阅读说明：本技术 一种具有防治白及锈病的植物源制剂及其制备方法 (Plant-derived preparation capable of preventing and treating rust diseases of rhizoma bletillae and preparation method of plant-derived preparation ) 是由 周颖 周鑫伟 张家春 郑听 张子雄 张珍明 孙超 于 2021-08-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种具有防治白及锈病的植物源制剂及其制备方法,该锈病防治剂以中药材黄柏作为原材料,用纯净水作为溶剂,其制备过程为将≥50克再次晾晒和大小一致的黄柏置于≥1升水中,浸泡后进行水浴超声辅助提取,随后再大火煮开后小火煎,静置至室温后抽滤获得≥50g/L的黄柏浸提液的滤液,即为本发明提供的具有防治白及锈病的植物源制剂。本发明具有原材料易获取,制备过程简单、制备时间短等特点。本发明的锈病防治剂易于吸附于白及叶片表面,白及吸收效果好,药效稳定性强,且绿色无污染、无残留、无生态毒性,对白及锈病的防效高达92.15%,白及的发病率和病情指数仅为17.68%和3.99,能够有效抑制白及锈病的发生率,在白及锈病的防治上起到了良好作用。(The invention discloses a plant source preparation for preventing and treating rust diseases of bletilla striata and a preparation method thereof, wherein the rust disease preventing and treating agent takes Chinese medicinal material phellodendron bark as a raw material and pure water as a solvent, and is prepared by the steps of placing more than or equal to 50g of phellodendron bark which is aired again and has consistent size in more than or equal to 1 liter of water, soaking, performing water bath ultrasonic auxiliary extraction, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire, standing to room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain more than or equal to 50g/L of filtrate of phellodendron bark extract, namely the plant source preparation for preventing and treating rust diseases of bletilla striata provided by the invention. The invention has the characteristics of easily obtained raw materials, simple preparation process, short preparation time and the like. The rust disease control agent disclosed by the invention is easy to adsorb on the surfaces of the bletilla striata leaves, is good in absorption effect of the bletilla striata, strong in drug effect stability, green, pollution-free, residue-free and eco-toxicity-free, has a white and rust disease control effect of 92.15%, has a bletilla striata disease incidence and disease index of only 17.68% and 3.99, can effectively inhibit the occurrence rate of the rust disease of the bletilla striata, and plays a good role in controlling the rust disease of the bletilla striata.)

1. A plant-derived preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease is characterized in that: the method comprises the following raw materials: the cortex phellodendri and purified water are prepared by the following specific steps:

s1, airing: placing the golden cypress in a dustpan, uniformly spreading the golden cypress, and airing the golden cypress;

s2, cutting: cutting the aired golden cypress into small blocks with the thickness of 5 mm, the width of 1 cm and the length of 1 cm;

s3, mixing: weighing a small phellodendron bark block of more than or equal to 50g, placing the small phellodendron bark block in a beaker, then accurately weighing purified water of more than or equal to 1L by using a measuring cylinder, and pouring the purified water into the beaker to obtain a mixed solution of the phellodendron bark and water, wherein the concentration of the mixed solution is more than or equal to 50 g/L:

s4, soaking: standing a mixed solution of the phellodendron and water with the concentration of more than or equal to 50g/L for 1 to 2 hours, and fully soaking the phellodendron;

s5, ultrasonic extraction: placing the beaker containing the mixed solution of the golden cypress and the water in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and carrying out water bath ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 30 minutes;

s6, high-temperature extraction: pouring the mixed solution of the phellodendron amurense and water after ultrasonic processing into a casserole, heating on open fire, boiling with big fire, boiling for 3-5 minutes, turning to small fire, continuing to slowly boil with small fire for about 30 minutes, turning off the fire source to obtain an phellodendron amurense leaching solution, pouring the phellodendron amurense leaching solution into a common container, and standing to room temperature;

s7, suction filtration: and (3) carrying out suction filtration on the phellodendron extract which is kept standing to room temperature and has the concentration of more than or equal to 50g/L at a suction filtration device, and obtaining filtrate for later use after suction filtration.

2. The plant-derived preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived preparation comprises the following components: the concentration of the phellodendron extract is more than or equal to 50 g/L; the practical use concentration of the phellodendron extract is reasonably prepared according to the attack time and the disease degree of rust.

3. The plant-derived preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived preparation comprises the following components: the selection of the phellodendron bark is based on the following criteria, namely, the phellodendron bark is plate-shaped, has brown and flat outer surface, can see skin hole marks and residual dark brown rough skin, has dark yellow inner surface, fine longitudinal ribs, light weight, hard texture, fibrous cross section, flaky layering, dark yellow color, slight smell, extremely bitter taste and stickiness after being chewed.

4. The plant-derived preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived preparation comprises the following components: the earthen pot is a pottery pot body made of pottery clay, and the pot body has the characteristics of good air permeability, good heat preservation, health, environmental protection and the like.

5. The plant-derived preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived preparation comprises the following components: the suction filtration device comprises a vacuum pump (vacuum pressure-91 kpa, air extraction speed 120L/min), a suction filtration bottle (1 liter suction filtration bottle +100 mm Buchner funnel) and a 0.45 um microporous filter membrane.

6. The plant-derived preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived preparation comprises the following components: the golden cypress leaching liquor is bright yellow in color, has obvious bitter taste, is oily when being soaked in liquid, and has the characteristics of stickiness, smoothness and the like when being soaked in hands.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of prevention and treatment of diseases of common bletilla pseudobulb, and particularly relates to a plant source preparation for preventing and treating common bletilla pseudobulb rust and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Rhizoma Bletillae (Bletilla (Thunb.) Reichb. f.) is a perennial herb of the genus bletilla of the family Orchidaceae, and is administered as a dry tuber. Bletilla striata is slightly cold in nature, bitter, sweet and astringent in taste, and has the effects of stopping bleeding, astringing, reducing swelling and promoting tissue regeneration. Besides, the bletilla striata is widely applied to industries such as food, chemical engineering and the like, and has excellent ornamental value. With the further expansion of the development and utilization of bletilla striata in the market, bletilla striata wild resources are difficult to meet the increasing demand, so that the artificially planted bletilla striata is developed in a large area.

Along with the continuous expansion of the planting area of the bletilla striata, the types and the damage degree of the diseases of the bletilla striata are increasingly serious. Especially, the rust of the bletilla striata caused by the rust fungi belongs to a multi-cycle disease, the rust fungi have huge reproductive capacity and the characteristic of being capable of being re-infected for many times, and thousands of summer spores can be released after one mature summer spore pile breaks through the epidermis of a host, so the rust diseases have the characteristics of wide occurrence and quick transmission. The rust fungi mainly damage the leaves of the bletilla striata, generate a large amount of spore piles on the leaves of the bletilla striata, often break the epidermis of the leaves of the bletilla striata, and increase the water evaporation of plants to cause the death of pathogenic plants. Since 2016, the bletilla striata is planted in many places in Guizhou, rust disease occurs in a large area, the yield and ornamental value of the bletilla striata are seriously threatened, and the sustainable green development of the bletilla striata industry is seriously hindered.

At present, the prevention and control of the rust disease of the bletilla striata are mainly based on chemical prevention and control means. Common rust prevention and control agents for common bletilla striata mainly comprise triadimefon, myclobutanil, difenoconazole, kresoxim-methyl and the like. The chemical control agent is frequently used for a long time, pathogenic bacteria can generate drug resistance, the control effect is reduced year by year, and meanwhile, the problems of pesticide residue exceeding standards, environmental pollution and the like can be caused by excessive use of the chemical control agent. The plant source preparation is an effective way for preventing and controlling crop diseases, and has the characteristics of no pesticide residue, long pesticide effect and the like.

Many plants contain bactericidal active substances, and plant extracts have broad prospects as control agents. Phellodendron bark, cortex Phellodendri, a commonly used Chinese medicine, contains berberine, phellodendrine and other chemical components, has the functions of bacteriostasis, anti-inflammation and the like, and is mainly produced in Guizhou, Sichuan and other places. At present, no relevant content related to the prevention and control of plant-derived preparations such as plant extracts related to the rust disease of the common bletilla pseudobulb is found, and the application of the golden cypress to the prevention and control of the rust disease of the common bletilla pseudobulb is not reported.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a plant source preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of ecological pollution and harmful residues caused by poor prevention and treatment effect of the bletilla striata rust disease and excessive use of chemical agents.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a plant source preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease comprises the following raw materials: the cortex phellodendri and purified water are prepared by the following specific steps:

s1, airing: placing the golden cypress in a dustpan, uniformly spreading the golden cypress, and airing the golden cypress;

s2, cutting: cutting the aired golden cypress into small blocks with the thickness of 5 mm, the width of 1 cm and the length of 1 cm;

s3, mixing; weighing a small phellodendron bark block of more than or equal to 50g, placing the small phellodendron bark block in a beaker, then accurately weighing purified water of more than or equal to 1L by using a measuring cylinder, and pouring the purified water into the beaker to obtain a mixed solution of the phellodendron bark and water, wherein the concentration of the mixed solution is more than or equal to 50 g/L:

s4, soaking: standing a mixed solution of the phellodendron and water with the concentration of more than or equal to 50g/L for 1 to 2 hours, and fully soaking the phellodendron;

s5, ultrasonic extraction: placing the beaker containing the mixed solution of the golden cypress and the water in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and carrying out water bath ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 30 minutes;

s6, high-temperature extraction: pouring the mixed solution of the phellodendron amurense and water after ultrasonic processing into a casserole, heating on open fire, boiling with big fire, boiling for 3-5 minutes, turning to small fire, continuing to slowly boil with small fire for about 30 minutes, turning off the fire source to obtain an phellodendron amurense leaching solution, pouring the phellodendron amurense leaching solution into a common container, and standing to room temperature;

s7, suction filtration: and (3) carrying out suction filtration on the phellodendron extract which is kept standing to room temperature and has the concentration of more than or equal to 50g/L at a suction filtration device, and obtaining filtrate for later use after suction filtration.

Further, the concentration of the phellodendron amurense leaching liquor is more than or equal to 50 g/L. The practical use concentration of the phellodendron extract is reasonably prepared according to the attack time and the disease degree of rust.

Further, the selection of the phellodendron bark is carried out according to the following criteria, namely, the phellodendron bark is plate-shaped, brown on the outer surface, flat, visible skin hole marks and residual dark brown rough skin, dark yellow on the inner surface, fine longitudinal ribs, light weight, hard texture, fibrous cross section, split layer, dark yellow, slight smell, extremely bitter taste and sticky taste when being chewed.

Furthermore, the earthen pot is a pottery pot body made of pottery clay, and the pot body has the characteristics of good air permeability, good heat preservation, health, environmental protection and the like.

Further, the suction filtration device comprises a vacuum pump (vacuum pressure-91 kpa, air suction speed 120L/min), a suction flask (1 liter suction flask +100 mm Buchner funnel) and a 0.45 um microporous filter membrane.

Furthermore, the golden cypress leaching liquor is bright yellow in color, has obvious bitter taste, is oil-like in liquid, and has the characteristics of stickiness, smoothness and the like when being stained.

The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:

compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the raw material phellodendron bark is easy to obtain, has low cost, is easy to adsorb on the surface of the bletilla striata leaves, and has good absorption effect of the bletilla striata, strong drug effect stability, greenness, no pollution, no residue and no ecological toxicity.

(2) The preparation method of the control agent has the advantages of simple preparation process, short preparation time and the like.

(3) The bletilla striata rust disease control agent provided by the invention has a control effect on the bletilla striata and rust disease of 92.15%, and the morbidity and disease index are only 17.68% and 3.99%. The bletilla striata rust inhibitor can effectively inhibit the occurrence rate of the bletilla striata rust, plays a good role in preventing and controlling the bletilla striata rust, promotes the healthy growth and development of the bletilla striata, thereby improving the yield of the bletilla striata and having better popularization value.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A plant source preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease comprises the following raw materials: the cortex phellodendri and purified water are prepared by the following specific steps:

s1, airing: placing the golden cypress in a dustpan, uniformly spreading the golden cypress, and airing the golden cypress;

s2, cutting: cutting the aired golden cypress into small blocks with the thickness of 5 mm, the width of 1 cm and the length of 1 cm;

s3, mixing: weighing 50g of small phellodendron bark blocks, placing the small phellodendron bark blocks in a beaker, then accurately weighing 1L of purified water by using a measuring cylinder, and pouring the purified water into the beaker to obtain a mixed solution of the phellodendron bark and water, wherein the mixed solution has the concentration of more than or equal to 50 g/L:

s4, soaking: standing the mixed solution of 50g/L of phellodendron and water for 1.5 hours, and fully soaking the phellodendron;

s5, ultrasonic extraction: placing the beaker containing the mixed solution of the golden cypress and the water in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and carrying out water bath ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 30 minutes;

s6, high-temperature extraction: pouring the mixed solution of the phellodendron amurense and water after ultrasonic processing into a casserole, heating on open fire, boiling with big fire, boiling for 3-5 minutes, turning to small fire, continuing to slowly boil with small fire for about 30 minutes, turning off the fire source to obtain an phellodendron amurense leaching solution, pouring the phellodendron amurense leaching solution into a common container, and standing to room temperature;

s7, suction filtration: and (3) carrying out suction filtration on the phellodendron extract liquid which is kept stand to room temperature and has the concentration of 50g/L at a suction filtration device, and obtaining filtrate for later use after suction filtration.

Preferably, the concentration of the phellodendron amurense leaching liquor is 50 g/L.

Preferably, the selection of the phellodendron bark is performed according to the following criteria, namely, the phellodendron bark is in a plate shape, has brown outer surface, is flat, has visible bark hole marks and residual dark brown rough bark, has dark yellow inner surface, has fine longitudinal ribs, is light, hard, fibrous in cross section, is in a split-sheet shape, is dark yellow, slight in smell, extremely bitter in taste and sticky in chewing.

Preferably, the earthen pot is a pottery pot body made of pottery clay, and the pot body has the characteristics of good air permeability, good heat preservation, health, environmental protection and the like.

Preferably, the suction filtration device comprises a vacuum pump (vacuum pressure-91 kpa, air suction speed 120L/min), a filter flask (1 liter filter flask +100 mm Buchner funnel) and a 0.45 um microporous filter membrane.

Preferably, the golden cypress leaching liquor is bright yellow in color, has obvious bitter taste, is oil-like in liquid, and has the characteristics of stickiness, smoothness and the like when being stained.

The technical scheme and the using effect of the invention will be further explained by combining the specific example data.

In a Guizhou province plantation, common bletilla pseudobulb is selected in the same growth vigor, 15 experimental districts with the area of 1.44 square meters are arranged, blank control, 50g/L of Chinese wampee leaf leaching liquor, 50g/L of golden cypress leaching liquor (without cooking process) and less than or equal to 25g/L of golden cypress leaching liquor (with cooking process) are used as control groups, the plant source preparation is used as a test group, and each test group is arranged for 3 times of repetition. Placing each leaching solution in a sprinkling can, spraying on the front and back of rhizoma bletilla leaf, the usage amount of each cell is 160ml, wherein the blank control is sprayed with purified water, and field management is unified for each experimental group in the period. Spraying operation is carried out once every other week from 4 months and 30 days, and 9 spraying operations are carried out in total. The control effect of the common bletilla pseudobulb rust disease of each experimental group is counted and recorded at 25 days in 6 months and 13 days in 7 months, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the table above, the plant source preparation provided by the invention has good effects on the prevention and treatment of the white rust and the rust diseases, the prevention and treatment capability is relatively remarkable, the prevention effect in the table 1 is 92.15% and is significantly higher than that of a control group, the morbidity and the disease index are only 17.68% and 3.99%, and are also significantly lower than that of the control group.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.