阅读说明：本技术 一种抑制土传病害土壤改良菌剂及其制备方法 (Soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases and preparation method thereof ) 是由 杨利华 彭娇 于 2021-09-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种抑制土传病害土壤改良菌剂及其制备方法,所述抑制土传病害土壤改良菌剂包括以下重量份组分：复合微生物菌剂0.5-5份、有机基质20-40份、营养元素5-20份、助剂5-10份；所述复合微生物菌剂包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌、多粘芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉和淡紫拟青霉；所述有机基质包括滤泥、糖蜜、芥菜叶、烟茎和混合中药渣；所述营养元素包括尿素、磷酸二氢钾、EDTA螯合锌；所述助剂包括硅藻土、碳酸钙、柠檬酸钠、活性炭。本发明通过将复合微生物菌剂、有机基质、营养元素和助剂复配得到抑制土传病害土壤改良菌剂,对土传病害防治效果好,对环境不产生污染,且具有长期效果。(The invention provides a soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases and a preparation method thereof, wherein the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts of compound microbial agent, 20-40 parts of organic matrix, 5-20 parts of nutrient elements and 5-10 parts of auxiliary agent; the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, trichoderma harzianum and paecilomyces lilacinus; the organic matrix comprises filter mud, molasses, mustard leaf, tobacco stem and mixed traditional Chinese medicine residue; the nutrient elements comprise urea, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA chelated zinc; the auxiliary agent comprises diatomite, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate and activated carbon. The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases is obtained by compounding the compound microbial inoculum, the organic matrix, the nutrient elements and the auxiliary agent, has good prevention and treatment effects on the soil-borne diseases, does not pollute the environment, and has long-term effect.)

1. A soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts of compound microbial agent, 20-40 parts of organic matrix, 5-20 parts of nutrient elements and 5-10 parts of auxiliary agent;

the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, trichoderma harzianum and paecilomyces lilacinus;

the organic matrix comprises filter mud, molasses, mustard leaf, tobacco stem and mixed traditional Chinese medicine residue;

the nutrient elements comprise urea, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA chelated zinc;

the auxiliary agent comprises diatomite, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate and activated carbon.

2. The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of compound microbial agent, 30 parts of organic matrix, 12 parts of nutrient elements and 8 parts of auxiliary agent.

3. The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 3-8 parts of bacillus polymyxa, 2-5 parts of bacillus megaterium, 0.2-0.8 part of trichoderma harzianum and 0.1-0.5 part of paecilomyces lilacinus.

4. The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases according to claim 1, wherein the organic matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of filter mud, 5-10 parts of molasses, 5-10 parts of leaf of mustard, 3-8 parts of tobacco stem and 10-20 parts of mixed traditional Chinese medicine residue.

5. The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient elements comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2-0.5 part of EDTA chelated zinc.

6. The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the auxiliary agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of diatomite, 3-8 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of sodium citrate and 2-5 parts of activated carbon.

7. A method for preparing a soil-borne disease inhibiting soil improvement microbial inoculum for preparing the soil-borne disease inhibiting soil improvement microbial inoculum according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, crushing the organic matrix, wherein the particle size of the crushed organic matrix is less than 3mm to obtain a crushed matrix, and mixing the crushed matrix according to a ratio to obtain a mixed matrix;

s2, mixing the mixed matrix with an auxiliary agent, and adjusting the water content to 50-70% to obtain a fermentation substrate;

s4, inoculating a compound microbial agent into the fermentation substrate, and fermenting and decomposing at room temperature to obtain a decomposed material;

s5, uniformly mixing the decomposed material with nutrient elements to obtain the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Soil-borne diseases refer to diseases caused by invasion of crops from roots or stems of crops when pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and soil-borne pests live in soil and under appropriate conditions. With the deterioration of soil conditions, soil-borne diseases are more serious and difficult to control, and particularly, the disease condition of the soil-borne diseases is more serious in a land plot where the same crop is planted throughout the year.

At present, the common prevention and treatment mode of soil-borne diseases is a physical mode of sunlight solarization after soil plowing or a chemical mode of chemical agent disinfection, but the effect of the physical mode is general, pathogens cannot be thoroughly eliminated, the chemical mode easily causes harm to soil, so that beneficial flora in soil is also destroyed, the ecological environment of soil is deteriorated, and the pathogens easily generate drug resistance after long-term use of the chemical agent, so that the prevention and treatment effect on the soil-borne diseases is poor. In addition, the chemical means also causes pollution to the environment.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases, which adopts a mode of combining microorganisms and an organic matter matrix to prevent and treat the soil-borne diseases, has good prevention and treatment effect and long action time, and does not pollute the environment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts of compound microbial agent, 20-40 parts of organic matrix, 5-20 parts of nutrient elements and 5-10 parts of auxiliary agent;

the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, trichoderma harzianum and paecilomyces lilacinus;

the organic matrix comprises filter mud, molasses, mustard leaf, tobacco stem and mixed traditional Chinese medicine residue;

the nutrient elements comprise urea, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA chelated zinc;

the auxiliary agent comprises diatomite, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate and activated carbon.

Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of compound microbial agent, 30 parts of organic matrix, 12 parts of nutrient elements and 8 parts of auxiliary agent.

Preferably, the compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 3-8 parts of bacillus polymyxa, 2-5 parts of bacillus megaterium, 0.2-0.8 part of trichoderma harzianum and 0.1-0.5 part of paecilomyces lilacinus.

Preferably, the organic matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of filter mud, 5-10 parts of molasses, 5-10 parts of leaf of mustard, 3-8 parts of tobacco stem and 10-20 parts of mixed traditional Chinese medicine residue.

Preferably, the nutrient elements comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2-0.5 part of EDTA chelated zinc.

Preferably, the auxiliary agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of diatomite, 3-8 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of sodium citrate and 2-5 parts of activated carbon.

The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases is obtained by compounding the compound microbial inoculum, the organic matrix, the nutrient elements and the auxiliary agent, wherein the compound microbial inoculum has the effects of improving the soil micro-ecological environment and preventing and treating bacterial and fungal soil-borne diseases, can promote the growth of crops and improve the immunity of the crops, the organic matrix can support the compound microbial inoculum to quickly adapt to the soil environment, colonize in the soil and play a role in biocontrol for a long time, the nutrient elements can provide nutrition for the crops and the compound microbial inoculum, and the auxiliary agent has the effects of improving the soil and improving the effect. The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases has good prevention and treatment effect on the soil-borne diseases, does not pollute the environment and has long-term effect.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases, which is used for preparing the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases and comprises the following steps:

s1, crushing the organic matrix, wherein the particle size of the crushed organic matrix is less than 3mm to obtain a crushed matrix, and mixing the crushed matrix according to a ratio to obtain a mixed matrix;

s2, mixing the mixed matrix with an auxiliary agent, and adjusting the water content to 50-70% to obtain a fermentation substrate;

s3, inoculating a compound microbial agent into the fermentation substrate, and fermenting and decomposing at room temperature to obtain a decomposed material;

s4, uniformly mixing the decomposed material with nutrient elements to obtain the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases.

According to the invention, after the compound microbial agent and the organic matrix are mixed and fermented, the organic matrix can be quickly decomposed, and the compound microbial agent is propagated in the organic matrix, so that the biomass of microorganisms is improved, the adaptability of the soil improvement microbial agent for inhibiting soil-borne diseases to soil is enhanced, and the prevention and treatment effects of the soil-borne diseases are improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art can more clearly understand the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts of compound microbial agent, 20-40 parts of organic matrix, 5-20 parts of nutrient elements and 5-10 parts of auxiliary agent;

the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, trichoderma harzianum and paecilomyces lilacinus;

the organic matrix comprises filter mud, molasses, mustard leaf, tobacco stem and mixed Chinese medicinal residue;

the nutrient elements comprise urea, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA chelated zinc;

the auxiliary agent comprises diatomite, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate and active carbon.

In the compound microbial agent, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the bacillus megaterium have the effects of degrading macromolecular organic matters and soil condensate and can degrade insoluble matters in soil, so that the insoluble matters can be absorbed and utilized by crops, the soil condition is improved, the absorption and utilization rate of the crops on nutrients is improved, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the bacillus megaterium also have the control effect on fungal pathogenic bacteria such as fusarium oxysporum and root rot pathogenic bacteria, the bacillus polymyxa and the trichoderma harzianum have the control effect on various pathogenic bacteria, and the paecilomyces lilacinus has the inhibition effect on root-knot nematodes.

In the organic matrix, the filter mud is organic waste generated in the process of refining the cane sugar, contains rich organic matters, partial protein and carbohydrate and can provide nutrients for the growth of microorganisms, and the molasses contains a large amount of carbohydrate and can provide sufficient carbon sources for the growth of the microorganisms. The mustard leaves, the tobacco stems and the mixed traditional Chinese medicine residues contain rich organic matters and effective substances, wherein the mustard leaves contain glucosinolates which have the function of poisoning root-knot nematodes, and nicotine in the tobacco stems also has the function of preventing and controlling pathogenic bacteria. Wherein the mixed traditional Chinese medicine residue is the residue obtained by extracting traditional Chinese medicine extract by water extraction or alcohol extraction process, and the mixed traditional Chinese medicine residue comprises radix astragali residue, herba Epimedii residue, radix Angelicae sinensis residue and radix Puerariae residue.

Among the nutrient elements, urea can provide nitrogen elements, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can provide phosphorus and potassium elements, the urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be absorbed and utilized by crops and are also beneficial to the growth and the reproduction of microorganisms in the compound microbial agent, and the EDTA chelated zinc belongs to chelated trace elements and has high absorption and utilization rate.

In the auxiliary agent, the diatomite and the active carbon are natural porous substances, can adsorb nutrient substances in an organic matrix and nutrient elements, slowly release the nutrient substances, and can relieve soil hardening, provide oxygen for soil microorganisms and improve soil conditions. The calcium carbonate and the sodium citrate can adjust the pH value of soil, wherein the calcium carbonate can neutralize acid soil, the calcium carbonate can provide calcium element after being decomposed, and the citric acid can react with refractory substances in the soil to improve the absorption utilization rate of nutrients.

The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases is obtained by compounding a compound microbial inoculum, an organic matrix, nutrient elements and an auxiliary agent, wherein the compound microbial inoculum has the effects of improving the soil micro-ecological environment and preventing and treating bacterial and fungal soil-borne diseases, can promote the growth of crops and improve the immunity of the crops, the organic matrix can support the compound microbial inoculum to quickly adapt to the soil environment, colonize in the soil and play a role in biocontrol for a long time, the nutrient elements can provide nutrient supply for the crops and the compound microbial inoculum, and the auxiliary agent has the effects of improving the soil and improving the effect. The soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases has good prevention and treatment effect on the soil-borne diseases, does not pollute the environment and has long-term effect.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases, which is used for preparing the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting soil-borne diseases, and comprises the following steps:

s1, crushing the organic matrix, wherein the particle size of the crushed organic matrix is less than 3mm to obtain a crushed matrix, and mixing the crushed matrix according to a ratio to obtain a mixed matrix;

s2, mixing the mixed matrix with an auxiliary agent, and adjusting the water content to 50-70% to obtain a fermentation substrate;

s3, inoculating a compound microbial agent into a fermentation substrate, and fermenting and decomposing at room temperature to obtain a decomposed material;

s4, mixing the decomposed material and the nutrient elements uniformly to obtain the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases.

The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples:

example 1

The composite microbial agent, the organic matrix, the nutrient elements and the auxiliary agent are in a weight ratio of 0.5:40:5:10, and the soil improvement microbial agent for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases is prepared by the following steps:

1.1, crushing the organic matrix, wherein the particle size of the crushed organic matrix is less than 3mm to obtain crushed matrix, and mixing the crushed matrix according to a proportion to obtain mixed matrix, wherein the organic matrix comprises filter mud, molasses, mustard leaves, tobacco stems and mixed traditional Chinese medicine residues, the mixed traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise astragalus residue, epimedium residue, angelica residue and kudzu root residue, and the weight ratio of the substances is 30:10:10:3: 20;

1.2, mixing the mixed matrix with an auxiliary agent, and adjusting the water content to 50% to obtain a fermentation substrate, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises diatomite, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate and activated carbon, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent to the activated carbon is 10:8:3: 5;

1.3 inoculating a compound microbial agent in a fermentation substrate, stacking into a strip stack with the height of 1.5m, fermenting for 15 days at room temperature, and turning and throwing when the internal temperature of the strip stack exceeds 65 ℃ to obtain a decomposed material, wherein the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, trichoderma harzianum and paecilomyces lilacinus, and the weight ratio of the substances is 5:8:5:0.2: 0.5;

1.4, uniformly mixing the decomposed material with nutrient elements to obtain the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases, wherein the nutrient elements comprise urea, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA chelated zinc, and the weight ratio of the substances is 5:5: 0.2.

Example 2

The weight ratio of the compound microbial agent to the organic matrix to the nutrient elements to the auxiliary agent is 5:20:20:5, and the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases is prepared by the following steps:

2.1, crushing the organic matrix, wherein the particle size of the crushed organic matrix is less than 3mm to obtain crushed matrix, and mixing the crushed matrix according to a proportion to obtain mixed matrix, wherein the organic matrix comprises filter mud, molasses, mustard leaves, tobacco stems and mixed traditional Chinese medicine residues, the mixed traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise astragalus residue, epimedium residue, angelica residue and kudzu root residue, and the weight ratio of the substances is 40:5:5:8: 10;

2.2, mixing the mixed matrix with an auxiliary agent, and adjusting the water content to 50% to obtain a fermentation substrate, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises diatomite, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate and activated carbon, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent to the activated carbon is 20:3:1: 2;

2.3 inoculating a compound microbial agent in a fermentation substrate, stacking into a strip stack with the height of 1.5m, fermenting for 15 days at room temperature, and turning and throwing when the internal temperature of the strip stack exceeds 65 ℃ to obtain a decomposed material, wherein the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, trichoderma harzianum and paecilomyces lilacinus, and the weight ratio of the substances is 10:3:2:0.8: 0.1;

and 2.4, uniformly mixing the decomposed material with nutrient elements to obtain the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases, wherein the nutrient elements comprise urea, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA chelated zinc, and the weight ratio of the substances is 7:3: 0.5.

Example 3

The weight ratio of the compound microbial agent to the organic matrix to the nutrient elements to the auxiliary agent is 2:30:12:8, and the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases is prepared by the following steps:

3.1, crushing the organic matrix, wherein the particle size of the crushed organic matrix is less than 3mm to obtain crushed matrix, and mixing the crushed matrix according to a proportion to obtain mixed matrix, wherein the organic matrix comprises filter mud, molasses, mustard leaves, tobacco stems and mixed traditional Chinese medicine residues, the mixed traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise astragalus residue, epimedium residue, angelica residue and kudzu root residue, and the weight ratio of the substances is 35:8:7:5: 15;

3.2, mixing the mixed matrix with an auxiliary agent, and adjusting the water content to 50% to obtain a fermentation substrate, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises diatomite, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate and activated carbon, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent to the auxiliary agent is 15:6:2: 3;

3.3 inoculating a compound microbial agent in a fermentation substrate, stacking into a strip stack with the height of 1.5m, fermenting for 15 days at room temperature, and turning and throwing when the internal temperature of the strip stack exceeds 65 ℃ to obtain a decomposed material, wherein the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, trichoderma harzianum and paecilomyces lilacinus, and the weight ratio of the substances is 7:6:4:0.5: 0.4;

3.4, uniformly mixing the decomposed material with nutrient elements to obtain the soil improvement microbial inoculum for inhibiting the soil-borne diseases, wherein the nutrient elements comprise urea, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA chelated zinc, and the weight ratio of the substances is 6:4: 0.3.

Comparative example 1

The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that the conventional leaven which is sold in the market and mainly comprises bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger is used for fermentation without adding the compound microbial agent, and the rest steps are consistent with the example 3.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example differs from example 3 in that chicken manure and straw were used as the organic substrate, and the remaining steps were identical to example 3.

Examples of the experiments

In a certain farm of Xiangyang city, Hubei province, the applicant selects pepper as a test vegetable, and performs verification experiments on the control effects of pepper bacterial wilt, root rot and root-knot nematode on the soil conditioner obtained by the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2.

The experiment design is provided with a blank group and an experiment group, wherein the blank group is only watered, the soil conditioner of different examples and comparative examples is applied to different experiment groups respectively, the area of the blank group and the area of the experiment group are both 200m2, 100kg of the soil conditioner is applied to each mu of soil for soil improvement, the disease incidence is investigated on the 60 th day of pepper growth, and the result is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 statistics of pepper incidence

As can be seen from Table 1, the soil improvement microbial inoculum of the embodiment of the invention can obviously reduce the morbidity of pepper bacterial wilt, root rot and root knot nematode after being used for improving soil, and has obvious control effect. The composite microbial agent with the biocontrol effect is combined with the organic matrix containing various effective substances, the composite microbial agent is fermented in the organic matrix, the adaptability of the composite microbial agent is improved, the composite microbial agent can adapt to the environment more quickly after being applied to soil, the auxiliary agents added with the activated carbon and the diatomite can adsorb nutrient substances and release slowly, long-term nutrient supply is provided for the composite microbial agent, and the effect is more durable.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.