阅读说明：本技术 一种氨基酸中量元素型水溶肥及制备方法与应用 (Amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 周旋 田昌 彭建伟 康兴蓉 周亮 于 2021-07-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种氨基酸中量元素型水溶肥及其制备方法与应用。所述氨基酸中量元素型水溶肥,包括以下按重量计组分：柑橘加工废弃物发酵液600-800份、40％氨基酸粉400-600份、生化黄腐酸钾150-200份、硝酸钙100-125份、硝酸镁180-200份、乳化剂6-10份、除垢剂6-10份和增效剂1-3份；有益效果为：(1)增产保质：水溶肥溶解率高,作物对养分的利用率高,利于作物光合作用,促进作物生长,显著提高产量,改善果实品质,提升营养物质含量；(2)营养均衡：富含作物所需的氨基酸及中量元素等,吸收利用率高,养分均衡,配方科学合理,能满足作物在不同生育期的营养需求。(The invention relates to an amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 800 portions of orange processing waste fermentation liquor, 600 portions of 40% amino acid powder, 200 portions of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 125 portions of calcium nitrate, 200 portions of magnesium nitrate, 6-10 portions of emulsifying agent, 6-10 portions of scale remover and 1-3 portions of synergist; the beneficial effects are that: (1) yield increase and quality guarantee: the water-soluble fertilizer has high dissolution rate, the crop has high utilization rate of nutrients, the photosynthesis of the crop is facilitated, the growth of the crop is promoted, the yield is obviously improved, the fruit quality is improved, and the content of nutrient substances is increased; (2) and (3) balancing nutrition: the nutrient solution is rich in amino acids, medium elements and the like required by crops, has high absorption and utilization rate and balanced nutrients, has scientific and reasonable formula, and can meet the nutritional requirements of the crops in different growth periods.)

1. The amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 800 portions of orange processing waste fermentation liquor, 600 portions of 40% amino acid powder, 200 portions of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 125 portions of calcium nitrate, 200 portions of magnesium nitrate, 6-10 portions of emulsifying agent, 6-10 portions of scale remover and 1-3 portions of synergist.

2. The amino acid medium-element water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fermentation broth of citrus processing waste comprises: crushing and homogenizing the citrus processing waste, adding white rot fungi and aspergillus tubingensis to perform anaerobic fermentation, and collecting residual liquid to obtain the citrus processing waste fermentation liquid.

3. The amino acid medium-element water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is one of tween 60 or tween 80.

4. The amino acid medium-element water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detergent is one of polyglutamic acid or polyglutamide.

5. The amino acid medium-element water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the synergist is one of thiourea, amide, phosphoryl ester or thiophosphoryl amide.

6. A method for preparing the amino acid medium-element water-soluble fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing fermentation liquor of citrus processing waste and 40% amino acid powder, adding a scale remover, and reacting for 4-6h at 50-60 deg.C;

(2) adding biochemical potassium fulvate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, an emulsifier and a synergist into the product obtained in the step (1), mixing, and stirring for reaction for 1-2 hours;

(3) homogenizing and refining the mixed solution obtained in the step (2), wherein the homogenizing time is 20-30min, the temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the homogenizing pressure is 110-130 MPa;

(4) and cooling and packaging the homogenized mixture to obtain the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer containing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the reaction temperature is stirred in step (2) at 50-70 ℃.

8. The application of the amino acid medium-element type water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the medium-element type amino acid water-soluble fertilizer containing the fermentation liquor of citrus processing waste is suitable for the whole growth period of crops.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer manufacturing, in particular to an amino acid medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The secondary elements are nutrient elements which are inferior to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium but higher than trace elements in the growth process of crops, and the secondary elements generally account for 0.1-1% of the dry weight of crops.

The production of the citrus in Hunan is stable in the first place of China, and in the dominant production areas of the citrus in Hunan and Hunan, the current varieties of navel oranges, ponkan oranges, crystal sugar oranges and the like are mainly eaten fresh. According to the statistics of the provinces, the planting area of the citrus in the whole province of 2017 is 570 ten thousand mu, the yield is 517 ten thousand tons, and the yield is increased by 13 ten thousand tons compared with the yield in the last year. The production capacity of oranges is increased, the fresh food market fluctuates, and the processing industry develops therewith. According to investigation, a certain enterprise in Hunan province purchases and processes 50 ten thousand tons of oranges every year, and 50 tons of orange processing wastes (peel residues and waste water) are produced every day, so that great environmental protection pressure is brought to the enterprise, and clean treatment and resource utilization are urgently needed. Citrus processing waste (peel, pulp residue, seeds, etc.) account for approximately 50% of the fruit weight, and the vast majority of the nutrients, particularly protein, in these wastes are significantly higher than fruit juices. Because the domestic orange processing industry falls behind, the comprehensive utilization degree is low. The citrus peel is rich in two important active substances, namely essential oil and pectin, has excellent nutrition and functional characteristics, and can be used as a raw material of a fertilizer after being treated, so that the application effect and the utilization value of the fertilizer product are greatly improved.

The water soluble fertilizer for agriculture at present mainly comprises a macroelement fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and a foliar fertilizer mixed with single or multiple trace elements, and after the water soluble fertilizer is used by crops, the water soluble fertilizer only plays a role in supplementing corresponding elements and has a certain effect of promoting the growth of the crops. However, the water soluble fertilizer sold in the market has the problems of poor solubility, poor crop absorption effect and the like. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization rate of the fertilizer is not high, the nutrient loss is large, and the cost is high. In addition, most of domestic and foreign water-soluble fertilizers are inorganic water-soluble fertilizers, and unreasonable application of the inorganic water-soluble fertilizers can easily cause soil fertility reduction and environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of the amino acid organic water-soluble fertilizer is an important development direction of sustainable agriculture.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an amino acid medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, and a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that citrus processing waste pollutes the environment, is difficult to treat, has poor solubility of the water-soluble fertilizer, and is low in absorption and utilization rate of crops on the water-soluble fertilizer.

The amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 800 portions of orange processing waste fermentation liquor, 600 portions of 40% amino acid powder, 200 portions of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 125 portions of calcium nitrate, 200 portions of magnesium nitrate, 6-10 portions of emulsifying agent, 6-10 portions of scale remover and 1-3 portions of synergist.

Preferably, the preparation method of the fermentation broth of citrus processing waste comprises the following steps: crushing and homogenizing the citrus processing waste, adding white rot fungi and aspergillus tubingensis to perform full anaerobic fermentation, and collecting residual liquid to obtain the citrus processing waste fermentation liquid.

Preferably, the emulsifier is one of tween 60 or tween 80.

Preferably, the detergent is one of polyglutamic acid or polyglutamide.

Preferably, the synergist is one of thiourea, amide, phosphoryl ester or thiophosphoryl amide.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the amino acid secondary element type water-soluble fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing fermentation liquor of citrus processing waste and 40% amino acid powder, adding a scale remover, and reacting for 4-6h at 50-60 deg.C;

(2) adding biochemical potassium fulvate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, an emulsifier and a synergist into a product obtained in the step (1), mixing, stirring and reacting for 1-2 hours, wherein the reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃;

(3) homogenizing and refining the mixed solution obtained in the step (2), wherein the homogenizing time is 20-30min, the temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the homogenizing pressure is 110-130 MPa;

(4) and cooling and packaging the homogenized mixture to obtain the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer containing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste.

Preferably, the reaction temperature is stirred in step (2) at 50-70 ℃.

The amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer is suitable for the whole growth period of crops.

The invention provides an amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, and the water-soluble fertilizer has the beneficial effects that:

(1) yield increase and quality guarantee: the water-soluble fertilizer has high dissolution rate, the utilization rate of the nutrient by crops is increased, the photosynthesis of the crops is obviously increased after the water-soluble fertilizer is applied, the growth of the crops is promoted, the yield of the crops is obviously increased, the fruit quality is improved, and the content of nutrient substances is increased;

(2) and (3) balancing nutrition: the product is rich in amino acids, medium elements and other nutrient components required by crops, has high absorption and utilization rate, rich nutrition and scientific and reasonable formula, and can meet the requirements of the crops on nutrients in different growth periods;

(3) saving and protecting the environment: the recycling of the citrus waste meets the basic requirements of current recycling economy sustainable development, saves production resources and reduces environmental pollution.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few, and not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The 40% amino acid powder, potassium fulvate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, tween 60, tween 80, polyglutamic acid, thiourea, amide, phosphoryl ester or thiophosphoryl amide in the examples and comparative examples are commercially available.

White rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) is deposited under the number GDMCC NO.3.383, Aspergillus tubingensis (Aspergillus tubingensis) is deposited under the number GDMCC NO.3.577, and purchased from Guangdong provincial collection of microorganisms.

The preparation method of the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste comprises the following steps: crushing and homogenizing the citrus processing waste, adding white rot fungi and aspergillus tubingensis to perform anaerobic fermentation, and collecting residual liquid to obtain the citrus processing waste fermentation liquid.

Example 1

The amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 600 parts of citrus processing waste fermentation liquor, 400 parts of 40% amino acid powder, 150 parts of biochemical potassium fulvate, 100 parts of calcium nitrate, 180 parts of magnesium nitrate, 6 parts of tween 60, 6 parts of polyglutamic acid and 1 part of thiophosphoryl amide;

the preparation method for preparing the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing fermentation liquor of citrus processing waste and 40% amino acid powder, adding polyglutamic acid, and reacting for 4h at 50 deg.C;

(2) adding biochemical potassium fulvate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, tween 60 and thiophosphoryl amide into the product obtained in the step (1), mixing, stirring and reacting for 1h, wherein the reaction temperature is 50 ℃;

(3) homogenizing and refining the mixed solution obtained in the step (2), wherein the homogenizing time is 20min, the temperature is 60 ℃, and the homogenizing pressure is 110 MPa;

(4) and cooling and packaging the homogenized mixture to obtain the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer containing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste.

Example 2

The amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 800 parts of citrus processing waste fermentation liquor, 600 parts of 40% amino acid powder, 200 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 125 parts of calcium nitrate, 200 parts of magnesium nitrate, 10 parts of tween 60, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid and 3 parts of phosphoryl ester;

the preparation method for preparing the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing fermentation liquor of citrus processing waste and 40% amino acid powder, adding polyglutamic acid, and reacting for 6h at 60 deg.C;

(2) adding biochemical potassium fulvate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, tween 60 and phosphorus oxychloride into the product obtained in the step (1), mixing, stirring and reacting for 2 hours, wherein the reaction temperature is 70 ℃;

(3) homogenizing and refining the mixed solution obtained in the step (2), wherein the homogenizing time is 30min, the temperature is 80 ℃, and the homogenizing pressure is 130 MPa;

(4) and cooling and packaging the homogenized mixture to obtain the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer containing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste.

Example 3

The amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 700 parts of citrus processing waste fermentation liquor, 500 parts of 40% amino acid powder, 160 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 110 parts of calcium nitrate, 190 parts of magnesium nitrate, 8 parts of tween 80, 8 parts of polyglutamide and 2 parts of amide;

the preparation method for preparing the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste and 40% amino acid powder uniformly, adding polyglutamide, and reacting for 5h at 55 ℃;

(2) adding biochemical potassium fulvate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, tween 80 and amide into the product obtained in the step (1), mixing, stirring and reacting for 1.5h, wherein the reaction temperature is 60 ℃;

(3) homogenizing and refining the mixed solution obtained in the step (2), wherein the homogenizing time is 25min, the temperature is 70 ℃, and the homogenizing pressure is 120 MPa;

(4) and cooling and packaging the homogenized mixture to obtain the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer containing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste.

Example 4

The amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 750 parts of citrus processing waste fermentation liquor, 550 parts of 40% amino acid powder, 190 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 120 parts of calcium nitrate, 195 parts of magnesium nitrate, 9 parts of tween 80, 9 parts of polyglutamide and 2.5 parts of thiourea;

the preparation method for preparing the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste and 40% amino acid powder uniformly, adding polyglutamide, and reacting for 5.5h at 58 ℃;

(2) adding biochemical potassium fulvate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, tween 80 and thiourea into the product obtained in the step (1), mixing, stirring and reacting for 1.8h, wherein the reaction temperature is 65 ℃;

(3) homogenizing and refining the mixed solution obtained in the step (2), wherein the homogenizing time is 20-30min, the temperature is 75 ℃, and the homogenizing pressure is 125 MPa;

(4) and cooling and packaging the homogenized mixture to obtain the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizer containing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste.

The water-soluble fertilizers of examples 1-4 were tested according to the agricultural industry standard of medium element amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer NY1429-2010, and the results are shown in Table 1:

table 1 examples 1-4 test results

The results show that the amino acid medium element type water soluble fertilizer liquid products in the examples 1 to 4 all meet the technical index requirements of NY1429-2010 agricultural industry standards.

Application example

1. Materials and methods

1.1 test soil

The test was conducted in the long-term location test base at the Hunan agricultural university at the Yangyang city of Liuyang, Hunan village, Hunan, province in Hunan province in 2020. The soil to be tested is river moisture soil, and the soil of a plough layer has the following basic physicochemical properties: pH5.88, 15.76g/kg of organic matter, 1.75g/kg of total nitrogen, 0.99g/kg of total phosphorus, 13.28g/kg of total potassium, 101.82mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 23.57mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 127.69mg/kg of quick-acting potassium. 1.2 test fertilizers: amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizers containing fermentation broth of citrus processing waste prepared in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4.

1.2 test fertilizers: amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizers containing fermentation broth of citrus processing waste prepared in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4.

1.3 test article: the tested pakchoi variety is Shenrong Kuai, produced by Qingdao Shenrong agricultural development Limited.

1.4 test design and method

1.4.1 test design

The test was repeated 3 times with 7 treatments, and arranged in random blocks, each cell having an area of 20m²。

Treatment 1: the test fertilizer (prepared in example 1) was applied by the following method: spraying, wherein the pesticide is used once in seedling stage, 40ml is used once, diluted by 600 times, continuously sprayed for 4 times, and used once in 7 days.

And (3) treatment 2: the test fertilizer (prepared in example 2) was applied by the following method: applying by water, beginning to use in seedling stage, and using 0.45kg/m once²The preparation is applied continuously for 4 times, and is applied once in 7 days.

And (3) treatment: the test fertilizer (prepared in example 3) was applied by the following method: spraying, wherein the pesticide is used once after the seedling stage, 30ml is used once, the pesticide is diluted by 800 times, and the pesticide is continuously sprayed for 4 times and is used once in 7 days.

And (4) treatment: the test fertilizer (prepared in example 4) was applied by the following method: the application is carried out by water, the use is started in the seedling stage, and the one-time use is 0.61kg/m²The preparation is applied continuously for 3 times, and is applied once in 8 days.

And (4) treatment 5: habitually applying 45% of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) at a basal rate of 1.52kg/m²。

And (6) treatment: no fertilizer is applied.

Adopting greenhouse cultivation, sowing the seeds at the date of 2020, 5 months and 22 days, and sowing quantity of 400g/666.7m²And the harvest date is 2020, 6 and 21.

1.4.2 test methods

(1) Selecting a land block with uniform fertility to carry out a plot field test.

(2) The agricultural measures of each treatment field are consistent, and the protection rows are arranged around the residential area.

1.4.3 items of measurement

The average plant height and leaf number of each treated plant were investigated at the time of harvesting pakchoi, and the yield of pakchoi was determined.

2. Test results and analysis

2.1 Chinese cabbage biological Properties

TABLE 2 Effect of different fertilization treatments on the plantlet traits of Brassica rapa

Numbering	Plant height (cm)	Number of blades (sheet)
			Process 1	16.5	7.6
Treatment 2	16.2	7.3
			Treatment 3	15.9	7.1
Treatment 4	16.3	7.5
			Treatment 5	15.2	6.5
Treatment 6	12.3	4.6

As can be seen from Table 2, the plant heights and leaf numbers of the pakchoi treated in the treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 (to which the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizers prepared in the examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were applied, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the treatments 5 and 6. Among them, treatment 1 showed the best growth effect, the plant height increased by 1.3cm and 4.2cm, respectively, as compared with treatment 5 and treatment 6, and the number of leaves increased by 1.1 and 3.0, respectively.

2.2 yield and quality of Brassica campestris

TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on the yield of Brassica rapa

Numbering	Yield (kg/mu)
		Process 1	1616.2
Treatment 2	1732.4
		Treatment 3	1563.5
Treatment 4	1752.3
		Treatment 5	1426.8
Treatment 6	806.3

As can be seen from Table 3, the yields of pakchoi treated in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 (to which the amino acid medium-element type water-soluble fertilizers prepared in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were applied, respectively) were significantly improved as compared with treatments 5 and 6. The amino acid trace element water-soluble fertilizer containing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste can effectively improve the yield of crops.

TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on the quality of Brassica rapa

As can be seen from Table 4, the contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C and total chlorophyll of the pakchoi treated in the treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 (the amino acid medium element type water-soluble fertilizers prepared in the examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were applied respectively) were significantly increased as compared with the treatments 4 and 5, while the nitrate content was significantly decreased. The amino acid trace element water-soluble fertilizer containing the fermentation liquor of the citrus processing waste can effectively improve the nutritional quality of crops.