动化调节,能够保证荧光的高收集效率,结构简洁、自动化调节、精度高、稳定、耗时短。(The invention discloses an automatic light path adjusting method and device of a light detection magnetic resonance spectrometer, wherein the light detection magnetic resonance spectrometer comprises a convex lens, the convex lens is arranged on a displacement table, and the displacement table comprises an x axis, a y axis and a z axis which are vertical to each other, wherein the method comprises the following steps: respectively acquiring fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of an x axis, a y axis and a y axis; obtaining a first curve, a second curve and a third curve according to the fluorescence intensity corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the y axis; respectively fitting the first curve, the second curve and the third curve to obtain the position of a first central peak, the position of a second central peak and the position of a third central peak; and determining the position of the displacement table according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak so as to adjust the optical path. The method realizes automatic adjustment of the light path, can ensure high collection efficiency of fluorescence, and has the advantages of simple structure, automatic adjustment, high precision, stability and short time consumption.)

1. The automatic light path adjusting method of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer is characterized in that the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer comprises a convex lens, the convex lens is arranged on a displacement table, and the displacement table comprises an x axis, a y axis and a z axis which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

respectively acquiring fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis;

obtaining a first curve, a second curve and a third curve according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis;

fitting the first curve, the second curve and the third curve respectively to obtain the position of a first central peak, the position of a second central peak and the position of a third central peak; and

and determining the position of the displacement table according to the first position, the second position and the third position so as to adjust the optical path.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the y-axis respectively comprises:

keeping the y axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensities of the displacement table at different coordinates of the x axis;

keeping the x axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the y axis;

and keeping the x axis and the y axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring the corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the z axis.

3. The automatic optical path adjustment method for an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to claim 1,

fitting the first curve, the second curve, and the third curve by a Gaussian function, respectively.

4. The utility model provides a light detection magnetic resonance spectrometer's light path automatic regulating apparatus which characterized in that, light detection magnetic resonance spectrometer includes convex lens, convex lens installs on the displacement platform, the displacement platform includes mutually perpendicular's x axle, y axle and z axle, wherein, the device includes:

the first acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis;

the second acquisition module is used for obtaining a first curve, a second curve and a third curve according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis;

a third obtaining module, configured to fit the first curve, the second curve, and the third curve, respectively, to obtain a position of a first central peak, a position of a second central peak, and a position of a third central peak; and

and the adjusting module is used for determining the position of the displacement table according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak so as to adjust the optical path.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first obtaining module is specifically configured to:

keeping the y axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensities of the displacement table at different coordinates of the x axis;

keeping the x axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the y axis;

and keeping the x axis and the y axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring the corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the z axis.

6. The automatic optical path adjustment device for an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to claim 4,

fitting the first curve, the second curve, and the third curve by a Gaussian function, respectively.

7. An electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the method for automatically adjusting the optical path of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to claims 1-3.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the method for automatically adjusting the optical path of an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to claims 1-3.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of light path adjustment, in particular to a light path automatic adjustment method and a light path automatic adjustment device of a light detection magnetic resonance spectrometer.

Background

Optical Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) refers to a quantum science technique developed by applying a diamond nitrogen-vacancy structure (NV color center). As one of the key directions of quantum science and technology, the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer is widely applied to the fields of quantum precision measurement, quantum calculation and the like, and the development of the application fields of physics, material science, biology and the like is driven.

The optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer mainly comprises a microwave part, an optical part, an electronic part and a magnet part, and is a set of scientific instruments developed based on the technology.

However, after the ODMR spectrometer is used for a long time, the optical path may be shifted, and although the collection efficiency of fluorescence can be ensured by adjusting the collection optical path, at present, the adjustment is performed manually, and the adjustment process is cumbersome, time-consuming, and accompanied by some risks, and the user does not pay attention to the possibility of touching other devices, which causes rework, and needs to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, a first objective of the present invention is to provide an automatic light path adjusting method for an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer, which solves the problems of troublesome and time-consuming light path adjustment in the related art, and has the advantages of simple structure, automatic adjustment, high precision, stability and short time consumption, and can ensure high fluorescence collection efficiency for users.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide an automatic light path adjusting device of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer.

A third object of the invention is to propose an electronic device.

A fourth object of the invention is to propose a computer-readable storage medium.

In order to achieve the above object, a first embodiment of the present invention provides an optical path automatic adjustment method for an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer, where the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer includes a convex lens, the convex lens is mounted on a displacement table, and the displacement table includes an x axis, a y axis, and a z axis that are perpendicular to each other, where the method includes: respectively acquiring fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis; obtaining a first curve, a second curve and a third curve according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis; fitting the first curve, the second curve and the third curve respectively to obtain the position of a first central peak, the position of a second central peak and the position of a third central peak; and determining the position of the displacement table according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak so as to adjust the optical path.

In addition, the method for automatically adjusting the optical path of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:

according to an embodiment of the present invention, the acquiring the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x-axis, the y-axis and the y-axis respectively includes: keeping the y axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensities of the displacement table at different coordinates of the x axis; keeping the x axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the y axis; and keeping the x axis and the y axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring the corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the z axis.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are fitted separately by a gaussian function.

According to the automatic light path adjusting method of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer, the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the y axis of the displacement table can be respectively obtained, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are obtained according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to the different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the y axis, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are respectively fitted, the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak are obtained, and the position of the displacement table is determined according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak so as to adjust the light path. Therefore, the problems of trouble and time consumption in light path adjustment in the related art are solved, automatic adjustment of the light path is realized, high collection efficiency of fluorescence can be guaranteed, and the fluorescent tube is simple in structure, automatic in adjustment, high in precision, stable and short in time consumption.

In order to achieve the above object, a second embodiment of the present invention provides an optical path automatic adjusting device for an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer, the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer including a convex lens, the convex lens being mounted on a displacement table, the displacement table including an x axis, a y axis and a z axis perpendicular to each other, wherein the optical path automatic adjusting device includes: the first acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis; the second acquisition module is used for obtaining a first curve, a second curve and a third curve according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis; a third obtaining module, configured to fit the first curve, the second curve, and the third curve, respectively, to obtain a position of a first central peak, a position of a second central peak, and a position of a third central peak; and the adjusting module is used for determining the position of the displacement table according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak so as to adjust the optical path.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first obtaining module is specifically configured to: keeping the y axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensities of the displacement table at different coordinates of the x axis; keeping the x axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the y axis; and keeping the x axis and the y axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring the corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the z axis.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are fitted separately by a gaussian function.

According to the automatic light path adjusting device of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer, the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the y axis of the displacement table can be respectively obtained, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are obtained according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to the different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the y axis, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are respectively fitted, the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak are obtained, and the light path is adjusted according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak. Therefore, the problems of trouble and time consumption in light path adjustment in the related art are solved, automatic adjustment of the light path is realized, high collection efficiency of fluorescence can be guaranteed, and the fluorescent tube is simple in structure, automatic in adjustment, high in precision, stable and short in time consumption.

To achieve the above object, a third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: the optical path automatic adjusting method of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer is realized when the processor executes the program.

In order to achieve the above object, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned method for automatically adjusting the optical path of an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for automatically adjusting an optical path of an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a light detecting magnetic resonance spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an automatic optical path adjusting device of an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

The following describes a method and an apparatus for automatically adjusting an optical path of an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an automatic optical path adjustment method for an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer includes a convex lens mounted on a displacement stage that includes mutually perpendicular x, y and z axes.

As shown in fig. 1, the method for automatically adjusting the optical path of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer comprises:

and S1, acquiring fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis respectively.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, acquiring fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of an x-axis, a y-axis and a z-axis respectively comprises: keeping the y axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensities of the displacement table at different coordinates of the x axis; keeping the x axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the y axis; and taking the displacement table as a center, keeping the x axis and the y axis unchanged, and acquiring the corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the z axis.

It is understood that, as shown in fig. 2, the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer of the embodiment of the present invention may include: the device comprises a laser, a dichroic mirror, a reflector, an objective lens, a diamond sample, a convex lens, a small hole and a single photon detector (APD). The laser can generate 520nm green light, and the green light is reflected by the dichroic mirror and focused on the diamond sample by the objective lens. The NV color center is excited by green light to generate red fluorescence, which is collected by the lens, passes through the dichroic mirror and is focused on a small hole with the diameter of 20um by a convex lens. Because all NV in the area where the green light passes through can be excited, the generated fluorescence can also be collected by the objective lens, the small hole is used for carrying out spatial filtering, and when the position of the small hole is coincident with the focal point of the lens, only the fluorescence generated at the focal point of the objective lens can pass through the small hole, so that the fluorescence background can be greatly reduced, and the spatial resolution of the system can be greatly improved. Thereby enabling detection of a single color center.

However, since the aperture has a small diameter, most of the fluorescence will be filtered by the aperture if the focal point of the lens does not coincide with the center of the aperture, and the efficiency of collecting the fluorescence will be low.

Therefore, the convex lens can be arranged on the three-dimensional displacement table, and the lens position can be moved by moving the displacement table, so that the aim of adjusting the light path is fulfilled.

Specifically, since the position of the convex lens only affects a part of the collection light path, on the premise of ensuring that the laser power is not changed, the fluorescence intensity emitted by the NV color center is considered to be unchanged, and the purpose of optimizing the fluorescence collection efficiency of the light path can be achieved by optimizing the finally detected fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the convex lens can be mounted on a displacement stage, which can comprise three mutually perpendicular axes, an x-axis, a y-axis and a z-axis, wherein the x-axis, the y-axis and the z-axis can be independently moved, and all positions can be moved within a cubic moving range.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, a controller may be provided, and the controller is connected to the displacement table, the controller may be connected to a computer through a USB interface, a user may perform human-computer interaction through software on the computer, so as to implement operation on the displacement table, and when the displacement table is operated to move, the convex lens is driven to move, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the optical path.

Furthermore, the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x-axis, the y-axis and the z-axis can be measured through a single photon detector, wherein the single photon detector can be manufactured through an Avalanche Photo Diode (APD), fluorescence is focused on a photosensitive surface of the APD through a light path, the APD uploads the number of photons collected in unit time in real time, the total number of photons in a certain period of time can be read through software, the real-time measurement of the fluorescence intensity can be realized, and the fluorescence intensity can be compared when the total number of photons is converted to the same time length.

And S2, obtaining a first curve, a second curve and a third curve according to the fluorescence intensity corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis.

It can be understood that, after the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates are obtained, the embodiment of the present invention may draw a curve with the coordinate values as abscissa and the fluorescence intensities as ordinate, wherein a first curve may be drawn according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x-axis, a second curve may be drawn according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the y-axis, and a third curve may be drawn according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the z-axis. It should be noted that, the embodiment of the present invention may also be plotted with the coordinate value as the ordinate and the fluorescence intensity as the abscissa, and is not limited herein.

And S3, fitting the first curve, the second curve and the third curve respectively to obtain the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are fitted separately by a gaussian function.

And S4, determining the position of the displacement table according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak so as to adjust the optical path.

Therefore, after the displacement table is moved according to the steps, the position with the maximum fluorescence reading can be reached. When the laser intensity is the same, the fluorescence intensity is also the same, and the position where the fluorometer count is the largest is collected, i.e. the position where the corresponding red light collection efficiency is the highest, i.e. the position of the optimal light path.

According to the method for automatically adjusting the optical path of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the y axis of the displacement table can be respectively obtained, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are obtained according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to the different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the y axis, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are respectively fitted, the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak are obtained, and the position of the displacement table is determined according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak, so that the optical path is adjusted. Therefore, the problems of trouble and time consumption in light path adjustment in the related art are solved, automatic adjustment of the light path is realized, high collection efficiency of fluorescence can be guaranteed, and the fluorescent tube is simple in structure, automatic in adjustment, high in precision, stable and short in time consumption.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an automatic optical path adjusting device of an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer includes a convex lens mounted on a displacement stage that includes mutually perpendicular x, y and z axes.

As shown in fig. 3, the optical path automatic adjusting apparatus of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer includes: a first acquisition module 100, a second acquisition module 200, a third acquisition module 300, and an adjustment module 400.

The first obtaining module 100 is configured to obtain fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of an x axis, a y axis, and a z axis, respectively; the second obtaining module 200 is configured to obtain a first curve, a second curve, and a third curve according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis. The third obtaining module 300 is configured to fit the first curve, the second curve, and the third curve respectively to obtain a position of the first central peak, a position of the second central peak, and a position of the third central peak. The adjusting module 400 is configured to determine a position of the displacement stage according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak, and the position of the third central peak, so as to adjust the optical path.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first obtaining module is specifically configured to: keeping the y axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensities of the displacement table at different coordinates of the x axis; keeping the x axis and the z axis unchanged by taking the displacement table as a center, and acquiring corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the y axis; and taking the displacement table as a center, keeping the x axis and the y axis unchanged, and acquiring the corresponding fluorescence intensity of the displacement table at different coordinates of the z axis.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are fitted separately by a gaussian function.

It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the embodiment of the method for automatically adjusting an optical path of an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer is also applicable to the optical path automatic adjusting apparatus of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer of the embodiment, and details are not repeated here.

According to the automatic light path adjusting device of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of an x axis, a y axis and a y axis of the displacement table can be respectively obtained, a first curve, a second curve and a third curve are obtained according to the fluorescence intensities corresponding to different coordinates of the x axis, the y axis and the y axis, the first curve, the second curve and the third curve are respectively fitted, the position of a first central peak, the position of a second central peak and the position of a third central peak are obtained, and the position of the displacement table is determined according to the position of the first central peak, the position of the second central peak and the position of the third central peak, so that the light path is adjusted. Therefore, the problems of trouble and time consumption in light path adjustment in the related art are solved, automatic adjustment of the light path is realized, high collection efficiency of fluorescence can be guaranteed, and the fluorescent tube is simple in structure, automatic in adjustment, high in precision, stable and short in time consumption.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: the optical path automatic adjusting method of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer is realized when the processor executes the program.

The embodiment of the invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the program is executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned optical path automatic adjustment method for the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrometer.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.