阅读说明：本技术 紧凑型折叠式摄影机及其组装方法 (Compact folding camera and method of assembling the same ) 是由 伊泰·杰比 伊泰·耶德 G·艾维维 E·戈登堡 G·巴沙尔 G·沙布岱 于 2017-12-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及折叠式摄影机及其组装方法,折叠式摄影机包括：具有透镜光轴并且位于光径折叠单元(OPFE)与图像传感器之间的光径中的可移动透镜,其中OPFE把光从第一方向折叠到第二方向,所述第二方向基本上是沿着透镜光轴；以及用于受控的透镜移动的致动器,所述致动器包括或者被附着到部分地围绕透镜的屏蔽,所述屏蔽具有被定位并且被确定规格成允许从基本上平行于第一方向的插入方向把透镜安装到屏蔽中的开口。本文中所公开的折叠式摄影机可以与直立式摄影机一起被包括在双摄影机中。(The invention relates to a folding camera and its assembling method, the folding camera includes: a movable lens having a lens optical axis and located in an optical path between an optical path folding unit (OPFE) and the image sensor, wherein the OPFE folds the light from a first direction to a second direction, the second direction being substantially along the lens optical axis; and an actuator for controlled lens movement, the actuator comprising or being attached to a shield partially surrounding the lens, the shield having an opening positioned and dimensioned to allow mounting of the lens into the shield from an insertion direction substantially parallel to the first direction. The folded camera disclosed herein may be included in a dual camera along with an upright camera.)

1. A method for assembling a folded camera, comprising:

a) providing an actuator for a folded camera, the actuator having a shield;

b) inserting a lens of the folded camera into the actuator through an opening in the shield, the lens having a lens optical axis;

c) inserting an optical path folding unit into the actuator, wherein the optical path folding unit folds light arriving from a first direction into a second direction with a top surface of the shield facing light from the first direction, wherein the lens optical axis is substantially parallel to the second direction;

d) covering the opening of the shield with a cover; and

e) attaching an image sensor of the folded camera to the actuator.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein covering the opening of the shield with the cover comprises fixedly attaching the cover to the shield.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the opening is a top opening in the shield, and wherein inserting the optical path folding unit into the actuator comprises inserting the optical path folding unit from a top surface of the actuator.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the opening is a top opening in the shield, and wherein inserting the optical path folding unit into the actuator comprises inserting the optical path folding unit from a bottom surface of the actuator.

5. A method for assembling a folded camera, comprising:

a) providing an actuator for a folded camera, the actuator having a shield and a base divided into a back-side base member and a front-side base member;

b) inserting a lens of the folded camera into the actuator through an opening in the shield, the lens having a lens optical axis;

c) inserting an optical path folding unit into the backside base member of the actuator, wherein the optical path folding unit folds light arriving from a first direction into a second direction with a top surface of the shield facing light from the first direction, wherein the lens optical axis is substantially parallel to the second direction;

d) attaching the back-side base member to the front-side base member;

e) covering the opening of the shield with a cover; and

f) attaching an image sensor of the folded camera to the actuator.

Technical Field

Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to digital cameras and, in particular, to slim folded optical cameras.

Background

In recent years, mobile devices such as cellular phones (and smart phones in particular), tablet devices and laptop computers have become ubiquitous. Many of these devices include one or two compact cameras, including, for example, a primary camera that faces rearward (i.e., a camera at the back of the device that faces away from the user and is often used for casual photography) and a secondary camera that faces forward (i.e., a camera at the front of the device that is often used for video conferencing).

Although relatively compact in nature, most of these cameras are still designed very similar to the conventional structure of a digital still camera, that is to say that it comprises a lens package (or a string of several optical units) placed over an image sensor. The lens assembly (also referred to as a "lens module" or simply a "lens") refracts incoming light rays and bends them to produce an image of the scene on the sensor. The specifications of these cameras are determined to a large extent by the size of the sensor and by the height of the optics. These factors are typically linked together by the focal length ("f") of the lens and its field of view (FOV) -a lens that must image a particular FOV onto a sensor of a particular size has a particular focal length. By keeping the FOV constant, the larger the gauge of the sensor, the larger the focal length and optics height.

The assembly process of a conventional camera typically involves several sub-kit manipulations: a lens, a sensor board sub-assembly and an actuator. The lens is usually made of plastic and comprises several (3-7) lens units, usually made of plastic or glass. The sensor board sub-assembly typically includes an image sensor, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and electronics required for operation of the camera, as is known in the art. Actuators are used for several purposes: (1) it acts as a chassis for the camera on which other components are also mounted; (2) it is used to move the lens with respect to optical needs, for example for focusing and in particular auto-focusing (AF) and/or Optical Image Stabilization (OIS); and (3) it is used to mechanically protect other components of the camera. In the known art, the lens is inserted and attached (e.g. glued) to the actuator from one side along the optical axis of the lens, and the sensor plate is attached (e.g. glued) to the actuator from the opposite side along the optical axis.

Recently, a "folded camera module" has been proposed in order to reduce the height of a compact camera. In the folding camera, an optical path folding unit (hereinafter referred to as "OPFE"), such as a prism or a mirror (hereinafter collectively referred to as "reflecting unit"), is added to tilt the light propagation direction from perpendicular to the back surface of the smartphone to parallel to the back surface of the smartphone. If the folded camera module is part of a dual-aperture camera, this provides a folded optical path through a lens assembly (e.g., a tele lens). Such cameras are referred to herein as "folded lens dual-aperture cameras" or "dual-aperture cameras with folded lenses". In general, a folded camera module may be included in a multi-aperture camera, for example in a three-aperture camera together with two "unfolded" (upright) camera modules.

The small height of a folded camera module (or simply "folded camera") is important to allow host devices (e.g. smart phones, tablet devices, laptop computers, smart televisions) comprising said folded camera module to be as slim as possible. The height of the camera is many times limited by industrial design. In contrast, increasing the available height for the lens, sensor and OPFE can improve the optical properties. It is therefore desirable to have a folded camera in which the height of the lens is greatest for a given camera height and/or the height of the image sensor active area is greatest for a given camera height and/or the height of the OPFE is greatest for a given camera height.

Disclosure of Invention

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to a slim folded camera.

In various exemplary embodiments, there is provided a folding camera including: a movable lens located in an optical path between the OPFE and the image sensor, wherein the OPFE folds the light from a first direction to a second direction, and wherein the lens has a lens optical axis substantially parallel to the second direction and a lens height substantially aligned with the first direction; a shield partially surrounding the lens and having a shield thickness, wherein the shield is part of the actuator and comprises top and bottom parts having respective top and bottom surfaces lying in a plane substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and one of the shield top or bottom parts has a respective opening; and a cover having a first cover thickness and covering the opening in the shield, wherein the folded camera has a camera height substantially equal to the sum of the lens height, the first cover thickness, the shield thickness, a dimension of a first air gap between first points on the lens surface facing the cover, and a dimension of a second air gap between second points on the lens surface diametrically opposite the first points and facing the shield.

It should be mentioned that the terms "top" and "bottom" as used hereinafter refer to a specific position/orientation: the "top" indicates the side of the folded camera or the components of the folded camera in a direction towards the object of interest (not shown) being photographed, and the "bottom" indicates the side of the folded camera or the components of the folded camera in a direction away from the object of interest (opposite thereto) being photographed. In other words, the terms "top" and "bottom" refer to the positioning of the component/unit/assembly in a plane perpendicular to the axis 112 (see fig. 1A below), wherein the "top" is in a plane closer to the object of interest to be photographed and the "bottom" is in a plane further away from the object of interest to be photographed than the top plane.

In one exemplary embodiment, the other of the top or bottom members of the shield includes a corresponding second opening covered by a cover having a corresponding second cover thickness, the second air gap is between the second point and the second cover, and the second cover thickness replaces the shield thickness.

In one exemplary embodiment, each air gap is in the range of 10-50 μm. In one exemplary embodiment, each air gap is in the range of 10-100 μm. In one exemplary embodiment, each air gap is in the range of 10-150 μm.

In an exemplary embodiment, the folded camera further comprises a lens carrier body for holding the lens, said lens carrier body having a V-shaped groove structure for mechanically positioning the lens at a correct position inside the shield.

In an exemplary embodiment, the opening in the shield is dimensioned to allow insertion of the lens into the shield in a direction parallel to the first direction and perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens.

In one exemplary embodiment, the image sensor is wire bonded to the printed circuit board with bond wires located on a side of the image sensor that is substantially perpendicular to the cover and to the opposing surface of the shield.

In one exemplary embodiment, the movable lens may be moved for focusing.

In one exemplary embodiment, the movable lens may be moved for optical image stabilization.

In various embodiments, the folded camera has a height that does not exceed the lens height by more than 800 μm. In one embodiment, the folded camera has a height that does not exceed the lens height by more than 700 μm. In one embodiment, the folded camera has a height that does not exceed the lens height by more than 600 μm.

In one exemplary embodiment, there is provided a folding camera including: a movable lens having a lens optical axis and located in an optical path between the OPFE and the image sensor, wherein the OPFE folds the light from a first direction to a second direction, the second direction being substantially along the lens optical axis; and an actuator for controlled lens movement, the actuator comprising a shield partially surrounding the lens and having an opening positioned and dimensioned to allow the lens to be mounted into the shield from an insertion direction substantially parallel to the first direction.

In an exemplary embodiment, the folded camera further comprises a lens carrier body for holding the lens, said lens carrier body having a V-shaped groove structure for mechanically positioning the lens at a correct position during mounting.

In one exemplary embodiment, a folded camera is provided, comprising a lens in an optical path between an optical path folding unit and an image sensor, the lens having a lens height and an optical axis, wherein the folded camera has a height that does not exceed the lens height by more than 600 μm.

In one exemplary embodiment, a folded camera is provided, comprising a lens located in an optical path between an OPFE and an image sensor, wherein the OPFE folds light from a first direction to a second direction, and wherein the image sensor is wire bonded to a printed circuit board with a wire bond located on a side of the image sensor substantially parallel to the first direction.

In various embodiments, a folded camera as described above and below is included in a dual camera along with an upright camera.

In various exemplary embodiments, a method for assembling a folded camera is provided, comprising: providing an actuator for a folded camera, the actuator having a shield; inserting a lens of a folded camera into an actuator through an opening in a shield, the lens having a lens optical axis; inserting an OPFE into the actuator, wherein the OPFE folds light arriving from the first direction into a second direction, wherein a top surface of the shield faces light from the first direction, and wherein the lens optical axis is substantially parallel to the second direction; covering the shield opening with a cover; and attaching an image sensor of the folded camera to the actuator.

In one exemplary embodiment, covering the shield opening with the cover includes fixedly attaching the cover to the shield.

In an exemplary embodiment, the opening is a top opening in the shield, and wherein inserting the OPFE into the actuator comprises inserting the OPFE from a top surface of the actuator.

In an exemplary embodiment, the opening is a top opening in the shield, and wherein inserting the OPFE into the actuator comprises inserting the OPFE from a bottom surface of the actuator.

In one exemplary embodiment, a method for assembling a folded camera is provided, comprising: providing an actuator for a folded camera, the actuator having a shield and a base divided into a back-side base member and a front-side base member; inserting a lens of a folded camera into an actuator through an opening in a shield, the lens having a lens optical axis; inserting an OPFE into the actuator backside base member, wherein the OPFE folds light arriving from the first direction into a second direction, wherein the top surface of the shield faces light from the first direction, and wherein the lens optical axis is substantially parallel to the second direction; attaching the back-side base member to the front-side base member; covering the shield opening with a cover; and attaching an image sensor of the folded camera to the actuator.

Drawings

Non-limiting examples of embodiments disclosed herein will be described below with reference to the figures listed after this paragraph. Identical structures, units or components that appear in more than one figure are generally labeled by the same reference numeral in all the figures in which they appear. The drawings and description are intended to illustrate and clarify embodiments disclosed herein and should not be taken to be limiting in any way. In the drawings:

fig. 1A shows one example of a folded camera disclosed herein;

FIG. 1B shows the folded camera of FIG. 1A divided into several components and sub-systems or sub-packages;

fig. 1C shows one embodiment of an actuator of the folded camera of fig. 1A with opposite lens and OPFE insertion directions into the actuator;

FIG. 1D illustrates one embodiment of an actuator of the folded camera of FIG. 1A with the same lens and OPFE insertion direction into the actuator;

FIG. 2A shows an isometric view of a lens of the folded camera of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2B shows a longitudinal cross section of a lens of the folded camera of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2C shows a radial cross section of one embodiment of a lens of the folded camera of FIG. 1A having top and bottom flat facets;

FIG. 2D shows a radial cross section of one embodiment of a lens of the folded camera of FIG. 1A without top and bottom flat facets;

FIG. 3A shows an exploded view of an image sensor-PCB sub-assembly of the folded camera of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 3B shows a rigid sensor PCB with bond wires and an image sensor in the image sensor-PCB sub-assembly of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4A shows an exploded view of the actuator of the folded camera of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 4B shows the electronic subsystems of the folded camera of FIG. 1A from one side;

FIG. 4C shows the electronic subsystems of the folded camera of FIG. 1A from the other side;

FIG. 4D illustrates another embodiment of an actuator of the folded camera of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 5A shows a longitudinal cross section of the completed folded camera cut along A-A in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 5B shows a radial cross section of the completed folded camera cut along B-B in FIG. 1A;

fig. 6 shows an internal structure of a driver integrated circuit for an actuator;

fig. 7 schematically shows an example of a dual camera including a folded camera and an upright camera as in fig. 1A;

FIG. 8A schematically illustrates various steps in the assembly of a folded camera according to one exemplary embodiment;

fig. 8B schematically shows various steps in the assembly of a folded camera according to another exemplary embodiment.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1A shows an isometric view of one embodiment of a folded camera, numbered 100. The orthogonal X-Y-Z coordinate ("axis") system shown is also applicable to all subsequent figures. This coordinate system is exemplary. Fig. 1B shows camera 100 divided into several components and subsystems or sub-packages: a lens assembly (or simply "lens") 102, an Optical Path Folding Element (OPFE)104, an image sensor-PCB sub-assembly 106, an actuator 108, and a top cover 110. Top closure 110 includes a segment 110a and a segment 110b having an opening 110 c. In certain embodiments (such as in fig. 1A and 1B), segments 110a and 110B are part of a single flat plate (cover 110).

In certain embodiments (such as in fig. 1C and 1D), segments 110a and 110b are separate portions of closure 110. OPFE104 folds the optical path along axis 112 parallel to the Y axis (in the exemplary coordinate system) from the object (not shown) into the optical path along axis 114 parallel to the Z axis (in the exemplary coordinate system). Axis 114 is the optical axis of lens 102. The image sensor 116 included in the sub-assembly 106 has a planar surface that is substantially aligned with the axis 114. That is, the image sensor 116 is located in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis 114. Fig. 1C shows one embodiment of camera 100 with an opposite lens and OPFE insertion direction into actuator 108, while fig. 1D shows another embodiment of camera 100 with the same lens and OPFE insertion direction into actuator 108. As used herein, "substantially" in reference to an orientation may refer to an exact alignment with the orientation, or a deviation of up to 0.5 degrees, up to 1 degree, up to 5 degrees, or even up to 10 degrees.

The top cover 110 is for example made of metal, for example a non-ferromagnetic stainless steel sheet with a typical thickness of 50-300 μm. After assembly of actuator 108 and after mounting lens 102 and OPFE104 in actuator 108, top cover 110 is positioned on the top side of actuator 108. Top cap 110 is brought into close contact with the top surface of OPFE104 during installation (nominal gap of 10-30 μm). Opening 110c is designed such that light from the subject will pass through the opening and reach OPFE 104.

Details of the lens 102 are shown in fig. 2A-2D and will be described with reference to fig. 2A-2D. Details of the sub-assembly 106 are shown in fig. 3A-3B and will be described with reference to fig. 3A-3B. Details of the actuator 108 are shown in fig. 4A-C and will be described with reference to fig. 4A-C.

The height H of the camera 100 is defined along the Y-axis (direction of axis 112) from the lowermost end to the uppermost end, excluding the flexible PCB304 and the connector 306 (see fig. 3B below). H is a valuable significant figure in commercial applications. Therefore, reducing H to as small as possible for a given lens size is an important design goal. Alternatively, maximizing lens size for a given H is an important design goal.

Fig. 2A shows an isometric view of the lens 102, fig. 2B shows a longitudinal cross-section of the lens 102, and fig. 2C and 2D show radial cross-sections of the lens 102 with and without a flat cut surface on the top and bottom external lens surfaces, respectively. The lens 102 includes several lens units 202A-d (typically 3-8, four of which are shown in FIG. 2A as an example), each of which is molded, for example, from plastic or glass. The lens units 202a-d are accommodated in a lens barrel 204, for example made of plastic molding. The lens height (or "outer diameter" in the case of a cylindrical lens) 206 is defined as the distance along the Y-axis (or in the same direction as the camera height H) from a lowermost point 206a on the outer surface of the lens 102 to an uppermost point 206b on the outer surface of the lens 102. Generally, points 206a-b are located on lens barrel 204, that is, the height of lens 102 is limited by lens barrel 204. In some embodiments, at least one of the lens units 202a-d may extend outside of the lens barrel 204. In such embodiments, the height of the lens 102 may be limited by one or more of the cells 202a-d and/or by the lens barrel 204. The optical aperture 208 of the lens 102 is defined as the diameter of the opening in the lens 102 towards the OPFE (104) side, as is known in the art. The optical aperture 208 determines many properties of the optical quality of the lens 102 and camera 100, as is known in the art. The goal of the lens design is to maximize the optical aperture 208 compared to the lens height. The lens 102 generally has an overall cylindrical shape with a diameter that is generally 600-2600 μm larger than the optical aperture 208. In some embodiments, two flat facets 210a-b may be provided in the outer surface (envelope) of the top and bottom sides of the lens 102, thereby reducing the lens height 206 by typically 50-200 μm per facet, that is to say a total of 100 μm and 400 μm. In such an embodiment, the flat cut plane coincides with the lowermost and uppermost points 206 a-b. The radial sections in fig. 2C and 2D show lenses with (fig. 2C) and without (fig. 2D) flat facets. The reduction in lens height (outer diameter) does not change the size of the optical aperture 208.

Fig. 3A shows an exploded view of the image sensor-PCB sub-assembly 106. The sub-assembly 106 includes an image sensor 116, a rigid sensor PCB 302, a flexible PCB304, a connector 306, a bracket 306, and an IR filter 310. The image sensor 116 is typically made of silicon as is known in the art, which is first mechanically attached (glued) and then electrically wire bonded to the rigid sensor PCB 302. To minimize the camera height H and maximize the height of the image sensor 116 (along the Y dimension), the bond wires 312 of the image sensor 116 are located only on both sides thereof (along the X direction). By positioning the bond wires 312 only to the side of the image sensor 116, the rigid sensor PCB 302 is allowed not to exceed the camera height H, as defined later. Thus, H may be minimized for a given PCB size, or PCB size may be maximized for a given H.

Fig. 3B shows the rigid sensor PCB 302 and the image sensor 116 with bond wires 312. The hard sensor PCB 302 also includes four wiring pads 314a-d positioned beside the wiring pads 452a-d (FIG. 4C) to pass electrical signals to the IC driver 450 (FIG. 4B), as described below. It is known to make the rigid sensor PCB 302 and the flexible PCB304 as one unit in rigid-flex technology. The rigid sensor PCB 302 has rigid mechanical properties that allow for the mounting of the sensor 116 and other optional electronic components, such as capacitors, resistors, memory ICs, etc. (not shown in the figures). The rigid sensor PCB 302 may have several (typically 2-6) layers of metal (e.g. copper) and a thickness of 200 μm or more. The flexible PCB304 has flexible mechanical properties allowing it to bend so that the position of the connector 306 does not increase the height H of the camera 100. The flexible PCB304 may have only two copper layers and a thickness of 50-100 μm. These and other fabrication considerations for rigid, flexible, and rigid-flex PCBs are known in the art.

Connector 306 is a board-to-board connector as known in the art. Connector 306 is soldered to PCB304 and allows the transmission and reception of digital signals required for the operation of image sensor 116 and IC driver 450 from the host device in which the camera is mounted. The host may be, for example, a cellular phone, a computer, a television, a drone, smart glasses, and so forth.

The camera 100 has the ability to actuate (move) the lens 102 along its optical axis 114 for focusing or auto-focusing (AF) purposes, as is known in the art. The focus actuation is performed using the actuator 108 and will now be described in more detail with reference to fig. 4A-4C.

Fig. 4A shows an exploded view of the actuator 108. The actuator 108 includes an actuated sub-assembly 402. Actuated sub-assembly 402 includes a lens carrier 404, typically made of plastic, an actuating magnet 406, and a sensing magnet 408. The magnets 406 and 408 may be, for example, permanent magnets made of neodymium alloys (e.g., Nd2Fe14B) or samarium cobalt alloys (e.g., SmCo 5). The magnet 406 may be fabricated (e.g., sintered) such that it changes the direction of the magnetic poles: the north pole faces the negative X direction on the positive Z side and the north pole faces the positive X direction on the negative Z side. The magnet 408 may be fabricated (e.g., sintered) with its north magnetic pole facing in the negative Z direction. The magnets 406 and 408 are fixedly attached (e.g. glued) to the lens carrier 404 from the side (X direction). In other embodiments, the magnet 406 and/or the magnet 408 may be attached to the lens carrier 404 from the bottom (negative Y-direction). The magnetic function of the magnets 406 and 408 will be described below.

The lens carrier 404 houses the lens 102 in the interior volume. The lens carrier 404 has a bottom opening (or gap) 410a, a bottom opening (or gap) 410b, a front side opening 410c, and a back side opening 410 d. The top opening 410a is made such that the lens 102 can be inserted therein (i.e., passed through) during the assembly process. Openings 410a and/or 410b are designed such that when lens 102 is positioned inside lens carrier 404, there are no other components at the lowest and/or uppermost points (e.g., 206a-b) in lens 102 and between bottom cover 412 and top cover 110, respectively. The dimensions of the openings 410c and 410d are determined such that the lens carrier 404 will not interfere with light coming from the OPFE to the image sensor. That is, the openings 410c and 410d are made such that (1) any light rays from the OPFE that would otherwise pass through the lens 102 to the sensor 116 in the absence of the lens carrier 404 will pass through the openings 410c-d to the sensor 116, and (2) any light rays from the OPFE that would not otherwise reach the sensor 116 in the absence of the lens carrier 404 will not reach the sensor 116. Furthermore, in some embodiments, actuated sub-assembly 402 may be designed such that there is no point higher on actuated sub-assembly 402 than point 206a, and no point lower on actuated sub-assembly 402 than point 206 b. This feature ensures that the height of the camera 100 is limited only by the lens height 206.

The actuator 108 further comprises a base 420, for example made of plastic or liquid crystal polymer. The actuated sub-assembly 402 is suspended above the mount 420 using two springs: namely a front spring 422 and a back spring 424. Springs 422 and 424 may be made of, for example, stainless steel or beryllium copper. The springs 422 and 424 are designed such that they form linear tracks along the Z-axis, that is to say they have a low spring constant along the Z-axis and a high spring constant in the other direction: y-axis, X-axis, and rotation about X, Y and Z-axis. The use of two springs to create a linear track is known in the art, but the springs 422 and 424 are designed such that their suspension points on the mount 420 are on one side (positive X-axis) and their suspension points on the lens carrier 404 are on the other side (negative X-axis). In addition, each of the springs 422 and 424 has an open circular part. The described spring design allows the following attributes: (1) achieving desired linear track properties; (2) the spring does not sacrifice the optical properties of the camera 100 by blocking any light from the OPFE to the image sensor; (3) the spring does not reflect any light from the OPFE or from the lens 102 that would otherwise reach the sensor; (4) neither spring 422 nor 424 is suspended along the Y-axis, so no additional height is required or used for suspension; and (5) the spring can withstand dropping of the camera.

In some embodiments, the actuator 108 also includes an integrated shield 430, which is typically made of a folded sheet of non-ferromagnetic stainless steel and has a typical thickness of 100-. In other embodiments, camera 100 may include a shield similar to shield 430 that is fixedly attached to camera 100 and/or to actuator 108 at some stage of assembly. The description herein refers to the shield as "part" of the actuator, whether the shield is integral to the actuator or a separate component that is fixedly attached to the actuator. Referring also to fig. 1B, shield 430 surrounds base 420 and actuated sub-assembly 402 on four sides. Some sections of the shield may have openings and other sections may not. For example, an opening 431 in the top member of the shield allows the lens 102 to be mounted in the actuator 108. In some embodiments, top cover 110 and bottom cover 412 are the only components (other than the lens) that increase the camera height H. In some embodiments (as in fig. 4A), bottom cover 412 is part of shield 430, while in other embodiments, bottom cover 412 may be separate from shield 430. In some embodiments, shield 430 may have a varying height within the ranges given above, with the thickness of bottom cap 412 being maintained within the range of 50-200 μm.

In camera 100, OPFE104 is positioned in back side 432 of base 420 (negative Z). Fig. 4D shows another embodiment of the actuator disclosed herein, numbered 108'. In the actuator 108', the base 420 is divided into two parts: a base back side 432 and a base front side 433. In actuator 108 ', OPFE104 is mounted in base back side 432, and then base back side 432 is attached (e.g., glued) to the other components of actuator 108'.

The actuator 108 also includes an electronics subsystem 440, with figure 4B showing the electronics subsystem 440 from one side, and figure 4C showing the electronics subsystem 440 from the other side. Electronics subsystem 440 includes actuator PCB442, coil 444, and driver Integrated Circuit (IC) 450. The coil 444 and the IC450 are soldered to the actuator PCB442 such that the coil 444 is electrically connected to the IC450 and the IC450 is connected to four routing contacts 452a-d on the actuator PCB 442. The wiring contacts 452a-d are used to deliver electrical signals to the IC 450. As is known in the art, the four electrical signals typically include an operating voltage (Vdd), ground (Gnd), and two signals (signal clock (SCL) and Signal Data (SDA)) that are used for the IIC protocol. In other embodiments, other protocols may be used, such as the SPI protocol known in the art, or the IC450 may require more than one operating voltage to operate; in such a case, there may be more or less than 4 wiring contacts, for example in the range of 2-8. The actuator PCB442 is glued to the base 420 from the outside, such that the coil 442 and the IC450 pass through the hole 420a in the base 420, and such that the coil 444 is positioned beside the magnet 406 and the IC450 is positioned beside the magnet 408. Typical distances of the coil 444 to the magnet 406 and the IC450 to the magnet 480 are in the range of 50-200 μm. This distance may allow actuated sub-assembly 402 to move along the Z-axis without interference. In certain embodiments, the actuator 108 may operate in an open loop control method known in the art, that is, where a current signal is sent to the coil without a position control mechanism.

Coil 444 has an exemplary stadium shape, typically having tens of windings (e.g., in the non-limiting range of 50-250), and has a typical resistance of 10-30 ohms. The coil 444 is fixedly connected to the IC450 so that an input current can be sent to the coil 444. The current in the coil 444 creates a lorentz force due to the magnetic field of the magnet 406: as an example, a current in a clockwise direction will produce a force in the positive Z direction, and a current in a counter-clockwise direction will produce a force in the negative Z direction. A fully magnetic solution, such as the pole orientation of the fixed magnet 406, is known in the art and is described in detail in, for example, patent application PCT/IB 2016/052179.

Fig. 5A and 5B show a cross-section of the complete camera 100 cut along a-a and B-B (fig. 1A), respectively. The A-A and B-B cuts lie in the Y-Z and X-Y planes, respectively. As shown in the cross-section of fig. 5B, lens carrier 404 may also include a V-shaped groove 504 in its bottom. The V-shaped groove 504 allows pick-and-place placement of the lens 102 by insertion from the top opening 410a without active alignment (see below).

In the embodiment shown in fig. 5A and 5B, the height H of the camera 100 is equal to the height of the lens 102 + the thickness of the bottom cover 412 + the thickness of the top cover 110 + the two air gaps 510a and 510B. The air gaps 510a-b are sized to allow movement of the lens 102 during actuation without interference. The movement of the lens 102 is for focusing along the Z-axis (and in particular for auto-focusing) and/or for OIS along the X-direction; actuation patterns for both AF and OIS are known in the art. For example, in certain embodiments, each air gap 510a or 510b may be greater than about 10 μm, such as in the range of 10-50 μm, 10-100 μm, or 10-150 μm. Thus, the structure of camera 100 maximizes the contribution of lens 102 to the overall height of camera 100. In other embodiments, the camera height may be slightly above H, for example up to 300 μm, since OPFE or image sensors have a height specification slightly above H. In summary, in camera 100, height H is no more than 600 μm higher than height 206 of lens 102. In this specification, the use of the term "about" or "substantially" or "approximately" in relation to a height or another dimension, in certain embodiments, means the exact value of the height or dimension. In other embodiments, these terms mean an exact numerical value plus a change to 1% of the numerical value, an exact numerical value plus a change to 5% of the numerical value, or even an exact numerical value plus a change to 10% of the exact numerical value.

Fig. 6 shows the internal structure of the IC 450. IC450 includes a current drive circuit 602 (H-bridge as an example), a position (e.g., PID) controller 604, an analog-to-digital converter (A2D)606, a Hall bar unit 608, and a user interface 610. Upon actuation, the relative positions of the actuated sub-assembly 402 and the Hall bar element 608 are changed. The strength and direction of the magnetic field sensed by the Hall bar element 608 is also changed. The output voltage of the Hall cell 608 is proportional to the magnetic field strength. A2D 606 converts the voltage level to a number that is input to position controller 604. Position controller 604 is used to control the position of the actuated sub-assembly and is set to the position commands given by the user in user interface 610. The control circuit output is the amount of current applied in the coil 444. A fully magnetic solution (e.g. fixing the pole orientation of the magnet 408) is known in the art and is described in detail in, for example, PCT patent application PCT/IB 2016/052179.

The description of the actuator 108 provided herein is merely an example. In other embodiments, the actuator may have a different guiding mechanism (e.g. a ball-guided actuator as disclosed in commonly owned patent application PCT/IB 2017/054088), may include more actuation directions (e.g. an actuator including AF and OIS as disclosed in PCT/IB 2017/054088), may have a different magnetic scheme (e.g. an actuator having a magneto-resistive magnetic scheme as disclosed in commonly owned us patent 9,448,382). In all such cases, the actuators may be sized/manufactured/designed such that some or all of the following properties of camera 100 are maintained: (1) height H is no more than 600 μm above height 206 of lens 102; (2) the height H is substantially equal to the sum of a lens height (206), a first cover thickness, a shield thickness, a dimension of a first air gap between first points on the lens surface facing the cover, and a dimension of a second air gap between second points on the lens surface diametrically opposite the first points and facing the shield; (3) there is no point on actuated sub-assembly 402 that is higher than point 206a and no point on actuated sub-assembly 402 that is lower than point 206 b.

Fig. 7 shows a dual camera 700, which includes, for example, a camera such as camera 100 and an upright camera 702, the latter being known in the art. The operation of dual cameras is known in the art and is described, for example, in commonly owned patent applications PCT/IB2015/056004 and PCT/IB 2016/052179. Camera 702 is fixedly attached to camera 100 proximate OPFE 104. In embodiment 700, the position of camera 702 is on the negative Z-side of folded camera 100 and mechanical attachment is achieved using bracket 704, which is typically made of stainless steel. In other embodiments, camera 702 may be located on the negative or positive X side of camera 100, such as described in PCT/IB 2016/052179. In other embodiments, camera 702 may be attached to camera 100 by other means and means besides bracket 704.

Example of the folding Camera Assembly Process

In one embodiment, after assembly of an actuator, such as actuator 108, as known in the art, one exemplary assembly process (method) for a folded camera described with reference to fig. 8A may include:

-step 1: the lens 102 is inserted into the actuator 108 from the top (Y direction perpendicular to the optical axis 114) and attached to the lens carrier 404, for example using a pick-and-place method. This may be achieved due to the top opening 431 remaining in the shield 430 of the actuator 108 and the opening 410a remaining in the lens carrier 404 of the actuator 108, and due to the mechanical structure of the lens carrier 404 and the base 420. When the lens 102 is inserted, an air gap 510b is formed below the lens 102 and above the shield 430.

-step 2: OPFE104 is inserted into base 420 of actuator 108 from the top (Y-direction perpendicular to optical axis 114), for example, using a pick-and-place method. This may be achieved due to the mechanical structure of the base 420.

-step 3: top cover 110 is fixedly attached to the top surface of shield 430. When the top cover 110 is secured, an air gap 510a is formed above the lens 102 and below the cover 110.

-step 4: an image sensor-PCB sub-assembly 106 is mounted. Two alternative methods may be used to mount the sensor 116: (1) an active alignment process or (2) a mechanical alignment process. The two alignment processes allow setting of the image sensor perpendicular to the optical axis 114 with different accuracy, as is known in the art.

By creating air gaps 510a, 510b in previous steps 1 and 3, respectively, movement of lens 102 relative to other components of camera 100 is allowed.

The previous assembly process (steps 1-4) is relevant for folded cameras as in fig. 1B and 5B. In certain other embodiments, such as in fig. 1C and 1D, the assembly process may include inserting the OPFE from one side and inserting the lens from the opposite side. In other embodiments, the insertion of the lens may be through a bottom opening (not shown) in the bottom surface of the shield opposite the front top opening, and then further covering the bottom opening with a bottom shield cover (not shown), which may have the same or similar thickness as the top cover.

In other embodiments with an actuator, such as actuator 108', where the base is split into two parts, OPFE104 can be inserted into base back side 432 from other directions (top or front side). In this case, the mount backside 432 can be attached to the actuator 108 '(fig. 8B) in step 2' between steps 2 and 3 after OPFE and lens mounting.

The phrases "for example," "such as," and variations thereof, as used herein, describe non-limiting embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter. Reference in the specification to "one," "some," "other," or variations thereof means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment(s) is included in at least one embodiment of the subject matter disclosed. Thus, appearances of the phrases "one instance," "some instances," "other instances," or variations thereof do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment(s).

Unless stated otherwise, the use of the expression "and/or" between the last two members of the list of options for selection indicates that a selection of one or more of the listed options is appropriate, and such a selection may be made.

It should be understood that when the claims or the specification refer to "a" or "an" element, that it should not be construed as having only one of the element.

It is appreciated that certain features of the embodiments disclosed herein, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments or examples, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features disclosed herein that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment disclosed herein. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments should not be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiments are inoperable without these elements.

In embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter, one or more of the steps shown in fig. 8A and 8B may be performed in a different order and/or one or more sets of steps may be performed concurrently.

All patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention.

While the present disclosure has been described in terms of certain embodiments and generally associated methods, those skilled in the art will recognize modifications and permutations of the embodiments and methods described. The present disclosure should be understood as not being limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but only by the scope of the appended claims.